RU2512796C1 - Method of self-contained respiratory system launch - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: articles of personal use.

SUBSTANCE: ambient air is used to fill respiratory bag. Ambient air passes through oxidation catalyst layer first, and then is supplied into respiratory bag at inhalation phase. Air is put through regeneration product first and then delivered to the user.

EFFECT: possible removal of launch brick from self-containing respiratory system design, thus reducing weight and dimensions and improving fire safety.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to insulating breathing apparatus operating on chemically bound oxygen.

A known method of starting an insulating breathing apparatus (for example, RF patent No. 2130789 IPC A62B 19/00, A62B 7/08, 09.1997; RF patent No. 2335314 A62B 7/08, 11.2006; RF patent No. 2337737 IPC A62B 9/00 A62B 7/08, 05.2007). This method consists in supplying the initiating fluid to the starting briquette of the regenerative product. The need to use a starting briquette in an insulating breathing apparatus is associated with a significant inertial period in the development of a regenerative product (up to 3 min). During the development of a regenerative product and in the absence of a respiratory mixture in the respiratory bag, a person's respiratory failure may occur (lack of respiratory mixture for inhalation, suffocation). The triggering of the starting briquette allows you to relatively quickly (0.5-2.5 min) fill the breathing bag with oxygen (2.5-3 dm ³ ) and, thus, normalize the work of the insulating breathing apparatus (normalize human breathing). The operating experience of such a method of starting an insulating breathing apparatus into operation has shown its sufficient reliability.

The disadvantages of this starting method include, first of all, a noticeable increase in the mass (per 100 g) and volume (120 cm ³ ) of the regenerative cartridge due to the mass of the starting device and the briquette itself. With the general tendency to reduce the mass and volume of the insulating breathing apparatus (especially portable), the mass and size characteristics of the starting briquette become comparable with those of the regenerative cartridge itself. Secondly, the presence of a pyrotechnic starting briquette provides an increased fire hazard of the product. Thirdly, a starting device using a starting briquette makes the whole product structurally complex and, therefore, expensive in price.

The objective of the invention is to remove the starting briquette from the design of the insulating breathing apparatus and, thus, reducing its weight and size characteristics, increasing fire safety and reducing the cost of the product as a whole.

The problem is solved by the method of starting an insulating breathing apparatus, characterized in that the ambient air is used to fill the breathing bag, which is initially passed through the oxidation catalyst layer, fed into the breathing bag during the inspiration phase, then passed through the regenerative product and then served to the consumer.

During normal breathing (outside the apparatus), during the inspiration phase, a person takes 2-2.5 dm of air from the atmosphere, extracts oxygen from it, fills the air with carbon dioxide, water vapor and exhales it back into the atmosphere. It has to be taken into account that practically a person can get involved in the operation of an insulating apparatus at any phase (inhalation or exhalation), despite the direct indication of the instructions. At the exhalation phase into the apparatus, the bag is filled with gas, but at the inhalation phase, the bag remains empty. At the same time, the development of a regenerative product is associated with the mandatory passage of carbon dioxide and water vapor through its layer, that is, with the reciprocating movement of the indicated volume of the respiratory mixture. Moreover, the oxygen content in the respiratory mixture is not a prerequisite for product development.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the specified required amount of air is taken from the atmosphere of the external environment (the first distinguishing feature), clean it of possible harmful gas impurities (second distinguishing feature) and served to the consumer. In the totality of the above distinguishing features, the essence of the invention is expressed.

To clean the missing volume of external air, it is initially passed through a catalyst to oxidize harmful impurities. As a result of complete oxidation, all gas impurities become acidic. Then the gas from the breathing bag is passed through the layer of the regenerative product, where all gas impurities of an acidic nature (for example, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide) are irreversibly absorbed. A person is relatively easy to tolerate oxygen hunger and excess carbon dioxide in the respiratory mixture for 3-5 minutes. However, a lack of air on inspiration (breath holding) is unacceptable, especially since the development of a regenerative product does not occur.

Using this method allows you to exclude the starting briquette from the design of the insulating breathing apparatus and, thus, reduce its weight and size characteristics, increase its fire safety and reduce the cost of the product as a whole.

This method can be implemented, for example, using a starting device, a diagram of which is shown in the drawing. The device 1 contains a check valve 2 for starting air, a tube with a catalyst 3 for oxidizing gas impurities, a valve 4 for air inlet with a spring 5 and a stop 6. The device 1 with a valve 2 is mounted in the lower part of the breathing bag 7. In the upper part, the breathing bag is connected with a regenerative cartridge 8 containing a regenerative product on the grill 9.

The starting device operates as follows.

When a person is included in an insulating breathing apparatus during the exhalation phase, air enters cartridge 8, passes through a regenerative product with absorption of water vapor and carbon dioxide, and fills the breathing bag 7. During the reaction, oxygen is released and the regenerative product is heated. Purified air enters the breath during the inspiration phase. The inclusion in the operation of the starting device is not required.

When a person is included in an insulating breathing apparatus during the inspiration phase, air does not enter the regenerative product. The breathing bag 7 is empty, and external pressure compresses it to the limit. In this case, the stop 6 contacts the grate 9 and compresses the spring 5, thus opening the inlet of the valve 4. External air through the check valve 2 enters the tube with the catalyst 3. It is advisable to use hopcalite or palladium-based catalysts as the catalyst. On the surface of the catalyst, harmful impurities are oxidized and enter the breathing bag 7. The mass (3-5 g) and the volume (3-5 cm ³ ) of the starting device are relatively small. Next, the air enters the regenerative cartridge 8, where the process of additional oxidation of harmful impurities continues. Since all gas impurities in this case acquire an acidic character, they are simultaneously irreversibly absorbed by the regenerative product. This completes the process of launching a regenerative product.

Thus, all the above tasks are solved.

For various reasons, the practically required volume of external air is much smaller than the tidal volume (depth of breathing). Full exhalation is extremely rare. In addition, inclusion often occurs in an uninfected atmosphere. Thus, the proposed item is more likely an insurance item.

Claims (1)

A method of starting an insulating breathing apparatus, characterized in that ambient air is used to fill the breathing bag, which is initially passed through the oxidation catalyst layer, is fed into the breathing bag during the inspiration phase, then passed through the regenerative product and then served to the consumer.