RU2508119C1 - HERBAL TREMATOCIDAL DRUG FOR EXCYSTED LARVAE Fasciola hepatica - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to pharmaceutical industry, particularly to using common dandelion herb as a trematocidal drug for excysted larvae Fasciola hepatica.

EFFECT: common dandelion herb is effective as a trematocidal drug for excysted larvae Fasciola hepatica.

2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary parasitology, relates to a plant trematocidal agent.

One of the main directions in the fight against trematodoses is the selection of highly effective, harmless to animals, affordable, cost-effective, environmentally acceptable anthelmintics. It is imperative that anthelmintics can be used by lactating animals. Most requirements for anthelmintics are met by herbal preparations.

Herbal preparations are widely used in veterinary practice for the treatment of nematodoses and cestodoses of animals and birds.

Studies on the effect of certain plants in vitro on invasive larvae of helminths and sexually mature animal parasites showed that immobilization of trichostrongilid larvae occurred after 3-11 hours in fresh juice of garden horseradish, poisonous milestone, sorrel, wild garlic bulbs, bird cherry flowers. - after 4-16 hours; in juice from grass and snowdrop flowers - after 10 and 11-19 hours; in juice from wormwood, pine needles and young bark ate - after 16-20 hours; in juice from fresh birch leaves - after 13 and 15-30 hours; in juice from the bark of young aspen, ripe fruits of mountain ash ordinary - after 20-35 and 34-48 hours, respectively. In a decoction of grass and flowers (taken equally) of Sosnowski hogweed, grass with caraway seeds, cinnamon thyme grass, peppermint horsetail, field horsetail, bitter wormwood flowers, tall elecampane root, poisonous milestone, horse chestnut, and juniper chestnut, seeds of dill garden larvae trichostrongilides were immobilized after 14-24 hours, and died after 18-38 hours, in a decoction of flowers of caraway sand (immortelle), acorns of dentate oak - after 27-36 and 30-52 hours, respectively / 1 /.

It was established that when feeding red clover to pigs 2 kg per day per head for a month with simultaneous grazing of animals on a clover-timothy mixture, their infection with trichocephalus and strongyloids decreases by 66.6%, ascarids - by 28.6%. Feeding pigs with white clover reduces the infection of pigs with trichocephalus by 38.5%, ascarids - by 23.9%. After a monthly feeding of 2 kg per day to his pigs, lupine exempted 28.5% of animals from roundworms and 19.3% of animals from trichocephalus. Feeding pigs 1 kg of spruce needles per day resulted in the release of 35.7% of pigs from roundworms and 33.3% of strongyloids. After a month of feeding the radish at the rate of 1 kg per head, the infection rate of pigs with trichocephalus decreased by 30.7%, ascarids - by 18.1%. When silage from beet tops was introduced to pigs during the month, at the rate of 1 kg per day per head, 25% of the animals were exempted from coccidia with a decrease in the intensity of oocyst excretion by 61.5%. Male fern preparations act on tapeworms. Seeds of common and gymnosperms are used for deworming and parasitic prophylaxis of various cestodes of birds and dogs. Feeding pumpkin fruits to pigs and chickens reduces their invasion by nematodes. Garlic is effectively used for heterocycosis, capillarosis, ascariasis and syngamosis of chickens. Feeding freshly prepared flour from pine needles to piglets at the rate of 3-10 g / kg of live weight 3 times a day for 1-3 months is effective for ascariasis, and for rabbits at the rate of 100-200 g / kg of feed for eimeriosis. Umbrella centaury erythricin alkaloid is effective against many nematodes, and Alantolactone essential oil of elecampane high - against roundworms. Oregano is effective in ascariasis of animals in the form of infusion. Hypericum perforatum is effective in pig nematodoses (esophagostomiasis, ascariasis, trichocephalosis) in the form of infusion (1: 100), which is used after a 12-hour diet at a dose of 0.010 g / kg live weight for 3 days. Common caraway seeds are effective against some animal nematodes (nematodes, ostertagia, trichostrongilides, bunostomy, etc.). Snowdrop is tested in hematosis, bunostomosis, dictiocauliasis, trichocephalosis. Figs have pronounced ascaridocidal properties. Pharmacy chamomile infusion is used for paramphistomatoses of animals, blueberries for nematodoses and cestodoses of silver-black foxes, purified turpentine for strongyloidosis of horses and oxyurosis, wild garlic for chickens ascariasis, infusion of leaves and aspen bark for lactobacillus apesariosa - with eimeriosis of rabbits, willow brooms - with coccidiosis, hematosis, bunostomosis, dictyocauliasis and ruminant trichocephalosis / 2 /.

Ordinary tansy possesses pronounced anthelmintic properties, the infusion of which is effective in case of sheep strongilitis (dose - 3 ml / kg live weight 2 times a day for 3 consecutive days), with cattle teliasis (1: 10-1: 20 at a dose of 50 ml in both eyes under the conjunctival sac twice with an interval of 4 days), with eimeriosis of rabbits (dose - 10 ml), with ascariasis and strongylitis of the gastrointestinal tract of horses and dogs (dose of 0.5 ml / kg body weight for 2 days) , with toxocariasis and toxascaridosis of dogs, cats and fur animals (1: 5 at a dose of 2 ml / kg th mass 1-2 times a day for 3 consecutive days), with fox toxocariasis (1:10 with minced meat at the rate of 3 ml / kg live weight for 3 consecutive days).

Preparations based on wormwood and St. John's wort perforated are effective for parasitoses of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Wormwood herb infusion is prescribed for ascariasis, esophagostomiasis and trichocephalosis of pigs, strongyloidosis, strongyloidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract, moniesiosis of cattle and sheep (1:10 at a dose of 3.5-4.0 ml / kg live weight 2 times a day per day for 3 days in a row), with trichonematosis of horses (1:20 at a dose of 1 ml / kg of live weight 1 time per day for 3 days in a row), with eimeriosis of rabbits (dose of 2 ml per animal 2 times a day), with large boviculosis cattle (1:10 at the rate of 1 liter per animal is applied in a finely dispersed way 2 times with an interval of 12 days ) St. John's wort herb perforated in the form of infusion at a dose of 3-5 ml / kg live weight, tinctures at a dose of 0.5 ml / kg live weight, liquid extract at a dose of 3-5 ml / kg live weight, dry extract at a dose of 20-25 ml / kg of live weight is effective for strictilatosis of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep / 3 /.

As the closest analogue, we consider the extract of the rhizome of male fern. The rhizome contains derivatives of phloroglucin (folic acid and flavaspidic acid), aspidinol, albampidine. In addition to them, essential oils, flavonoids, fatty oils, tannins, bitterness, and starch were found in the plant. The main active principle of rhizome is folic acid, which has the property of muscle poison. It causes paralysis of the muscles of tape helminths (intestinal cestodes, some trematodes, hookworms) and their rejection from the intestinal walls. In this case, parasites do not completely die, they can again stick to the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, along with the drug, a laxative is prescribed. The essential extract from the rhizome of male fern and two preparations obtained from it are known - filicilen and filixan. However, male fern extract is very toxic (side effects: vomiting, diarrhea, weakening of cardiac activity, etc.). The semi-fluid viscous consistency of the drug makes it difficult to accurately dose it for medical purposes, which can lead to poisoning and death of animals. In case of animal poisoning, it is necessary to rinse the stomach (ruminants in ruminants), saline laxatives, mucous membranes and enveloping substances inside, symptomatic treatment. In addition, preparations of male fern are effective against mature forms of fasciol, and parasites in a state that has not developed to the imaginal stage remain alive and continue to adversely affect the body / 4 /.

The main task to be solved by the alleged invention is aimed at expanding the arsenal of the spectrum of drugs with trematocidal action and containing natural components.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of an effective and environmentally friendly preparation using biologically active plant components that has an effect on the excised fasciol larvae located in the digestive tract of the definitive host before their invasion.

The technical result is achieved using the drug from the dried aerial parts of the dandelion pharmacy (medicinal) Taraxacum officinale Wigg ..

Pharmaceutical dandelion (medicinal) Taraxacum officinale Wigg. - sem. Asteraceae. A perennial herb with large, up to 50 cm, basal leaves and a low (15-25 cm) flower-bearing stalk with yellow inflorescence is a single basket. Widely distributed (except for the Far North) in various natural zones of the Russian Federation. Inflorescences and leaves of dandelion contain carbohydrates - sucrose, raffinose, fructose; sesquiterpenoids; triterpenoids; carotenoids - violaxanthin, flavoxanthin, epoxylutein; pheolcarboxylic acids - coffee, n-coumaric, ferulic, vanillic, and others; coumarins; higher aliphatic hydrocarbons; organic acids - tartaric, citric; tannins; flavonoids; lactones; fatty oil containing glycerides of acids - linolenic, lemon balm, palmitic, oleic, linoleic; higher fatty acids - palmitic and others; steroids; nitrogen containing compounds; vitamins - provitamin A; vitamin B ₁ ; vitamin B ₂ ; Vitamin E Vitamin C (19-100 mg%), Vitamin P (30 mg%), macronutrients (iron 6.7 mg per 100 g of fresh leaves), iron salts, potassium salts, phosphorus salts; trace elements (in 100 g of fresh leaves - copper - 1.0 mg, boron - 4.8 mg, nickel - 0.03 mg, manganese - 2.7 mg, molybdenum - 0.5 mg, vanadium - 0.7 mg, tin - 3.0 mg, strontium - 0.9 mg, cadmium - 1.4 mg, zinc - 1.1 mg). The multicomponent chemical composition correlates with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. The biologically active substances of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion have choleretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, laxative, expectorant, sedative, hypnotic, diuretic, diaphoretic. In addition, in the process of studying the activity of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion, antiviral, anti-tuberculosis, fungicidal, nematicidal and anti-carcinogenic properties were also established. It has a lactogenic effect. Honey plant.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

The trematocidal effect of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion on excised fasciol larvae located in the digestive tract of the definitive host before their invasion was studied in experiments on rabbits and cattle gobies.

Example 1. The rabbits of the breed gray giant 4 months of age were divided into two groups: experimental and control 5 animals each. Animals of both groups were infected twice with an interval of 14 days by oral administration of two-month-old F. hepatica adolescari at the rate of 50 ind. per animal. The day before infection, the day of infection and the day after infection, the experimental animals were fed a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion in the form of a large powder (dried raw materials were crushed mechanically to a particle size of 1-3 mm), which was mixed with bran (rye or wheat) in a ratio of 1: 1, was poured with warm water (35-40 ° C) until a wet mash was formed. The daily dose is 50 g per head. Rabbits of the control and experimental group waiting period received helminth-free cereal hay. The duration of the experiment was 72 days (after the first infection) until fascioli reached maturity, and the growth period of trematodes from the second infection was 58 days. The liver for the presence of grown helminths from the excitated F.hepatica larvae subjected to anthelmintic exposure was studied by the method of K.I. Scriabin (1948). For this, the liver, after opening the gallbladder and bile ducts, was cut in layers after 1 cm and kneading with hands in water. After washing in water, the liver pieces were removed, and the precipitate remaining in the cuvette was washed several more times and viewed portionwise in Petri dishes against a dark background. The results are presented in table 1.

Table 1: The effectiveness of the dandelion pharmacy (medicinal) on excised F.hepatica larvae during experimental infection of rabbits Indicators Experienced group Control group after the first infection after the second infection in experience Trematode size, cm 1.4-1.5 0.7-1.0 0.7-1.5 0.7-1.5 The intensity of invasion (II), ind. 7 8 fifteen 34 % AI to control 20.58 23.52 44.12 100.0 Intensivity (IE),% 79.42 76.48 55.88 0

The data in table 1, confirmed the effectiveness of the dandelion pharmacy (drug) protium excised larvae of F.hepatica: the number of trematodes per liver in the experiment is 2.27 times less than in the control. In addition, with repeated use of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion in the case of finding adolescari fasciola vulgaris in the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits, its effectiveness was maintained, as evidenced by the ratio of the number of grown trematodes after the first and second infections.

Example 2. Gobies of black-and-white breed of 5-6 months of age, twice examined for the presence of helminths with a negative result, were divided into 2 groups of 5 animals each: experimental and control. Animals of both groups were infected twice with an interval of 14 days by oral administration of two-month-old F. hepatica adolescari at the rate of 125 ind. per animal. The day before infection, on the day of infection, and the day after infection, the experimental animals were fed the pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion grass at the rate of 3.0 kg per animal per day. The rest of the feed is age-appropriate (concentrates were 50% of the daily diet). The animals of the control group received cereal hay harvested from land plots. Box contents, feeding conditions and watering excluded the possibility of infection of animals with fascioli. The duration of the experiment is 72 days after the first and 58 days after the second infection. The liver for the presence of fasciol was studied by the method of K.I. Scriabin (1948). The results are presented in table 2.

Table 2: The effectiveness of the dandelion pharmacy (medicinal) on the excised F.hepatica larvae during experimental infection of gobies Indicators Experienced group Control group after the first infection after the second infection in experience Trematode size, cm 2.0-2.1 0.5-1.4 0.5-2.1 0.5-2.1 The intensity of invasion (II), ind. 5 5 10 24 % AI to control 20.83 20.83 41.6 100.0 Intensity Efficiency (IE),% 79.1 79.17 58.33 0

The data in table 2 confirmed the effectiveness of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion against excised F. hepatica larvae: the number of trematodes per liver was 2.4 times less in the experiment than in the control. In addition, with the repeated use of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion in the case of the presence of common Fasciola adolescari in the gastrointestinal tract of gobies, its effectiveness was maintained, as evidenced by the ratio of the number of grown trematodes after the first and second infections.

Studies have shown that dandelion pharmacy (medicinal) had a pronounced trematocidal effect on excised F.hepatica larvae located in the digestive tract of the definitive host, which was manifested in a decrease in the number of grown trematodes in the liver.

When studying the toxic properties of a pharmacy (medicinal) dandelion, it was found that concentrations of SK ₁₀ , SK ₅₀ , SK ₁₀₀ allowed it to be assigned to the group of low-toxic substances for mammals, fish and other aquatic organisms, and according to the accumulation coefficient (K _n ), it was not with cumulative properties. Feeding the grass of dandelion pharmacy (medicinal) to dairy cattle provided an increase in milk productivity by 5-8%. Good eatability makes it possible to use it in grasslands of ecosystems on pastures as a highly nutritious fodder plant that improves digestion, increases appetite and enhances lactation, and at the same time as an effective therapeutic additive in feeds with trematocidal properties.

Information sources

1. S.S. Lipnitsky Phytotherapy in veterinary medicine Belarus, 2006, 286 p.

2. A.I. Yatusevich, N.G. Pusher, V.A. Samsanovich, J.V. Vinevets, L.A. Verbitskaya, V.D. Avdashenok, M.P. Sinyakov Medicinal plants in veterinary medicine // Belarusian Agriculture. - 2008. - No. 11 (79). - S. 43-47.

3. M.I. Rabinovich Medicinal plants in veterinary practice. Directory. - M. Agropromizdat, 1987 .-- 288 p.

4. R.V. Kutsin, B.M. Zuzuk Fern male Aspidium filix mas. Sw /// Pharmacist. - 2003. - issue. 6, 7.

Claims (1)

The use of dandelion herb pharmacy (medicinal) Taraxacum officinale Wigg as a trematocidal agent against excised Fasciola hepatica larvae.