RU2504729C2 - Method and device for firing powder charge in small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: method of firing powder charge in small arms by fuse flame at the strike of hammer consists in initiation of powder charge ob detonator flame, detonator being enclosed in the container to be exploded to fire the main propulsive charge. Proposed device comprises cartridge shell with propulsive charge and bullet and fuse with percussive compound and anvil. Note here that said fuse is press-fitted into closed container filled with initiating powder charge.

EFFECT: higher powder firing rate.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition for hunting, sports, artillery firearms and for shock ignition of a powder charge in cartridges and shells.

In the hunting rifles, for the ignition of the powder charge, a capsule of the Centroboy type (CBO) was used, which is a brass cap, at the bottom of which there is a layer of impact composition covered with foil based on explosive mercury [1]. Since the capsule does not have an anvil, about which the impact composition breaks when the striker is hit, metal sleeves with an anvil in the capsule nest are needed to use it. This complicates and increases the cost of the cartridge. The second drawback of the Centroboy capsule is its low explosion energy, insufficient to ignite modern slowly burning smokeless gunpowders, such as Sokol, Sunar, and Bars.

Known more powerful capsules of the type "Zhevelo" and similar to it KV-21, KV-22, KV-24 [2]. They are a brass case in the form of a glass with an impact composition applied to the bottom, over which an anvil is placed, fixed by rolling the muzzle edge of the case. Capsules of the Zhevelo type provide ignition of smokeless gunpowders used in hunting ammunition. However, even the reinforced version of Zhevelo-M (powerful) does not have the flammable ability necessary for complete combustion in the barrel channel of enhanced charges of slowly burning gunpowders. In addition, the Zhevelo capsule is difficult to manufacture and not reliable enough due to the possibility of displacement of the anvil.

Recently, a simpler and more reliable igniter capsule has been developed, which is a brass cap, similar to that used in the Centroboy capsule, at the bottom of which there is an impact composition sealed with foil or varnish, and a cone-shaped anvil with firing holes is pressed on top of it [3] - prototype . The anvil is held in the casing due to its elastic deformation that occurs during press fitting.

The main disadvantage of the last capsule is that it does not provide complete combustion of smoothly burning smokeless gunpowders in smooth-bore and short-barreled weapons. Such gunpowders, such as 4-7-s-grost B84-2232-85, have increased power and a significantly longer shelf life (50 years compared to 4 years with Sokol) and therefore do not require replacing cartridges every 4-5 years . In addition, this capsule is designed to work at temperatures from -20 to + 50 ° C, while there is a need for shooting and in the range from -20 to -50 ° C.

The main disadvantage of the known capsules associated with the used method of ignition of the powder charge. With deformation of the brisk bottom of the capsule, ignition of the shock composition occurs. The flame from its burning through the ignition holes enters the powder charge and sets fire to a thin adjacent layer of gunpowder. After that, due to thermal conductivity, the combustion reaction extends to the entire charge. The distribution process is quite slow and ranges from tenths to hundreds of millimeters per second for different compositions of gunpowder. The burning rate is highly dependent on pressure [4]. In rifled weapons, where the gas pressure is high and is about 3000 atmospheres, even slowly burning gunpowder has time to burn in the barrel. However, the pressure in smoothbore weapons is much lower (the maximum allowable in hunting rifles of the 12th caliber is 660 atmospheres). A similar situation is in short-barreled artillery weapons, for example in mortars. Therefore, in such weapons, the highest quality, slowly burning gunpowder does not have time to burn in the barrel during the departure of the projectile. To ensure complete combustion of such powders, an increase in pressure and ignition power is necessary.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the ignition of the powder charge.

The problem is solved in that the ignition is carried out in two stages: first, the initiating powder charge ignited by the shock capsule, placed in a closed container, and then the main propellant charge is ignited by the explosion of the container. When a container explodes in a sleeve, high pressure arises and a large thermal energy is released, which leads to accelerated burning of even the slowest burning gunpowders.

The device for implementing the method is a container installed in the capsule socket of the sleeve in the form of a glass, into which the initiating charge of the powder is poured, and a capsule with shock composition and anvil is pressed from the open end.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, which shows a section of a cartridge with a firing device installed in it. Figure 2 shows the dependence of the pressure p in the sleeve on time t for the prototype (curve 1) and the proposed method (curve 2).

A firearm cartridge contains a sleeve 1, inside which a propellant powder charge 2 is buried, and a projectile 3 is inserted from the muzzle side (a shell of a gun, a bullet or a shotgun). The proposed ignition device is pressed into the capsule hole at the bottom of the sleeve 1. The device is a container 4 in the form of a cylindrical glass with a shoulder 5, preventing its failure in the sleeve. The container is stamped from brass foil, plastic or other suitable material. An initiating powder charge 6 is poured into the container 4, and a shock capsule 7 of the Zhevelo type [2] or proposed in the prototype [3] is pressed from the open end, containing a body with impact composition 8 and anvil 9.

The principle of operation of the invention is as follows. A strike of a striker of a weapon creates a dent on the bottom of the capsule and a compression of the shock composition located between the bottom and the tip of the anvil. As a result of compression, the impact composition ignites. Its flame, through the firing holes in the anvil, breaks out into the initiating powder charge 6 and sets it on fire. The burning of the initiating charge causes an increase in pressure in the container 4, which leads to its rupture. The explosion of the container creates in the sleeve 1 high temperature and pressure, as well as a swarm of flying fragments. This leads to the rapid ignition of a large volume of propellant powder charge 6, the expulsion of the projectile 3 and the firing of a weapon.

The proposed two-stage ignition of the powder charge, despite the ignition delay during the explosion of the container t ₁ , gives an earlier shot in comparison with the known ignition from the shock capsule. This is due to the fact that the maximum pressure of the powder gases in the bore is set faster (curves 1 and 2 in figure 2). The rapid achievement of maximum pressure increases the burning rate and ensures the complete combustion of the propellant charge.

The optimal explosion energy of the proposed ignition device for each type of weapon and powder composition is set by selecting the amount and composition of the initiating charge 6, as well as the strength of the container 4. In this case, even the slowest burning gunpowders can be completely burned, including at temperatures below -20 ° C, at an acceptable pressure in the bore.

An additional advantage of the proposed device is that the shock capsule 7 can be the same for different types of firearms - from rifles and rifles to artillery pieces. In particularly powerful guns, a “nesting doll” can be used from several offered containers inserted into each other. Due to lower requirements for the power of the capsule, the amount of impact composition can be reduced several times, which will reduce its destructive effect on the barrel. Non-deficient and harmless substances can be used as impact compounds.

The application of the proposed method and device ignition will allow the use of smooth-bore hunting weapons powerful slow-burning military gunpowder with an order of magnitude longer shelf life. In addition, it becomes possible to revive short-barreled artillery weapons such as mortars and replace them with mortars currently used, the projectile power of which is much lower.

USED DOCUMENTS

1. Directory of the hunter. Smolensk Book Publishing House, 1961, 47-49.

2. GOST 24579-81. Igniter Capsule.

3. Pat. RF №2094752. Claim 1996, publ. 1997.

4. Trofimov V.N. Hunting ammunition and equipment for cartridges for hunting rifles (Reference). Minsk, LLC SLK, 1996, p. 40.

Claims (2)

1. A method of igniting a powder charge in a firearm with a capsule flame when a striker hits it, characterized in that the capsule flame ignites an initiating powder charge in a closed container, and then the main propellant is ignited by the explosion of the container. 2. The device for implementing the ignition method according to claim 1, comprising a sleeve with a propellant powder charge and a projectile, as well as a capsule with an impact composition and anvil inserted into the capsule seat of the sleeve, characterized in that the capsule is pressed into a closed container filled with an initiating powder charge.

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