RU2324513C1 - Isolating respiratory apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal effects.

SUBSTANCE: isolating respiratory apparatus operating on chemically fixed oxygen contains unit isolating respiratory organs, regenerative cartridge, respiratory bag with an excess pressure valve and start up device consisting of a start up briquette, ampoule with initiative liquid and ampoule breaking device connected via a flexible tie to an element of the design. The ampoule breaking device with initiative liquid is connected to the respiratory bag. The ampoule is made of a film, reinforced with a metal foil, and the breaking device is made as a capron filament stretched through an ampoule enclosure.

EFFECT: achieved simplification of the design.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen isolating breathing apparatus for protecting respiratory organs in an emergency.

Known insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen (AS USSR No. 180491, MKI A62B 27/00, 1966), containing a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve, the front part and the case. The apparatus also contains a starting device, consisting of a starting briquette containing oxygen-releasing substance, a rubber starting ampoule with a cutter cutting from the inside, a striker, pressed into the vault of the ampoule, a spring, fixing balls and a cap connected by a flexible connection with the cover of the case. The starting device is triggered when the cover of the case is removed, while the ampoule is destroyed by the action of the spring, and the ampoule liquid enters the starting briquette, initiating its decomposition and, accordingly, oxygen evolution.

However, such a device is characterized by a rather high complexity due to the need for reliable fixing of the fixing balls, their functional integration with the cap and the cover of the case. To bring such a device into operation requires considerable effort, which is unacceptable when used in devices manufactured for the public.

Known insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bonded oxygen (A.S. USSR No. 248504, MKI A62B 9/00, 1969) containing a case, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve and a front part. The cartridge is equipped with a starting device consisting of a starting briquette and a rubber ampoule. The starter is equipped with a metal disc with a sharp protrusion and a capsule with a reactive liquid. The capsule is made of readily destructible non-diffusion material, for example glass, and has the shape of an open vessel. The neck of the rubber ampoule has thickened walls and, with the help of the striker, fixing balls, springs and cap, holds the capsule in a fixed position and protects it from shock during transportation. The cap is connected by a flexible connection with the cover of the case. The launcher automatically trips when the case cover is removed.

However, such a device is also characterized by a rather high complexity due to the need for reliable fixing of the fixing balls, their functional integration with the cap and the cover of the case. To bring such a device into operation requires considerable effort, which is unacceptable when used in devices manufactured for the public.

Known insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen (AS USSR No. 234870, MKI A62B 7/08, 1969), containing a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve and the front part. On the cover of the regenerative cartridge there is a starting device made in the form of an oval rubber ampoule with a solution of sulfuric acid, a ceramic knife, a membrane and a plate starting briquette and cap. In this apparatus, the starting device is actuated by pressing the ampoule, and a ceramic knife inside the ampoule cuts through the membrane. In this case, an acid solution is injected onto the briquette, which, when decomposed, releases oxygen.

This device is also difficult to operate for an untrained user, since the starting device is located on the top cover of the regenerative cartridge and is partially blocked by a breathing bag.

Because of this, it is unsuitable for use in devices manufactured for the public.

Known insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen (A.S. USSR No. 330873, MKI A62B 7/08, 1972) containing a case, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve. The regenerative cartridge is equipped with a starting device, including a starting briquette of oxygen-releasing substances and a rubber ampoule, firing pin, spring, fixing balls, cap and catcher. The cap is connected to the case cover by a flexible connection. The catcher is a glass, in the bottom of which a hole is made, flanged inward, and the flanging of the hole is made in the form of petals. The catcher is made of elastic material. The starter device is automatically triggered when the case cover is removed, while the balls that are discarded when the cap is torn off are caught by the catcher.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design of the device, as well as the difficulty of using it by untrained users.

As a prototype, an insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen was chosen (A.S. USSR No. 121665, MKI A62B 7/08, 1959), containing a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve, a front part and a case. The apparatus also includes a starting device, consisting of a briquette with an oxygen-containing substance, a starting ampoule of destructible material, in particular a glass filled with a reagent, and the briquette and ampoule are resiliently mounted in the fitting with a rubber membrane. The ampoule in the middle part has a pinch to facilitate its destruction. A flexible connection (kapron thread) connected to the mouthpiece of the front part passes through the rubber membrane. When the mouthpiece is taken into the mouth, the flexible connection destroys the ampoule and is freely pulled out through the membrane, the contents of the ampoule enter the briquette, initiating its decomposition and, accordingly, oxygen evolution.

The disadvantages of such a device include the relative complexity of using a self-rescuer by untrained users and the insufficient design reliability associated with pulling a flexible connection through an opening in a rubber membrane, especially at a low temperature, at which the opening is delayed, which leads to a loss of oxygen released. Another drawback is the use of a liquid-filled glass ampoule, characterized by fragility, inability to withstand shock loads.

The objective of the invention is to create an apparatus that provides improved conditions for its use, including untrained users.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in an insulating breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen containing a respiratory isolation unit, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve and a starting device containing a starting briquette, an ampoule with an initiating fluid and an ampoule destruction mechanism connected by a flexible connection with structural element, the mechanism of destruction of the ampoule with the initiating fluid is connected with the breathing bag, the ampoule is made of a film reinforced with a metal foil, mechanically m fracture is formed as a cord yarn, passing through the cavity of the ampoule.

The starting briquette is made in the form of a package of plates of an oxygen-containing product enclosed in a porous hydrophilic shell.

The package of plates of an oxygen-containing product is made of potassium superoxide, deposited on a porous carrier.

The ampoule is equipped with an incision in the place where the kapron filament passes.

The starting device is connected to the regenerative cartridge by belts made of polymer material.

The implementation of the mechanism of destruction of the ampoule with the initiating fluid associated with the breathing bag allows for the ease of starting an insulating breathing apparatus to an untrained user. To do this, it is enough to straighten the air bag folded into the bag, which can be achieved by straightening the folds of the air bag either by pulling its lower part, or by filling the air bag by performing one two exhalations into the respiratory isolation unit (half mask or mouthpiece). Thereby, an improvement in the conditions of use of the respiratory apparatus is achieved.

The implementation of the ampoule from a film reinforced with a metal foil provides a reduction in the effort to break it, since the reinforced films are characterized by a minimum tensile force due to the absence of elastic deformations in them. By reducing the effort spent on the destruction of the ampoule, simplification of the design is achieved and the conditions for the use of the breathing apparatus are improved.

The implementation of the destruction mechanism in the form of a kapron thread passing through the cavity of the ampoule, simplifies the launch of the apparatus into operation. When straightening the folds of the breathing bag under the action of the tension of its lower part, or when filling the internal volume of the respiratory bag with exhaled air, kapron filament is tensioned. When the kapron filament is tensioned, the ampoule wall is destroyed along the entire length, facing the starting composition. The initiating liquid, flowing out of the ampoule, moistens the hydrophilic shell, which then gives off moisture to the regenerative product. This provides a simplified design and improved application conditions.

The launch of the briquette in the form of a package of plates of an oxygen-containing product enclosed in a porous hydrophilic shell ensures a smooth start of the breathing apparatus. As indicated above, the initiating fluid, flowing out of the ampoule, moistens the hydrophilic shell, which then gives moisture to the regenerative product. This ensures a smooth inclusion of the insulating apparatus in the work. By increasing the start-up time, the discharge of oxygen through the overpressure valve is reduced. Thus, simplification of the design and improvement of the conditions of use of the insulating breathing apparatus are achieved.

The execution of the package of plates of an oxygen-containing product from potassium peroxide, deposited on a porous carrier, allows the use of the same regenerative product in the regenerative cartridge and in the starting device. The regenerative product is fully developed upon contact with the initiating liquid due to the action of capillary forces that facilitate the transport of the liquid by the porous carrier over the entire area of the plates of the regenerative product. By unifying the product, design simplification is achieved, and through the use of a porous carrier, a more complete product development is achieved, which reduces its quantity, i.e. create a starting device with a minimum weight, thereby improving the conditions of use of the device.

The supply of the ampoule with a notch at the passage of the kapron filament provides a reduction in the effort to destroy the wall of the ampoule, since the notch is a concentrator of stresses arising in the wall of the ampoule with tension of the kapron filament. This provides a simplification of the design of the insulating breathing apparatus and improvement of the conditions for its use.

The connection of the starting device with the regenerative cartridge tapes made of polymer material provides a flexible connection of the starting device with the regenerative cartridge. Starting conditions for the starting device remain unchanged regardless of the spatial position of the regenerative cartridge, for example, when the user is tilted, since under the influence of its own weight, the starting device maintains a horizontal position. Such a connection of the starting device with the regenerative cartridge provides a simplification of the design and improvement of the conditions of use of the device.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a General view of an insulating breathing apparatus;

figure 2 - callout I (starting device in the context);

figure 3 is a view along arrow A (an incision is shown on the wall of the ampoule);

figure 4 is a section along BB;

5 is a view of the breathing bag at the initial moment (after removing it from the vacuum package);

Fig.6 is the same as in Fig.5, the time of starting and operation of the starting device with the air bag extended.

An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen contains a respiratory isolation unit 1 made in the form of a cap made of a polymer film with a half mask, or in the form of a mouthpiece with a nose clip, a breathing bag 2 made of a polymer film, for example, fluoroplastic, 4 MB 50 microns. Inside the breathing bag 2, a regenerative cartridge 3 and a starting device consisting of an ampoule 4 with an initiating liquid, a body 5 with an oxygen-containing product 6 made of potassium superperoxide deposited on a porous carrier, and an ampoule destruction system in the form of a nylon string 7 made, for example, are installed , from fishing line 0.3 mm thick. The oxygen-containing product 6 is made in the form of a package of plates enclosed in a porous hydrophilic shell 8. Ampoule 4 is filled with an initiating liquid representing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride to lower the freezing point and copper sulfate, which is a catalyst for the decomposition of potassium superoxide. As a hydrophilic shell, BMD glass paper is used, and in 2-3 layers, wrapped around a bag with an oxygen-containing product of potassium superoxide deposited on glass mat. Ampoule 4 is made of a film reinforced with metal foil, the trade name is “Terafol-L” in the form of aluminum foil, clad from the inside with a plastic film and from the outside with a film of lavsan. Inside the ampoule 4 passes kapron thread 7, which is connected at one end to the breathing bag 2 and the other to the starter housing 5. The ampoule 4 is equipped with a notch 9 in the place of attachment to the housing 5, while the kapron filament 7 passes through the notch 9. The housing 5 of the starting device is connected to the regenerative cartridge 3 with belts 10 made of polymer material. The ampoule 4 is connected at its ends to the body 5 by means of brackets 11. A handle 12 is made in the lower part of the bag 2.

The proposed device operates as follows.

In the event of an emergency in which the air is not suitable for breathing, the insulating breathing apparatus is removed from the box or case and the vacuum packaging (not shown) and the respiratory isolation unit 1 is put on the head so that the half mask fits snugly against the user's face. After that, the breathing bag 2 for the handle 12 is straightened. (The initial position of the breathing bag 2 is shown in Fig.5, the final position is shown in Fig.6). When the bag 2 is straightened, kapron filament 7 is tensioned, which, thanks to a notch 9, easily cuts the wall of the ampoule 4 facing the oxygen-containing product 6. The liquid from the ampoule 4 flows to the hydrophilic shell 8 and uniformly moistens the oxygen-containing product 6, which, when decomposed, releases oxygen in an amount 3-6 dm ³ filling the respiratory bag 2.

When the user breathes, the exhaled air enters from the respiratory isolation unit 1 into the regenerative cartridge 3. When exhaling, the air partially purified from carbon dioxide enters the breathing bag 2, in which it is partially cooled by dissipating heat into the surrounding space and, when inhaled, passes from the bag 2 into the regenerative cartridge 3 into the node of the isolation of the respiratory organs 1. In this case, the air regenerates again, which consists in the absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of the necessary oxygen for breathing the lord.

The invention provides a simplified design and improved conditions for the use of an insulating breathing apparatus.

Claims (5)

1. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen, comprising a respiratory isolation unit, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag with an overpressure valve, and a starting device containing a starting briquette, an ampoule with an initiating fluid, and an ampoule breaking mechanism connected by a flexible connection with a structural member, characterized the fact that the destruction mechanism of the ampoule with the initiating fluid is connected with the breathing bag, the ampoule is made of a film reinforced with a metal foil, the destruction mechanism is performed nen in the form of a kapron thread passing through the cavity of the ampoule. 2. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting briquette is made in the form of a package of plates of an oxygen-containing product enclosed in a porous hydrophilic shell. 3. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the package of plates of the oxygen-containing product is made of potassium superoxide, deposited on a porous carrier. 4. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ampoule is equipped with an incision at the passage of the nylon filament. 5. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting device is connected to a regenerative cartridge by bands of polymer material.

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