RU2516017C1 - Air regeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation.

SUBSTANCE: air regeneration system comprises the absorption cartridge which is provided with absorber of carbon dioxide, and the oxygen cylinder. The absorption cartridge is provided with briquette of lithium peroxide or oxide. Moreover, the absorption cartridge is made using lithium hydroxide solution and the gas-vapour phase.

EFFECT: device enables to reduce significantly the mass and dimensions parameters of the regeneration system.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to air regeneration devices in an atmosphere unsuitable for breathing, in enclosed spaces, and can be used, for example, in rescue respirators.

The main problem for air regeneration systems is the requirement of a minimum mass (respirators for mine rescuers) and a minimum volume (enclosed spaces).

Known regenerative respirator R-30 for mine rescuers (Didenko NS, Regenerative respirators for mine rescue, M, "Nedra", 1984, p.156, Respirator R-30). The respirator includes a cartridge with a carbon dioxide absorber based on calcium hydroxide (a KhPI product) and an oxygen cylinder. The absorber works by the mechanism of chemisorption in the solid phase.

The main advantage of the device is the relative simplicity of its circuit.

However, the respirator has a large mass associated with the large mass and volume of consumable products.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the mass of consumable products in the regeneration system.

The problem is solved using a system containing an absorbing cartridge equipped with a briquette of peroxide or lithium oxide. In addition, the absorption cartridge is made using a solution of lithium hydroxide and a vapor-gas phase.

The invention consists in the following. The absorption cartridge contains a briquette of peroxide or lithium oxide. Consequently, the potential of an absorption cartridge for carbon dioxide increases dramatically. Additionally, lithium peroxide releases a portion of the oxygen necessary for respiration. However, taking into account the low activity of peroxide or lithium oxide, the absorption cartridge is made with the inclusion in its volume of a solution of lithium hydroxide and active participation in the process of chemisorption of the vapor-gas phase.

This feature of the device (its distinguishing feature) is the essence of the invention. The main thing is that such a device makes it possible to use lithium peroxide or oxide as an absorber and, thus, significantly reduce the overall dimensions of the regeneration system.

The general scheme of the air regeneration system is shown in the drawing (Fig. 1).

The lithium peroxide briquette 1 is located in the absorption cartridge 2. The absorption cartridge 2 is connected to the inlet 3 of the exhaled breathing mixture, the outlet of the respiratory mixture 4 and the condensate drain 5. In addition to the input 4, the breathing bag 6 has an outlet for draining the condensate and a conclusion 7 of the respiratory mixture. On the inspiratory line there is a gas cooler 8 and the introduction of recharge oxygen from the cylinder 9. The inspiratory and expiratory lines are connected to the front part 10 through the valve 11.

The air regeneration device (respirator model) generally works as follows. When exhaling, the breathing mixture through the inlet 3 is sent to the absorption cartridge 2, where it is cleaned of carbon dioxide with the help of briquette 1 and is supplied to the breathing bag with water vapor 6. The heat-releasing surface of the breathing bag is sufficient to discharge the heat of condensation into the external environment and the condensed liquid is automatically drained back in the absorption cartridge. From the bag, only the air-gas mixture comes in for inhalation, which is then cooled in the refrigerator 8, saturated with the missing volume of oxygen (from cylinder 9) and supplied to the consumer for breathing.

The essence lies in the work of the absorption cartridge, a diagram of which is shown in the drawings (figure 2 and 3). In the drawing (figure 2) shows the initial position (at the time of the start of work) of the absorption cartridge. In the drawing (figure 3) shows the working position.

The briquette 1 of lithium peroxide is placed in the upper corrugated container 2 on the grate 3. Using the sealing ring 4, most of the briquette is separated from the reaction zone 5. In the lower corrugated container 6 is a solution 7 of lithium hydroxide and a precipitate 8 of lithium carbonate. The direction of flow of the respiratory mixture is indicated by arrows 9. The total height of the cartridge is limited by a limiter 10.

When preparing the apparatus for operation, a fixed amount of water (100-200 g) is preliminarily poured into the container 6. There is no direct contact between the product and water. To start the work by shaking the cartridge, the lower part of the briquette is wetted. Upon exhalation, the carbon dioxide of the respiratory mixture reacts with the resulting film of an alkaline solution with the formation of lithium carbonate, oxygen and heat. Quite quickly (1-2 min.), The alkaline solution on the surface of the briquette is heated to a temperature of 85-100 ° C and the resulting water vapor together with the gas is fed into the breathing bag. The fluidized part of the product and insoluble lithium carbonate under the influence of gravity fall into the water and form a solution of lithium hydroxide. Further, this already heated solution, together with the surface of the briquette, works as a chemisorbent. At a high temperature (85-100 ° C) in the reaction zone, the kinetics of the process is quite high. The outer (working) surface of the briquette part always remains sufficiently clean of sediment, since lithium carbonate is practically insoluble and settles to the bottom.

The stationary regeneration process is quite stable, since, on the one hand, its heat release is limited by the breathing mode, and, on the other hand, its heat loss is determined by the value of the heat-transfer surface of the respiratory bag (not less than 0.14 m ² ). During operation, the amount of water in the lower corrugated container increases due to the influx of exhaled moisture.

For example, for a rescue respirator respirator, if the initial briquette mass (necessary for working for 4-5 hours) is 600 g plus 150 g of water, then the mass of the final products is 1500 g. Of these, the mass of water is approximately 500 g, and the mass of carbonate sediment lithium - 1000 g. The volume of the residue is approximately 1200 cm ³ .

The general advantages of the method for a rescue respirator working according to the scheme (Fig. 1) are shown in table 1.

Mass indicator Variant of a lithium peroxide respirator Variant of a lithium oxide respirator Respirator R-30 The required mass of chemisorbent, kg 0.75 0.54 2.15 (KhPI product based on calcium hydroxide) The mass of the cartridge with chemisorbent, kg 1.15 0.94 2.85 Required mass of oxygen cylinder, kg 0.91 1,57 1.57 (including lightweight container) Total weight of products, kg 2.06 2,51 4.42 The estimated mass of the respirator, kg 7.5 8.4 11.0

Output. The decrease in the mass of the respirator by 2.6-3.5 kg, which is extremely important for mountain rescuers, should be considered significant.

For collective protective equipment (KSZ), the dominant indicator is the volume occupied (dimensions). The reaction water can be ignored, since it is not present during storage.

Claims (2)

1. An air regeneration system comprising an absorption cartridge equipped with a carbon dioxide absorber and an oxygen cylinder, characterized in that it contains an absorption cartridge equipped with a briquette of peroxide or lithium oxide. 2. The air regeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorption cartridge is made using a solution of lithium hydroxide and a gas-vapor phase.

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