RU2506414C1 - Hydromechanical piercing perforator and its operating principle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to drilling and operation of wells, in particular to design of devices for completion of producing strata by piercing perforation. Hydromechanical piercing perforator contains housing and the following components in the housing: at least one hydraulic cylinder, at least one V-shaped pusher, at least one operating tool equipped with at least one end-to-end hydraulic channel and at least one mud jet gun installed so that it can interact with V-shaped pusher and move radially. According to the invention operating tool is made as a puncher located at piston or plunger installed in a chamber; the chamber has hydraulic communication with hydraulic cylinder. Operating principle of the perforator includes delivery of operating fluid to it through tubing string, generation of operating pressure to activate retraction mechanism of the operating tool, retraction of the operating tool and performance of perforation; at that retraction of the operating tool is made by action of operating fluid pressure through rod-piston system to V-shaped pusher and by V-shaped pusher to tool piston or plunger with puncher and under influence exercised to tool piston/ plunger of operating fluid fed under pressure through hydraulic cylinder of the perforator to the operating chamber of tool piston/plunger.

EFFECT: providing high-jetting cleanout for bottom-hole zone right after strata completion, increasing punching force of the perforator, improving its reliability, reducing breakdown rate.

8 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The proposed group of inventions relates to the field of drilling and operation of wells, in particular to the design of piercing perforators for opening productive formations, and can be used in the construction and repair of wells for various purposes.

Known devices for perforating wells by piercing, disclosed in patents RU 2129655 C1, IPC 6 ЕВВ 43/112, 04/27/1999; RU 2355877 C2, IPC Е21В 43/112, 05/20/2009, including a housing, tool pistons with piercing elements - punches with a mechanism for their extension, which is based on the principle of expansion of the liquid when heated and the generation of high pressure applied to the tool pistons, due to what happens the radial movement of the tool pistons and the extension of the punches. Significant disadvantages of such devices are low productivity, insecurity and design complexity, including an electric drive with a heating source. In addition, such designs of perforators exclude the possibility of hydromonitor processing of the bottom-hole formation zone (BHP) immediately after opening the column, which reduces the effectiveness of the opening.

There are a large number of piercing perforating devices, the method of operation of which is based on the extension of the punches with a hydraulic mechanism: RU 2373382 C1, IPC Е21В 43/112, 11/20/2009; RU 2172394 C1, IPC 7 Е21В 43/112, 08/20/2001; RU 2069741 C1, IPC 6 Е21В 43/112, 11/27/1996, RU 2069740 С1, IPC 6 Е21В 43/112, 11/27/1996, RU 2043486 С1, IPC 6 Е21В 43/114, 09/10/1995. The devices include a housing in which a system of chambers, pistons, and rods is supplied that supply the working fluid that enters the perforator through the tubing string to the piston of the punch. Such hydraulic mechanisms often have low breakdown ability. In order to increase the breakdown ability, they can include pressure multipliers, which complicates the design of the devices, increases the cost of their manufacture, while the efficiency and productivity of the devices remain insufficiently high. In addition, when such punchers operate at high pressures, there are problems of tightness of all structural units and accelerated wear of piston sealing elements.

A device for creating perforation channels in the casing of a well according to patent RU 2395671 C1, IPC EV 43/112, 07/27/2010. The device includes a tubular and supporting housing, a cylinder connected to the supporting housing, in which a working piston with a return spring and a wedge pusher is equipped with working cutters that are capable of longitudinal movement relative to the wedge pusher under the action of the supporting housing, a spool mechanism with a housing installed above cylinder, and an additional return spring, and the tubular body is connected to the piston with the possibility of limited longitudinal movement, characterized in that then the cylinder above the support housing is provided with an annular stop inside, the piston has an outer annular protrusion, and a return spring is installed between the outer piston protrusion and the cylinder annular stop, the tubular body is equipped with an abutment above the piston annular protrusion, and an additional return spring is installed between the emphasis and the piston inside the cylinder , while the housing of the spool mechanism is rigidly connected to the tubular body and provided with a valve seat on top and an unpressurized internal stop at the bottom, and the valve is pressed against the seat to rpusa slide mechanism of the internal lock spring, designed to hold a liquid column, acting on the valve at the perforations.

For ease of assembly and disassembly, the connection of the valve body and the tubular body can be made detachable (for example, on threads). The number of cylinders and their corresponding working pistons is selected from the necessary effort to open the casing of the well: the thicker the wall of the casing is, the more cylinders with working pistons must be used. Unauthorized fluid flows in the device are eliminated by seals,

This device does not have the disadvantages characteristic of hydraulic piercing punchers, it has a high piercing ability, sufficient power and effectively opens the column, however, its design does not provide for the possibility of hydromonitor processing of the PPP immediately after opening the column, which significantly reduces the efficiency of opening.

An attempt to offer a more effective device for opening the formations was made in the utility model according to patent RU 115407 U1, IPC ЕВВ 43/114, 04/27/2012. This device is the closest analogue of the invention and is taken as a prototype.

A device for creating perforation channels in a well includes a housing, a wedge with grooves, at least two hydraulic cylinders placed one after the other with connected piston rods, one of which is spring-loaded, and at least two cutters with hydraulic monitors and tool holders placed in grooves of the support and the wedge with the possibility of radial reciprocating movement, the housing is formed by a wedge and the walls of the hydraulic cylinders, the piston rods of which are made with an axial channel communicated by transfer channels with their piston cavities, tubes - with jetting cutters through channels toolholders, support which is connected to the piston-rod, a spring-loaded downwards relative to the hydraulic cylinder.

The disadvantage of the device according to the prototype is the unreliability of the design of the supply of the working fluid in the nozzle. Under operating conditions, there is a high probability of rupture or depressurization of the tubes, as a result of which it will be impossible not only to wash the caverns, but also to open the column, since the working fluid will begin to flow out of the hydraulic cylinders when trying to create a working pressure. This can lead to an emergency in the well.

The objective of the proposed group of inventions is the creation of a highly efficient and reliable design of a hydromechanical piercing puncher and the method of operation of the puncher, ensuring guaranteed opening of the production casing and the possibility of subsequent hydromonitor processing of the PPP in the opening zone.

The proposed group of inventions ensures the achievement of the following technical result:

1. The increase in breakdown force, improving the quality of the opening of the production casing, increasing the productivity of the punch.

2. Improving the efficiency of perforation and improving the hydrodynamic connection with the reservoir due to the guaranteed possibility of hydromonitor processing of the bottomhole formation zone immediately after opening the column.

3. Reducing accidents, improving the reliability of the punch.

The specified technical result is achieved through the use in the piercing puncher of a combined method of pushing out the punches, based on the hydromechanical principle of action: the tool piston or punch plunger is affected by the mechanical force of the wedge pusher, as well as by the hydraulic force of the fluid pressure supplied to the working chamber of the tool piston (plunger).

A hydromechanical piercing punch includes a housing, at least one working hydraulic cylinder, at least one wedge-shaped pusher, at least one working tool provided with at least one through channel and at least one hydraulic monitor, mounted to interact with the wedge pusher and radial displacement.

According to the invention, the working tool is made in the form of a piston with a punch (tool piston) equipped with seals installed in the chamber, or a plunger with a punch (tool plunger) installed in the chamber equipped with seals, and the chamber is made with the possibility of hydraulic communication with the working hydraulic cylinder.

The message of the working chamber of the instrumental piston (plunger) with the hydraulic cylinder can be structurally carried out in various ways.

The camera can communicate with the working hydraulic cylinder through one or more channels made in a wedge-shaped pusher.

The camera can communicate with the working hydraulic cylinder through platforms (flats, chamfers) or grooves made on the outer surface of the wedge pusher.

The camera can communicate with the working hydraulic cylinder through grooves made on the inner surface of the punch body or on the surface of the wedge pusher.

The camera can communicate with the working hydraulic cylinder through one or more channels made in the perforator body.

The wedge pusher of the punch can be equipped with seals, representing a piston.

The cavity of the movement of the wedge pusher can be equipped with seals, and the wedge pusher in this case can be a plunger.

The method of operation of a hydromechanical piercing punch includes feeding the working fluid through the tubing string into the punch, creating working pressure for actuating the mechanism for extending the working tool, extending the working tool, and performing perforation. According to the method according to the invention, the extension of the working tool is effected by the pressure of the working fluid through the piston-rod system on the wedge pusher, and by the wedge pusher on the tool piston (plunger) with a punch, as well as by the action on the tool piston (plunger) of the working fluid supplied under pressure through a perforator hydraulic cylinder into the working chamber of the instrumental piston (plunger).

Due to the execution in the device of the working tool in the form of a piston with a punch or a plunger with a punch (tool piston / plunger), it becomes possible to supply working fluid pressure to the working tool and thereby create additional force aimed at extending the working tool. Due to the implementation of the chamber of the tool piston / plunger with the possibility of hydraulic communication with the working hydraulic cylinder, the working fluid is supplied to the chamber from the hydraulic cylinder to act on the tool piston / plunger. Thus, the proposed design and method of operation of the perforator provide an increased double force to the punch, which is combined, combining the mechanical force of the wedge-pusher and the hydraulic force of the working fluid on the tool piston / plunger. This increases the penetration ability of the punch, improves the quality of the opening of the production string.

In addition, due to the implementation of the chamber of the instrumental piston / plunger with the possibility of hydraulic communication with the working hydraulic cylinder, the supply of working fluid to the hydraulic channel of the hydraulic nozzle is ensured, so that immediately after opening the column, a liquid-crystal processing of the PPP can be carried out, which significantly increases the efficiency of opening.

If the wedge pusher of the perforator is made in the form of a piston or plunger, it is able to perform the function of an additional hydraulic cylinder, thereby increasing the working force supplied to the tool piston / plunger.

The proposed design and method of operation of the device are simple and reliable, which ensures trouble-free operation of the punch.

The inventive device in some possible variants of its execution is presented in figures 1-8:

figure 1 is a device in longitudinal section in a transport position;

figure 2 - device in longitudinal section in the working position;

figa, b - embodiment of the device with channels made in the wedge-shaped pusher;

figa, b - embodiment of the device with platforms (flats) made on the outer surface of the wedge pusher;

figa, b - embodiment of the device with platforms (chamfers) made on the outer surface of the wedge pusher;

figa, b - embodiment of the device with grooves made on the outer surface of the wedge pusher;

figa, b - embodiment of the device with grooves made on the inner surface of the punch body and on the surface of the wedge pusher;

figa, b - embodiment of the device with channels made in the perforator body.

The device according to the invention comprises a housing 1, located in the housing 1, at least one working hydraulic cylinder 2, at least one wedge pusher 3, at least one working tool 4, equipped with at least one through channel 5 and at least one hydraulic monitor 6 The working tool 4 is installed with the possibility of interaction with the wedge pusher 3 and radial movement. The working tool 4 is made in the form of a plunger 7 with a punch 8 (instrumental plunger 7) installed in the chamber 9, the chamber 9 is made with the possibility of hydraulic communication with the working hydraulic cylinder 2.

The communication of the working chamber 9 of the instrumental plunger 7 with the hydraulic cylinder 2 can be carried out by means of channels 10 made in the wedge pusher 3, by means of platforms (flats 11, chamfers 12) or grooves 13 made on the outer surface 14 of the wedge pusher 3, by grooves 15 made on the inner surface 16 of the housing 1 of the perforator or on the surface 14 of the wedge pusher 3, or, for example, through one or more channels 10 made in the housing 1 of the perforator.

The operation of the device is as follows.

The perforator on the tubing string is lowered into the well, the working fluid is fed into the perforator, the working pressure is created to actuate the mechanism for extending the working tool 4. The working tool 4 is extended by the action of the working fluid pressure through the piston-rod system, which includes one or more hydraulic cylinders 2, on the wedge pusher 3, and on the wedge pusher 3 on the tool piston / plunger 7 with a punch 8, as well as the action of the working fluid on the tool piston / plunger 7 Fed under pressure through the gun cylinder 2 to the working chamber 9 of the tool piston / plunger 7. As a result, for tool feed piston / plunger 7 hydromechanical combined force it radially moves, pushing the punch 8, and the column produced autopsy. After that, through the hydraulic nozzle 6 carry out, if necessary, the processing of the PPP.

At the end of the work, the device is brought into the transport position in a known manner, for example, as follows: the working fluid pressure is released, under the action of one or more springs 18, the working hydraulic cylinder 2 and the wedge pusher 3 are moved to their highest position using the T-shaped joint 17 or the dovetin joint tail "wedge pusher 3, moving up, pulls the working tool 4 into the housing, thereby setting it in the transport position.

The punch is raised to the surface or moved to the next perforation interval.

Claims (8)

1. Hydromechanical piercing punch containing a housing, housed in the housing, at least one working hydraulic cylinder, at least one wedge pusher, at least one working tool, equipped with at least one through channel and at least at least one hydraulic monitor installed with the possibility of interaction with the wedge pusher and radial movement, characterized in that the working tool is made in the form of a punch placed on a piston or plunger installed in the chamber, and cam RA is capable of fluid communication with the working cylinder. 2. The hydromechanical piercing punch according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber communicates with the working hydraulic cylinder through one or more channels made in a wedge pusher. 3. The hydromechanical piercing punch according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber communicates with the working hydraulic cylinder through platforms - flats, chamfers or grooves made on the outer surface of the wedge pusher. 4. The hydromechanical piercing punch according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber communicates with the working hydraulic cylinder through grooves made on the inner surface of the punch body or on the surface of the wedge pusher. 5. The hydromechanical piercing hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber communicates with the working hydraulic cylinder through one or more channels made in the body of the hammer. 6. The hydromechanical piercing punch according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge pusher is equipped with seals and is a piston. 7. The hydromechanical piercing punch according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity of the wedge-shaped pusher is equipped with seals, and the wedge-shaped pusher is a plunger. 8. The method of operation of a hydromechanical piercing punch, including the supply of working fluid to the perforator through a tubing string, creating a working pressure for actuating the working tool extension mechanism, working tool extension and perforation, characterized in that the working tool is extended by pressure working fluid through the piston-rod system to the wedge pusher, and the wedge pusher to the instrumental piston or plunger with a breakdown ohm, and the impact on the tool piston / plunger working fluid supplied under pressure through a perforator cylinder in a working chamber of the tool piston / plunger.

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