RU2598616C1 - Combined water jet perforator (cwjp) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to drilling and operation of wells. Perforator includes a housing, a plunger, a piston with the possibility of radial movement in the piston chamber, a punch with a central channel, at the output of which there is at least one profiled jet nozzle.

EFFECT: piston chamber can have a closed hydraulic connection with an under-plunger cavity, and the above-plunger cavity communicates with the jet nozzle after mechanical opening of the wall of the casing string.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling and operation of wells, in particular to the design of perforators designed for opening productive formations, and can be used in the construction and repair of wells.

A large number of perforators is known, the mode of action of which is based on the extension of the punch holes with a hydraulic mechanism, in particular US 2015090454 A1, IPC E21B 43/112, 02/02/2015. The device includes a housing in which a system of chambers, pistons, and rods is supplied, supplying the working fluid entering the perforator through the tubing string (tubing) to the punch piston. Such hydraulic mechanisms often have low breakdown ability. To increase the breakdown ability, they can include pressure multipliers, which complicates the design, increases manufacturing costs, but their effectiveness remains low. In addition, when such punchers operate at high pressures, problems arise in ensuring the tightness of the moving structural units and the intensive wear of the sealing elements.

Known piercing perforator according to patent document RU 2539085 C1 (CJSC "SIB TRADE SERVICE", 01/10/15), containing a piston with a rod, a sealing sleeve, a return spring, which is placed on the rod, a punch installed in the case, placed in the housing with the possibility of longitudinal movement with the ability to move in the radial direction. One longitudinal groove is made on the stem, the length of which is greater than the working thickness of the sealing sleeve, the punch is installed in the sealing cuff.

A disadvantage of the known perforator is the complexity of its implementation and the low quality of the formation.

Closest to the alleged invention in terms of technical design and principle of operation is the "Downhole punch-puncher" according to patent RU No. 2211310 C1, IPC E21B 43/112, E21B 29/00, publ. 08/27/2003, which includes a downhole perforator punch, lowered on a working string containing a hydraulic channel for supplying a power-energy carrier fluid from a pump, the cavity of which is hydraulically connected to the working chamber and through the throttle to the borehole space, the rod chamber is also communicated with the space of the well, and between the plunger and the sub installed an auxiliary plunger pair, the components of which are connected respectively with the sub and plunger, and the cavity formed by the specified pair is tsya closed and isolated from the environment.

The main disadvantages of this device is the possibility of an emergency in case of failure to return to the initial (transport) position of the punch due to insufficient force or jamming of the punch in the punched hole in the casing wall; the inability to wash cavities after mechanical opening of the casing string; the inability to control the moment of opening the casing string.

The aim of the invention are:

- increase operational reliability;

- the possibility of hydromonitorous washing up of caverns immediately after the controlled mechanical penetration (opening) of the casing by feeding calibrated sand fraction pipes, including quartz sand, to the working column, which significantly speeds up the perforation process by eliminating “unnecessary” hoisting operations from the technological process ;

- the ability to control the moment of "guaranteed" mechanical penetration (opening) of the casing string (spasmodic pressure drop in the working string of pipes);

- an additional opportunity (except mechanical due to the force of the spring) to return to the original (transport) position by applying pressure to the annulus;

- maintainability of the punch, due to the possibility of replacing the punch, nozzle and other wearing elements;

- increasing operational reliability due to the presence of an oil-filled hydraulically connected closed cavity, including the sub-plunger cavity and the sub-piston cavity;

- the possibility of increasing the mechanical breakdown force by using a differential plunger.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the combined hydraulic hammer drill contains: a housing; plunger; a piston made with the possibility of radial movement in the piston chamber; punch; equipped with a Central channel, and at the output of the specified channel is fixed at least one profiled hydraulic nozzle nozzle - the nozzle, while the piston chamber is made with the possibility of closed hydraulic communication with the sub-plunger cavity, and the plunger cavity communicates with the hydraulic nozzle - nozzle - after mechanical opening of the wall casing string.

In this case, a Laval nozzle is used as a profiled hydraulic monitor nozzle.

In addition, the plunger is equipped with o-rings.

Also, the gaps between the punch and the nozzle are sealed with o-rings.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of operation of a hydromonitor combined perforator, in which the working fluid is supplied to the perforator through a pump pipe string or a flexible pipe string, create a working pressure for radial extension of the piston with a punch and perforate the walls of the casing string, the extension of the piston with the punch is effected by the pressure of the working fluid in the string of pump pipes on the plunger of a closed hydraulic system, including the sub-plunger cavity, connected by the channel with the sub-piston cavity, and after mechanical penetration (opening), the walls of the casing string automatically begin to wash the caverns in the formation.

Thus, in a combined hydraulic hammer drill containing a housing, a plunger, a piston with the possibility of radial movement, equipped with a punch, with a through channel and a hydraulic monitor (nozzle) installed in the punch, the piston chamber is capable of closed hydraulic communication with the sub-plunger cavity, and the supra-plunger cavity is communicated with a hydraulic nozzle (nozzle) immediately after mechanical penetration (opening) of the casing wall, in addition, the working method of the perforator includes a hearth in the working fluid puncher along the pump pipe string or flexible pipe string, creating working pressure for radially extending the piston with the punch and mechanically breaking (opening) the casing wall, the piston with the punch being extended by the action of the working fluid pressure in the pump pipe string or a string of flexible pipes to a plunger of a closed hydraulic system, including a sub-plunger cavity, connected by a channel with a sub-piston cavity, and after mechanical penetration (opening), st APIS casing begins alluvium in cavities opened on the formation in the presence of the sand fraction.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, the design of a hydromonitor combined rotary hammer device (PHMK) has the following structural elements: 1 - a perforator body; 2 - pump pipe; 3 - plunger (differential plunger); 4 - a sealing ring; 5 - return spring; 6 channel; 7 - a piston; 8 - a sealing ring; 9 - punch; 10 - channel of the central punch; 11 - hydraulic nozzle (Laval nozzle); 12 - guide sleeve; 13 - a sealing ring; 15 - channel bypass.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a hydraulic monitor combined rotary hammer in transport position;

FIG. 2 - a longitudinal section of it, but in the working position (mechanical penetration of the casing wall and the washout of the cavity of the exposed formation);

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the PHMK with a differential plunger in the transport position;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of the PHMK with a differential plunger, but in the working position.

According to FIG. 1 PGMK contains a housing 1, mounted on a column of pump pipes or a string of flexible pipes 2. In the upper part of the housing 1 there is a plunger 3 with O-rings 4 and a spring 5 with the possibility of a coaxial longitudinal axis of the housing 1 reciprocating relative to the housing 1. The subplunger cavity is communicated with a radial cavity made in the lower part of the housing 1, channel 6. In the radial cavity there is a piston 7 with a sealing ring 8, while the piston 7 has the ability to radially move in this cavity, and the external, outwardly, the surface of the piston 7 is equipped with a replaceable high-strength punch 9 with a central channel 10, at the outlet of which a profiled hydraulic monitor nozzle (Laval nozzle) is fixed 11. A guide sleeve 12 with sealing rings 13 and 14 is installed at the base of the radial cavity. The central channel 10 is bypassed 15 communicates with the cavity of the pump pipe string or flexible pipe string 2 in the lower position of the plunger 3.

Combined hydraulic perforator works as follows.

On the string of pumping pipes or the string of flexible pipes 2, a combination hydraulic hammer drill comprising a housing 1, a plunger 3, a spring 5, a piston 7 with a punch 9 and a hydraulic nozzle 11, is lowered into the well to a design depth. In this case, all the elements of the perforator are in the initial (transport) position shown in FIG. 1. Upon reaching the design interval, the working fluid is pumped into the pump pipe string or flexible pipe string 2. The pressure of the working fluid, acting on the plunger 3, squeezes the oil from the subplunger cavity of the housing 1 through the channel 6 into the piston cavity of the piston 7. In this case, due to the difference in the cross-sectional areas of the plunger 3 and the piston 7, we obtain a force sufficient to break through the casing wall (not shown ), any material performance. The piston 7 together with the punch 9 extends from the cavity in a radial direction relative to the housing 1. The outer surface of the punch 9 comes into contact with the inner surface of the casing and pierces it, as shown in FIG. 2. At this point, the injection pressure drops abruptly, while the plunger 3 occupies a lower position in the upper cavity of the housing 1, after which the liquid from the cavity of the pump pipes or columns of the flexible pipe 2 along the bypass channel 15, the central channel 10 begins to flow to the hydraulic nozzle 11, fixed on the outer surface of the punch 9. From this moment, the start of the recession of the caverns (not shown) in the opening formation, but with the addition of a calibrated sand fraction. At the end of the reclamation of the caverns, the perforator is transferred to the transport position by depressurizing the wellhead, with the force of the spring 5, the piston 3 moves upward, cutting off the bypass channel 15. In case of insufficient spring force, pressure is applied to the annulus. The fluid pressure returns the piston 7 together with the punch 9 to its original position.

Then you can continue the perforation in the specified interval, without the "extra" hoisting operations.

In the case of using a differential plunger in the design of a perforator, it is possible to obtain an increase in the penetration force of the casing wall due to the difference in the areas of the upper and lower parts of the plunger at the same pressure of the working fluid in the pump pipe string or flexible pipe string.

Thus, this sequence of work of the elements of the punch optimizes the process of opening the casing string, significantly reducing the time of the operation and minimizing the accident rate of the process.

Given the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all and particular features of the invention, proven in the section "prior art" and "Disclosure of the invention", proven in the section "Implementation and industrial implementation of the invention" technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the invention , solving inventive problems and confidently achieving the required technical result when implementing and using the invention, According to the authors, the claimed invention meets the requirements of patentability, requirements for inventions.

The analysis also shows that the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also allow the invention to be implemented in an industrial way.

Claims (7)

1. Combined hydraulic hammer drill, comprising a housing, a plunger, a piston, capable of radial movement in the piston chamber, a punch provided with a central channel, characterized in that at least one profiled hydraulic nozzle is attached to the outlet of the channel — a nozzle, when this piston chamber is made with the possibility of a closed hydraulic communication with the sub-plunger cavity, and the supra-plunger cavity communicates with the nozzle - nozzle after mechanical rytiya casing wall. 2. A perforator according to claim 1, characterized in that a Laval nozzle is used as a profiled jetting nozzle. 3. The drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the plunger is made differential - step. 4. The hammer drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the plunger is equipped with o-rings. 5. The hammer drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps between the punch and the nozzle are sealed with o-rings. 6. The drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps between the nozzle and the piston are sealed with o-rings. 7. The method of operation of a hydromonitor combined perforator, in which the working fluid is fed into the perforator through a string of pump pipes, creates a working pressure for radially extending the piston with the punch and perforating the casing wall, characterized in that the piston with the punch is extended by the action of the working fluid pressure in a column of pumping pipes or a column of flexible pipe to a plunger of a closed hydraulic system including a subplunger cavity connected by a channel with a piston cavity , and after mechanical penetration - opening of the casing wall, they automatically begin to wash the caverns in the formation.

Images