RU2087685C1 - Method and device for mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production industry. SUBSTANCE: it is used in secondary opening of oil and gas wells and ensures higher inflow of oil and gas. According to method, lowered into well is perforator with chamber, passage forming tool and hydraulic pump. Chamber is made with low-pressure space, hydraulic oil tank, and control valve. Located in low-pressure space is piston-rod pair which creates high-pressure space. Passage forming tool is mounted on working piston. Pressure is initially created in low-pressure space and then is transferred to under-piston space of piston-rod pair. Advance of tool is performed due to displacement of working piston under pressure in high-pressure space. Tool is returned under action of spring and liquid pressure in well. Passage forming tool of piercing type is mounted on working piston. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of oil and gas production, and specifically to the technique of the secondary opening of oil and gas wells.

 Known methods and devices for the secondary opening of oil and gas wells, including the descent of perforating and explosive equipment into the well on a geophysical cable, the detonation of charges in a given zone of the oil and gas reservoir and receiving channels in the column and annulus by a cumulative stream generated from the explosion (see for example, Perforating and explosive equipment (Handbook edited by L.Ya. Frindlyander, M. Nedra, 1990).

 The specified explosive perforation is used all over the world, but in recent years more and more claims have been made against it. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the explosion shakes the column and destroys the cement layer, as a result of which the oil reservoirs are combined with water, impairing oil production and the ecology of water; secondly, the channels obtained in the column during explosive perforation have an insufficient diameter (6-8 mm), especially taking into account the filling of the channels with molten metal.

 These disadvantages are eliminated in another known method and device for perforating oil and gas wells, adopted as a prototype.

 In the known method of mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, a perforator with a chamber, a tool for forming a channel, a hydraulic pump with an engine, create pressure in the chamber, move the tool, form the channel and return the tool (see, for example, R&D report " Noyabrskneftegeofeofizika "on the topic" Improving the efficiency and quality of the secondary opening of productive formations of complex deposits "Noyabrsk, 1989, UDC 550.832 (571.12): 684.3, state registration number 37-89-8 / 2, inv. N 741 and and U.S. Patent N 4226288, M.kl. E 21 D 10/00 07.10.80.g. of which is incorporated in this report).

 A known device for mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells includes a housing with a camera, a cable for lowering the device, a hydraulic pump with an electric motor placed in the housing, a tool for forming a channel, which is a drill that is rotated and moved using hydraulics, a transmission system and a mechanical drive.

 The diameter of the channel obtained during drilling is 12-14 mm, the drilling depth is up to 35 mm.

 The disadvantages of drilling perforations are the small diameter of the channel, its insignificant depth, low productivity, and the absence of deformations of the formation zone around the channel, which play the role of potential volume for expanding the channel due to the removal of formation particles by the flow of oil and gas, which contributes to an increase in the flow of oil and gas.

 The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages by creating a method and device for mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, providing increased productivity of the perforation process, as well as an increase in the influx of oil and gas.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, including the descent into the well on a geophysical cable of a perforator with a chamber, a channel forming tool, a hydraulic pump with an electric motor, creating pressure in the chamber, moving the tool, forming the channel and returning the tool, the chamber of the perforator is performed with a low-pressure department, an accumulating oil tank, a spool, a piston-rod pair, spring-loaded and interconnected, placed in the ka department low pressure measures and forming under the rod a section of the high-pressure chamber, which has a working piston and a channel forming tool placed on the working piston, while the pressure in the chamber creates in its low-pressure section, transfer it to the accumulating oil tank and the piston pair space of the piston the rod through the spool, the movement of the tool is carried out by moving the working piston under pressure in the department of the high-pressure chamber, and the return of the tool is carried out under the action of the spring and pressure Liquids in the well.

 In addition, the goal is achieved by the fact that in the known device for mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, run on a geophysical cable, including a housing with a camera, a hydraulic pump with an electric motor placed in the housing, a hydraulic tool for forming a channel, the camera is made with a low pressure, accumulating oil capacity and a spring-loaded pair of piston rod, placed in the department of the low-pressure chamber and forming under the rod the department of the high-pressure chamber, which has an operating piston, wherein the channel forming tool is made in the form of a piercing piston and placed on the working piston, and the housing is made with channels for communicating with the low pressure chamber department with the accumulating oil reservoir and the high pressure chamber department through the spool.

 A positive effect in the proposed method and device is achieved by the fact that the perforation of the channel in the column is performed with a piercing tool having higher resistance and greater productivity, forming a channel with a diameter of 30-50 mm, a depth of 50 mm, deforming the formation zone around the channel to a depth of 20-30 mm, increasing oil and gas recovery.

 The attached drawing shows a device for mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, which allows to implement the proposed method, where the positions indicate the following: 1 body; 2 chamber (department of the low-pressure chamber); 3 cable; 4 hydraulic pump; 5 electric motor; 6 hydraulic action tool; 7 cumulative oil capacity; 8 - spring; 9 pair piston rod; 10 chamber (high pressure chamber department); 11 working piston; 12 channel for communication of the department of the low-pressure chamber with accumulative oil capacity; 13 channel for communication of the high-pressure chamber department with the low-pressure chamber department; 14 - spool.

 The proposed device, which allows to implement the proposed method, works as follows. The device is lowered into the well on a geophysical cable 3. In a predetermined perforation zone, a geophysical cable 3 is supplied with electric current and the electric motor 5 placed in the housing 1 is turned on. The electric motor 5 rotates the hydraulic pump 4, which pumps oil into the compartment of the low-pressure chamber 2 from the storage oil tank 7 through the spool 14. In the department of the low-pressure chamber 2, pressure is created, the spool 14 is closed and prevents the oil from entering the channel 12 for the department of the low-pressure chamber 2 to communicate with the accumulating oil tank 7. In cut In this case, the oil begins to move the pair of piston rod 9, which compresses the spring 8 with a piston and displaces the oil from the sub-piston space of the low pressure chamber section 2 into the channel 12 and the oil storage tank 7, and the rod compresses the oil in the high pressure chamber section 10, increasing the pressure by several tens of times due to the difference in the diameters of the departments of the low and high pressure chambers.

 Compressed to high pressure, the oil moves the working piston 11 with a piercing type hydraulic tool 6. The tool 6 is inserted into the column and punctures it, while deforming the cement layer and the channel zone of the formation. After the piercing process, the electric motor 5 is turned off. The hydraulic pump 4 stops working, and the pressure in the departments of the chamber 2 and 10 drops to the original. The slide valve 14 opens the oil passage from the compartment of the low-pressure chamber 2 to the oil storage tank 7 through the channel 12. Under the action of the spring 8 and the borehole pressure, the tool 6, the working piston 11 and the piston-rod pair return to their original position. This opens the channel 13 for communication of the department of the high-pressure chamber with the department of the low-pressure chamber and oil is fed to the department of the chamber 10 from the department of the chamber 2, making up for leaks in the working piston 11.

 The proposed method is highly efficient, reliable, providing an increase in the influx of oil and gas.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, including the descent into the well on a geophysical cable perforator with a camera, a channel forming tool, a hydraulic pump with an electric motor, creating pressure in the chamber, moving the tool, forming a channel and returning the tool, characterized in that the punch chamber perform with a low pressure department, an accumulating oil tank, a spool, a piston rod, spring-loaded and connected together by a pair, placed in the department of the low-pressure chamber and the image the section of the high-pressure chamber, which has a working piston and a channel forming tool placed on the working piston, under the rod, while the pressure in the chamber is created in its low-pressure section, it is transferred to the storage oil tank and the under-piston space of the piston-rod pair through the spool , the movement of the tool is carried out by moving the working piston under pressure in the department of the high-pressure chamber, and the return of the tool is carried out under the action of the spring and fluid pressure in the well.  2. Device for mechanical perforation of oil and gas wells, including a housing with a chamber, a cable for lowering the device, a hydraulic pump with an electric motor placed in the housing, a hydraulic tool for forming a channel, characterized in that the chamber is made with a low pressure department, an accumulative oil capacity and a spring-loaded pair of piston rod, placed in the department of the low-pressure chamber and forming under the rod the department of the high-pressure chamber, which has a working piston, while the tool for forming Hovhan channel is designed as a pricking and placed on the working piston and the housing is formed with channels for communicating the low-pressure chamber is separated from the oil accumulation capacity and the pressure chamber through the spool department.