RU2605075C2 - Self-contained breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safety.

SUBSTANCE: self-contained breathing apparatus using chemically combined oxygen is designed for respiratory protection in emergency situation with higher comfort. Self-contained breathing apparatus using chemically combined oxygen comprises a front part, regenerative cartridge, starting device, valve box, breathing bag, chemical adsorbent, inhalation and exhalation hoses, mounted on exhalation hose control device, in form of air duct with distribution valve, controlled flexible link, fixed on opposite side of valve of respiratory bag. According to invention chemical adsorbent is located in respiratory bag and is connected in parallel to exhalation line with regenerative cartridge through control device, positioned inside respiratory bag, made in form of air duct with distribution valve, connected by flexible link with respiratory bag, wherein input of chemical adsorbent in respiratory bag is connected in series with inhalation valve of valve box and front part, and output to regenerative cartridge.

EFFECT: invention provides simultaneous longer protective action on heavy modes of breathing, reduced resistance to breath and temperature reduction during inhalation.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to chemically bound oxygen insulating breathing apparatus for protecting respiratory organs in an atmosphere unsuitable for breathing in an emergency.

The device is designed for rescue operations and can be used in coal industry during fires, explosions in mines for the extraction of miners, and can be used in other industries in the presence of toxic gases in the air above the maximum permissible concentrations and / or lack of oxygen.

Analysis of recent research and publications.

As a result of scientific research in the field of fire safety (P.Yu. Borodich, OE Bezuglov. Assessment of pulmonary ventilation for work of varying severity. P. 64-67. Problems of fire safety. Kharkov: NUGZU, 2011. Issue 30 . - 284 p.] Lung ventilation was assessed for work of varying severity. It was shown that its values, even when performing typical exercises in practical exercises in protective breathing apparatus, are higher than those proposed in the regulatory and technical literature. In addition, for all types of work ennoe as a result of the study the average value of pulmonary ventilation is 1.5 times higher than proposed in the system safety standards.

It is known that a discrete system of respiratory modes for miners is adopted, including 15 breathing modes, table 1 [Isolating breathing apparatus and the basics of their design: a training manual, section 5, paragraphs. 5.2 / C.V. Gudkov, S.I. Butler, S. B. Putin, V.P. Tarov. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2008. - 188 p., Tab. 5].

From table 1 it is seen that the 12th respiratory regimen (70 dm ³ / min), in addition to the reduced and main, has an increased value of the respiration parameter.

Since the new experimental results [P.Yu. Borodich, O.E. Bezuglov. Assessment of pulmonary ventilation for work of varying severity. S. 64-67. Fire safety issues. Kharkov: NUGZU, 2011] confirmed the results of table 1, then increasing the time of the protective action (VZD) while maintaining the mass of the regenerative product is an urgent task.

Known insulating breathing apparatus (IDA) with chemically bound oxygen (RF Patent No. 2319526, IPC A62B 7/08, 19/00, 2008), comprising a housing with a regenerative product, placed in a breathing bag and connected to a cap made of polymer , in which a half mask is fixed with a nozzle connected to a flow switch, which, in turn, is connected to the outlet valve with the housing and the inspiration valve with the cavity of the breathing bag.

The proposed device is characterized by better development of the regenerative product by increasing the duration of contact of the cleaned gas-breathing mixture (GDS) with the surface of the regenerative product by about 10-30 times, but does not change the nature of the work of this product, which has a regeneration coefficient (K _reg. ) (Allocation ratio oxygen compared to carbon dioxide absorption).

It is believed that for the normal functioning of the IDA, the regeneration coefficient should be at least 1.2 [Isolating breathing apparatus and the basics of their design: study guide, section 5, pl. 5.2 / C.V. Gudkov, S.I. Butler, S. B. Putin, V.P. Tarov. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2008. - 188 p.].

It is known that upon reaching the limit value of the concentration of carbon dioxide on inspiration in the lower part of the cartridge remains a significant part of the untreated regenerative product.

Therefore, you need to have more oxygen in the regenerative product than is necessary to ensure reliable operation of the IDA.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the essential features of the invention are: a body, a front part, a breathing bag, a regenerative cartridge, a nozzle, a flow switch connected by an exhalation valve to the inlet of the body and the inspiration valve to the cavity of the breathing bag.

The disadvantage that impedes the achievement of the technical result is the low productivity for cleaning the GDS, which reduces the HPA.

This reduces the time of the device, so it does not allow fully develop regenerative product, because the product is made with a K _reg. more than 2.5-3.0 to ensure reliable operation in existing devices.

Also known is an insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen (RF Patent No. 2472546, IPC A62B 7/08, 11/24, 2013).

This apparatus contains a regenerative cartridge, a mask, a breathing bag and a device for regulating the volume of the respiratory mixture, the mask containing inspiratory and expiratory valves. The device’s respiratory mixture regeneration device has spatially separated blocks of oxygen generation and carbon dioxide absorption, which are functionally interconnected by a circulating alkali solution using a pump.

This achieves an increased operating time of the apparatus due to the separation of oxygen generation and absorption of carbon dioxide and a higher absorption capacity of the alkali solution in comparison with a solid granular product.

The disadvantage is the design complexity due to the presence of an alkali solution requiring corrosion-resistant materials, increased material consumption and cost of the apparatus. In addition, it is necessary to use an additional corrosion-resistant pump for pumping alkali and an additional source of electrical energy is required, having a definite and limited service life.

All this increases the cost of the device, complicates its operation and reduces its reliability, since all working elements are connected in series and the failure of one of them will cause the failure of the entire device.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the essential features of the invention are: a regenerative cartridge, a front part, a breathing bag, a nozzle, a device for regulating the volume of the respiratory mixture, spatially separated blocks of oxygen regeneration and absorption of carbon dioxide.

Based on the set of common features, the technical solution according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2120812, IPC АВВ 7/08, 1998 was selected as a prototype.

This apparatus contains a front part, a breathing bag, regenerative and absorbing cartridges, inhalation and exhalation hoses, a control valve that regulates the flow of GDS through the regenerative cartridge. The distribution valve is made in the form of an air duct with a valve controlled by a flexible connection fixed to the side of the air bag on the opposite side of the valve, while the absorption cartridge is installed on the inhalation hose, and the air duct is connected to the air bag.

Such a constructive implementation allows to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide on inspiration in the breathing apparatus and to optimize the process of oxygen evolution, increasing the total time of the IDA.

However, this device is characterized by an imbalance in the operation of the apparatus due to the use of a chemical absorber (KhPI), made in the form of a granular product having a high input resistance of the working layer and increasing the resistance to breathing during operation. This reduces the effectiveness of the proposed design advantages.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the essential features of the invention are: a regenerative cartridge, a front part, a breathing bag, a nozzle, a control device in the form of a distribution element, spatially separated blocks of oxygen regeneration and absorption of carbon dioxide, inhalation and exhalation hoses, a distribution element mounted on the exhalation hose regulating the flow of exhaled air through a regenerative cartridge made in the form of an air duct with a valve controlled by a flexible connection fixed to the side of the breathing bag opposite the valve, while the absorption cartridge is mounted on the inspiratory hose, and the duct is connected to the breathing bag.

The disadvantage is the design complexity and the use of CPI to absorb carbon dioxide in the form of a granular product with high respiration resistance.

The use of a well-known absorption block (cartridge) in series for breathing increases breathing resistance, and parallel - increases the cost due to the appearance of fine and precise adjustment of the spring of the GDS volume control device and the need to maintain the parameters of the opening / closing of the distribution valve during storage.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of the breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen, which allows to increase the IDP in heavy breathing modes (70 dm ³ / min) while increasing the comfort of breathing by reducing the temperature of the breath and breathing resistance, while oxygen in the respiratory circuit, as in the known apparatus, is regulated by the need for it.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that an insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bound oxygen containing a front part, a regenerative cartridge, a starting device, a valve box, a breathing bag, chemisorbent, inhalation and exhalation hoses, an adjustment device mounted on the exhalation hose, made in the form of an air duct with a distribution a valve controlled by a flexible connection fixed to the side of the air bag opposite the valve, and the chemisorbent is made with low hydraulic resistance and positioned in the air bag.

The chemisorbent is connected in parallel on the exhalation line with a regenerative cartridge through a control device, which is located inside the breathing bag and is made in the form of an air duct with a distribution valve connected by a flexible connection to the breathing bag.

The inlet of the chemisorbent in the breathing bag is connected in series with the inhalation valve of the valve box and the front part, and the output is connected with a regenerative cartridge.

Chemisorbent filling of the respiratory bag was carried out from one to two thirds of the estimated volume of carbon dioxide purification of the regenerative cartridge.

Between the distinguishing features and the achieved technical result, there is a causal relationship. The presence of a causal relationship between the totality of the essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result is shown in table 2.

From table 2 it is seen that the use of new relationships:

- filling the breathing bag with a chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance ensures an increase in the IDP in heavy breathing modes (70 dm ³ / min), by 36% without increasing the mass of the regenerative product due to the use of chemisorbent with low breathing resistance and choosing the filling volume of the chemisorbent breathing bag for severe conditions breathing

- filling the breathing bag with a chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance provides an increase in the IDP at nominal conditions (35 dm ³ / min), by 40-50% without increasing the mass of the regenerative product due to the use of chemisorbent with low breathing resistance and choosing the filling volume of the chemisorbent of the breathing bag for normal breathing patterns;

- the location of the absorption unit of the apparatus in the breathing bag connected to the valve box and the front part and with the regenerative cartridge reduces the temperature of the inhaled GDS in the nominal mode by 10 ° C (20%) due to the less active work of the regenerative cartridge, as part of the GDS passes, bypassing the regenerative cartridge, through the distribution valve of the GDS volume control device located in the breathing bag;

- reducing breathing resistance on inhalation and exhalation in heavy and nominal breathing modes is ensured by the location of the regenerative cartridge and the absorption unit in the breathing bag with chemisorbent in parallel through the control device, made in the form of an air duct with a valve and connected by a flexible connection, while the improvement is 40%, obtained due to chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance.

Consequently, due to the use of a breathing bag in the apparatus, inside of which there is an absorption block made of chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance, filled from one to two thirds of the calculated volume of carbon dioxide regenerative cartridge, working continuously and connected for breathing in parallel on the line of inhalation and exhalation with the front part, through the GDS volume control device, made in the form of an air duct with a valve and connected by a flexible connection, the absorption unit being connected to Lapan box and the front part, and output - with regenerative cartridge. In this case, the task is achieved.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the VZD in heavy and normal breathing conditions while improving the comfort of use due to the use of a chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance and a spring-loaded control valve with a flexible connection forming a GDS bypass line through which it can enter the breathing bag, bypassing the regenerative cartridge. Additionally, the replacement of the regenerative cartridge is simplified.

The essence of the claimed apparatus is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation, where in FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the proposed apparatus.

The structural implementation of the apparatus shown in the drawing.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

1 - front part;

2 - valve box;

3 - exhalation valve;

4 - an exhalation hose;

5 - regenerative cartridge;

6 - starting device;

7 - starting briquette;

8 - inspiratory valve;

9 - a hose of a breath;

10 - air duct;

11 - device for regulating the volume of GDS;

12 - distribution valve;

13 - flexible communication;

14 - a respiratory bag;

15 - chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance;

16 - pipe.

The proposed apparatus includes a front part 1 connected to the valve box 2 through the exhalation valves 3 with an exhalation hose 4, fixed by a regenerative cartridge 5, triggered by a starting device 6 with a starting briquette 7, and an inspiratory valve 8 with an inhalation hose 9.

An air duct 10 is mounted on the exhalation hose 4 with a GDS volume control device 11, which is a spring-loaded control valve 12 with a flexible connection 13, which is fixed to the GDS volume control device 11 and connected to the opposite valve by the side of the breathing bag 14 in which the chemisorbent is placed with low hydraulic resistance 15, the outputs of the regenerative cartridge and the breathing bag with chemisorbent are connected by a pipe 16.

One end of the duct 10 is connected to the exhalation hose 4, and the other to the breathing bag 14 and a chemisorbent located therein with low hydraulic resistance 15 so that between the hose 10 and the breathing bag 14 a GDS bypass line is formed, through which it can enter the respiratory bag 14 directly from the exhalation hose 4, bypassing the regenerative cartridge 5.

The device operates as follows. The user turns on the starting device with the starting briquette, puts on the front part and makes the first exhale. At the same time, the exhaled HDS through the exhalation valve 3 enters through the exhalation hose 4 and passes through the regenerative cartridge 5, where it is cleaned of carbon dioxide, water vapor and enriched with oxygen, then enters the breathing bag 14 with a chemisorbent located in it with low hydraulic resistance 15, where it is additionally cleared of carbon dioxide. Since the chemisorbent located in the breathing bag has less hydraulic resistance than the regenerative cartridge 5, the part of the exhalation of the GDS through the duct 10, the volume control device of the GDS 11 and the spring-loaded control valve 12 with flexible connection 13, through the chemisorbent enters the inspiration valve 8 the inhalation hose 9 into the front part 1.

When inhaling, the gas mixture from the starting briquette 7 and exhaled GDS through the duct 10, the distribution valve 12, at the same time from the breathing bag 14 passes through a chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance 15, the inhalation hose 9 and enters the front part 1 through the inspiration valve 8.

As the breathing bag 14 is filled, due to the operation of the regenerative cartridge 5, the distribution valve 12 of the volume control device 11 is opened by tensioning the flexible connection 13 and part of the exhaled gas mixture from the exhalation valve 3 passes into the breathing bag 14 through the duct 10, bypassing the regenerative cartridge 5 .

This leads to a decrease in the amount of oxygen emitted by the regenerative product, a decrease in the regeneration coefficient and, accordingly, to a decrease in the degree of filling of the respiratory bag 5.

The decrease in the volume of the breathing bag, in turn, weakens the tension of the flexible connection 13 and the control valve 12 begins to close, thereby directing the flow of exhaled air through the regenerative cartridge 5. Thus, while regulating the flow of exhaled SDS through the regenerative cartridge, according to the degree of filling of the breathing bag provides effective cleaning of the inhaled air of carbon dioxide, since breathing air passes additionally through chemisorbent with a small hydraulic Kim resistance.

During the operation of the GDS apparatus on inspiration, it constantly passes through the absorption unit, regardless of the distribution of flows, while providing additional purification of the inhaled GDS from carbon dioxide. The supply of oxygen to the breathing bag is regulated by the degree of filling of the breathing bag, that is, the supply of oxygen for a person to the breathing circuit is regulated by the need for it, and the amount of oxygen released is determined including the ratio of the hydraulic resistance of the regenerative cartridge and the absorption unit, which ensures automatic maintenance of the concentration of GDS (oxygen and carbon dioxide) within specified limits during its operation.

The invention provides an additional increase in the comfort of breathing in the apparatus, ensured by lowering the temperature of the breath, while lowering the resistance to breathing, and providing the main task is to increase its respiratory rate, while the oxygen supply to the respiratory circuit, like that of the known apparatus, is regulated by the need for it.

The proposed design made it possible to quickly replace the spent regenerative cartridge in an atmosphere unsuitable for breathing through the use of three available valves:

- the expiration clan - 3,

- inspiratory valve - 8,

- distribution valve - 12.

They provide, with a residual oxygen evolution from the regenerative cartridge, the replacement of the regenerative cartridge with a new one.

According to the information available to the applicants, the set of essential features of the claimed invention is not known from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed object meets the criterion of "novelty."

The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the invention can be repeatedly used in the manufacture of various modifications of devices with different IDPs for respiratory protection with obtaining a technical result consisting in increasing the IDP and increasing the comfort of work in the apparatus by reducing the respiratory resistance and lowering the temperature of the inhaled GDS, which allows us to conclude that the proposed facility meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Additionally, with the proposed technical solution, it becomes possible to replace the regenerative cartridge, at the end of its work, with a new regenerative cartridge without removing the front part due to the location of the chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance in a breathing bag with a chemisorbent with low hydraulic resistance located on inspiration, which increases device reliability due to a longer evacuation time without interrupting protection.

Claims (2)

1. An insulating breathing apparatus based on chemically bonded oxygen, containing a front part, a regenerative cartridge, a starting device, a valve box, a breathing bag, chemisorbent, inhalation and exhalation hoses, an adjustment device mounted on the exhalation hose, made in the form of an air duct with a distribution valve controlled by a flexible a bond fixed on the side of the breathing bag opposite the valve, characterized in that the chemisorbent is located in the breathing bag and connected in parallel to the exhalation line with the regene ativnost cartridge through regulation device disposed inside the breathing bag, carried in a duct with a control valve connected to a flexible coupling with a breathing bag, wherein the input chemisorbent in the breathing bag is connected in series with the valve inspiratory valve box and the front portion, and an output - with a regenerative cartridge. 2. The insulating breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling with the chemisorbent of the breathing bag is carried out from one to two thirds of the estimated amount of carbon dioxide purification of the regenerative cartridge.

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