RU2502884C1 - Automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for thermal machine shaft rpm control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.SUBSTANCE: proposed system comprises thermal machine with load assembly, fuel hardware with fuel feed control element drive, shaft rpm transducer, fuel feed control element position transducer and thermal machine control unit. It comprises also the second driver, second comparator, first, second, third and fourth correctors, first and second multipliers, divider, adder and load assy power variator. Note here that first and second comparators, second driver, first and second multipliers, first, second, third and fourth correctors, divider and adder are incorporated with microprocessor controller including program with mathematical model of shaft rpm PI controller.EFFECT: lower fuel consumption, longer life of thermal machine and decreased harmful emissions.5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building, in particular to automatic systems for regulating the frequency (speed) of rotation of the shafts of power plants (heat engines) with internal combustion engines.

A known speed controller of the shaft of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle [1] is equipped with a speed meter with loads, a spring, a kinematic connection between the loads and the spring, and also a speed setting device. A link with a variable gear ratio controlled by a speed setting device is introduced into the kinematic connection between the loads and the spring. The disadvantage of this speed controller is a decrease in the gain of the meter with a decrease in the set speed. Such a statement is erroneous, since the static and dynamic characteristics and parameters of the controller elements must be selected taking into account the static and dynamic characteristics and parameters of the object for controlling the speed (frequency) ω _{in the} shaft rotation, that is, taking into account the static and dynamic characteristics and parameters of the internal combustion engine and the unit its load. The description does not show the effect of the known speed controller type D50 and the proposed controller on the stability and performance indicators of the automatic control system of the rotational speed of the shaft of the heat engine. However, it is noted that the gain of the meter in the proposed speed controller remains constant and predetermined at all given speeds (for a known speed controller such as D50, it changes 1.8 times). In fact, the constancy of the gain of the meter in the proposed speed controller will lead to a decrease in stability margins, that is, to a deterioration in the quality of work, an automatic control system for the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine.

Known electronic speed controllers for controlling the fuel supply of the high pressure pump [2-7], which show the design options of the actuator.

The closest technical solution is the electronic-mechanical speed controller of the diesel shaft [8]. The regulator is equipped with a proportional electromagnet installed with the possibility of interaction with one of the rails of the fuel pump, a rack position sensor rigidly mounted in the housing, a mechanical centrifugal type diesel engine speed sensor and an electronic control unit.

It contains two main functional parts: an object of regulation (OR) and an automatic regulator (AR). Any AR contains two main functional parts connected in series: the governing body (UO) and the executive-regulating device (IRA). In turn, the IRU contains two main functional parts connected in series: the executive mechanism (IM) and the regulatory body (RO) [10]. The object of regulation of the OR frequency ω _{in the} rotation of the shaft (adjustable φ) is a heat engine and its load unit [11]. The dependences of ω _in (g _c ) or h _p (g _c ) at N = const (called adjusting characteristics) determine the change in the frequency ω _in shaft rotation (adjustable value) depending on the cyclic fuel supply g _c or the position h _p of the fuel supply control at a constant power N of the heat engine. These dependences describe the static characteristics of the heat engine and its load aggregate as an object of controlling the frequency ω _{in the} shaft rotation (of the controlled value φ) according to the regulating effect µ - the cyclic fuel supply g _c or the position h _p of the fuel supply control body at N = const [12].

In automatic controllers of the shaft speed of indirect action, containing as fuel equipment for supplying fuel (control action µ) to the heat engine, the functions of the MI are performed by a pneumatic, hydraulic or electromagnetic drive of high pressure fuel pump rods or nozzle needles [10, 11].

Automatic control systems for the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine, containing well-known speed controllers [usually controllers with a proportional-integral (PI) operation algorithm], do not always work stably and efficiently.

и по внешнему возмущающему воздействию (мощности N тепловой машины) k_λ=(∂ω_в/∂N), а также динамические параметры - постоянные времени по регулирующему воздействию T_µ и по внешнему возмущающему воздействию T_λ - объекта регулирования частоты вращения ω_в вала тепловой машины (двигателя и агрегата его нагрузки) изменяются в широком диапазоне при изменении частоты вращения ω_в (регулируемой величины φ) и мощности N (внешнего возмущающего воздействия λ) (фиг.1.) Зависимости коэффициента передачи k_µ и постоянной времени T_µ тепловой машины (дизельной установки) по регулирующему воздействию µ (подаче топлива в дизельную установку) от мощности N) [13, 14].To change the quality of work of such systems, when setting them up, their dynamic setting parameter is changed — the value of the integration time constant T _and , for which isodromic needles (needle valves) are used. However, such a setting may be optimal for only one mode of operation of the control system. This is because the static parameters are the transmission coefficients for the regulatory effect (fuel supply to the engine g _c or for the movement of the fuel supply element h _p ) k _µ = (∂ω _in / ∂g _c ) or $$k_{\mu }^{\text{'}\text{'}}=(\partial {\omega }_{\mathrm{at}}/\partial g_c)$$

and external perturbations (thermal power N machine) k _λ = (∂ω _in / ∂N), and dynamic parameters - time constants of the regulatory effects of T _μ and external perturbations T _λ - frequency control object _tree rotation ω of a heat engine (engine and its load unit) vary over a wide range with a change in the rotation frequency ω _in (of controlled value φ) and power N (external disturbance λ) (Fig. 1.) Dependences of the transmission coefficient k _µ and the time constant T _µ thermal cars (diesel installation) according to the regulatory effect µ (fuel supply to the diesel installation) from power N) [13, 14].

It is often believed that the heat engine and the aggregate of its load possess the dynamic properties of a typical inertial aperiodic link of the first order [13]. The dependences g _c (h _p ) for high-pressure fuel pumps are linear in nature [12, 14].

The disadvantages of such systems is that the static and dynamic parameters of the object of regulation of the frequency of rotation ω _{in the} shaft of a heat engine having the dynamic properties of an aperiodic link change over a wide range with a change in the frequency of rotation ω _in (of controlled value φ) and power N (external disturbance λ )

The aim of the invention is to provide optimal settings for the automatic shaft speed control system for all modes of operation of the heat engine, which, along with changing the static and dynamic parameters of the control object, automatically change the static and dynamic settings of the speed controller, that is, provide self-adjustment of the control system.

This goal is achieved in an automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for regulating the shaft speed of a heat engine, comprising a heat engine (control object) with a load unit, fuel equipment with a drive (actuator) of a fueling body regulating element (regulatory body), a shaft speed sensor and a position sensor a regulating element of a fuel supply body, a control unit of a heat engine (first setting device). It differs in that it contains a second device, a second device, a correction device, the first one that performs the correction of the regulator's transmission coefficient depending on the current power value and the difference between the set and current power values of the heat engine, and the second one that corrects the regulator's transmission coefficient depending on the current value of the power of the heat engine, the third, performing the operation of integration over time of the output signal (deviation of the measured value of the rotational speed I shaft from a given) comparing device of the first, and the fourth, which changes the controller’s isodrome time depending on the power of the heat engine, the first and second multiplication devices, the division device, the summing device that performs the operation of adding the output signals of the correction device of the first and the division device, the power change device load unit, while comparing the first and second devices, the second setting device, the first multiplication device, performing the operation of multiplying the output signal a shaft speed sensor and a position sensor of a fuel supply regulating member, and a second one performing operations of multiplying the output signals of the second and third correction devices, first, second, third and fourth correction devices, a division device that performs operations of dividing the product of the output signals of the second and third correction devices the output signal of the correction device of the fourth, and the summing device are part of a microprocessor controller containing a program with mathematical the first model of the proportional-integral shaft speed controller, according to which the gear ratio of the controller is automatically changed so that the transmission coefficient of the control system remains constant in all ranges of power change, and the regulator isodrome time automatically changes depending on the power of the heat engine, frequency sensor the rotation of the shaft of the heat engine is connected to the second driver, the first multiplication device and the first comparison device, the floor sensor of the regulating element of the fuel supply body is connected with the actuator, the regulating body, the second comparing device, the first multiplying device, the first multiplying device is connected with the first, second and fourth correction devices, the first comparing device is connected with the first setting device and the first and third correction devices, the device the second multiplication is associated with the correction devices of the second and third, as well as with the division device, which, in turn, is associated with the correction device and fourth, the summing device is connected to the correction device first, the division device and the actuator, and the comparing device the second to the driver second and the device for changing the power of the load unit, which is connected with the heat engine.

This problem is solved in the proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor control system for the rotational speed of the shaft of the heat engine by changing the gear coefficient of the controller k _p when the power N is changed so that the transfer coefficient of the open control system k _pc is equal to k _p · k _op (· k _op is the coefficient control transmission), remained constant at all operating modes of the heat engine and always had the optimum value of k _{pc opt} , that is, a value at which the optimum transition is ensured one process with specified performance indicators of the control system (with minimal relative overshoot ψ and minimum regulation time τ _reg ) (Fig. 2), which shows the dependences of the coefficients k _op , k _p and k _pc on the power of the heat engine N at a constant coefficient k _p (a) and for a constant coefficient k _pc (b)).

The figures show:

figure 1. Dependences of the transfer coefficient k _µ and the time constant T _{µ of the} heat engine (diesel unit) in terms of the regulating effect µ (fuel supply to the diesel unit) on the power N;

figure 2. Dependences of the coefficients k _op , k _p and k _pc on the power of the heat engine N at a constant coefficient k _p (a) and at a constant coefficient k _pc (b);

figure 3. Functional diagram of an automatic self-adjusting microprocessor system for controlling the rotation frequency of the shaft of a heat engine;

figure 4. The dependence of the settings of the PI controller k _µ · k _p = k _pc on the relationship T _and / T _µ ;

figure 5. Schematic diagram of an automatic self-adjusting microprocessor system for controlling the rotation frequency of the shaft of a heat engine

In the proposed control system, when the power N is changed, the dynamic parameter of the regulator setting is changed - the integration time constant (isodrome time) T _and so that for all modes of operation of the heat engine this dynamic parameter has the optimal value of T _{and opt} . Thus, the static parameter k _p and the dynamic parameter T _{and the} PI controller in the proposed control system are functions of the power N: k _p (N) and T _and (N), that is, the PI controller in the proposed control system has variable settings, mutable automatically.

To assess the quality of automatic systems, it is convenient to use the coefficient m, which is called the degree of oscillation of the control system [15]. So, for example, if it is required that in the transition process the amplitude of each subsequent deviation is one tenth of the amplitude of the previous one, then the degree of oscillation should be chosen equal to m = 0.366.

In automatic systems for controlling the frequency of rotation of the shafts of diesel engines, automatic speed controllers with the PI law (algorithm) of operation are often used

Δµ = k _p · φ + (k _p / T _and ) · ∫Δφ · dt

The time constant T _and , the value of which characterizes the degree to which the integral regulator enters into the law of operation of the regulator from the deviation of the controlled variable from the set value in time, is called the isodrome time. In dynamic terms, the PI controller is similar to a combination of two parallel-connected controllers: proportional with the transfer coefficient k _p and integral with the transfer coefficient ε _p = k _p / T _and . In the proposed regulatory system, the law of the controller is described by the dependence

Δµ = k _p (N) · Δφ + [k _p (N) / T _and (N)] · ∫Δφ

The proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for controlling the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine contains the following functional elements (Fig. 3.). Functional diagram of an automatic self-adjusting microprocessor system for regulating the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine) contains an object of regulation 1 (OR) of the rotational speed of the shaft — a heat engine with a load unit; measuring device 2 (ИУ1) of adjustable size φ (ω _в ) - a sensor of the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine; measuring device 3 (IU2) of the regulatory impact µ (g _c ) - a sensor for supplying fuel to the heat engine, the regulatory body 4 (PO); Ro functions are performed by fuel equipment TA; actuator 5 (IM) - drive rails of high pressure fuel pumps or needles of an electromagnetic nozzle (drive fuel equipment PTA); drivers 6 (memory 1) and 7 (memory 2) with output signals x _zu1 and x _zu2, respectively; comparing devices 8 (CS1) and 9 (CS2) with the output signals ΔX _cy1 and Δx _cy2 ; devices 10 (UK1) and 11 (UK2)) of the transmission coefficient correction k _p with output signals X _yк1 and x _ук2 ; device 12 (UK3) for integration over time of the output signal Δx _{cy1 of} device 8 (SU1) and device 13 (UK4) for correcting the integration time constant T _{and the} shaft speed controller with output signals x _yk3 and x _yk4, respectively; multiplication devices 14 (УУ1) and 15 (УУ2) with output signals х _уу1 and х _уу2 ; division device 16 (UD) with the output signal x _beats ; the summation device 17 (US) with the output signal x _mustache ; UIM power change device (pos. 18) of the load unit with the output signal x _wim . Devices SU1 and SU2, ZU2, UK1, UK2, UK3, UK4, UK1, UK2, UD and US are part of the microprocessor controller 19 (IPC). The device ZU1 performs the functions of the control body of the heat engine, the input signal η ₁ ; for memory 1 is the position (PC) of the controller handle. All devices of the system, except the control object, form a microprocessor PI controller with automatically changeable settings (transmission coefficient k _p and integration time constant T _and ).

In the multiplier device UI1, the operation of multiplying the output signals of the devices IU1 and IU2 is performed, as a result of which a signal equivalent to the power of the heat engine is obtained

x _N = x _d1 · x _d2 ,

where x _d1 and x _d2 are the output signals of the sensors ИУ1 and ИУ2.

In the device UK1, the transmission coefficient k _yк1 varies depending on the power signal, as a result of which the dependence of its output signal on the input signal is described by the expression

x _yk1 = k ₁₀ · (x _N ) ⁿ¹ · Δx _cy1 .

In this expression, for the transmission coefficient of the device _UK1 k _yk1 = k ₁₀ · (x _N ) ^{n1, the} values of the coefficient k ₁₀ and exponent n _{1 are} selected such that they provide the required dependence of the transmission coefficient of the speed controller on the power of the heat engine (Fig. 2 (b ), line k _p ).

In the _UK2 device, the transmission coefficient k _uk2 varies depending on the power signal, as a result of which the dependence of its output signal on the input signal is described by the expression

x _yk2 = k ₂₀ · (x _N ) ⁿ² x _N ,

where in the expression for the transmission coefficient of the device _UK2 k _uk2 = k ₂₀ * (x _N ) ^{n2 the} values of the coefficient k ₂₀ and exponent n _{2 are} selected such that they provide the required dependence of the transmission coefficient of the speed controller on the power of the heat engine (Fig. 2 (b ), line k _p ).

In the UK3 device, an integration operation is performed, as a result of which the dependence of its output signal on the input signal is described by the expression

x _yk3 = ∫Δx _su1 · dt.

In the UK4 device, the integration time constant T _and (controller isodrome time) varies depending on the power signal, as a result of which the dependence of its output signal on the input signal is described by the expression

x _yk4 = T _from (x _N ) ⁿ³ x _N ,

where in the expression for the transmission coefficient of the device UK4 k _yk4 = T _from · (x _N ) ^{n3, the} values of the coefficient T _from and exponent n _{3 are} selected such that they provide the required dependence of the speed controller’s isodrome on the power of the heat engine.

In the multiplication device UU2, the operation of multiplying the output signals of the devices UK2 and UK3 is performed, resulting in a signal

x _yy2 = x _yk2 x x _yk3 .

In the division device UD, the operation of dividing the product of the output signals of the devices UK2 and UK3 by the output signal of the device UK4 is performed, resulting in a signal

x _beats = (x _yk2 · x _yk3 ) / x _yk4 .

In the summation device, the operation of adding the output signals of the devices UK1 and UD is performed, as a result of which a signal is obtained

x _us = x _yk1 + x _beats .

The output signal x _us device of the CSS is the output signal of the microprocessor controller of the IPC and the input signal of the actuator MI, which depends not only on the deviation of the controlled variable Δx _cy1 , but also on the integral of this deviation in time. In the proposed control system, these dependencies are changed by the microprocessor controller when the heat of the heat engine changes.

As a result of the action of the microprocessor controller, the law of operation of the microprocessor speed controller of the proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor system for controlling the rotational speed of the shaft of the heat engine, described by the expression

Δg _q = k _pz · (x _N ) ⁿ¹ · Δω _in + [(k _pz · (x _N ) ⁿ¹ / (T _from · (x _N ) ⁿ² ] · ∫Δω _in · dt,

where k _pz and T _from are given basic values of the transmission coefficient and the isodrome time of the proposed microprocessor-based speed controller of the shaft of the heat engine. The value of Δω _is equivalent to the value of Δx _sou1 when Δη ₁ = 0, that is, with a constant value of the reference signal η ₁ .

Transfer function of the closed-loop control system

, $$W_c(p)=(T_{\mathrm{and}}R+\mathrm{one})/({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="00000004.png,00000006.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_2^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="00000004.png,00000006.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2+T_{\mathrm{one}}R+\mathrm{one})$$

,

where T ₁ = [(1 + k _µ · k _p ) / k _µ · k _p ] · T _and T ₂ = (T _and · T _µ ) / (k _µ · k _p ).

The boundary of the region on the plane of the settings k _µ · k _p and T _and the speed controller, inside which the degree of oscillation is not less than the specified value m, is determined from the expression [15]

T _and = (4m ² · k _µ · k _p · T _µ ) / [1 + m ² (1 + k _µ · k _p ) ² ]

or, in particular, for m = 0.366,

_And T _{= 0,475k μ · k p · T} μ / ( 1 + k _μ · k _p) ²

The dependence of the settings of the PI controller k _µ · k _p = k _pc on the relationship T _and / T _µ Hz is shown in Fig.4. The point corresponding to the optimal tuning of the speed controller is located on a curve in the plane of the settings, limiting the region of necessary stability of the control system, with the largest possible gear ratio k _p . Therefore, the optimal values of the settings are determined from the formulas:

k _{p opt} = k _{p max} ; T _{and opt} = 0.475k _µ · k _{p opt} · T _µ / (1 + k _µ · k _{p opt} ) ² .

Thus, the PI speed controller in the proposed control system has the optimal settings: k_µK_{p opt}= 7.5 and T_{and wholesale}/ T_µ= 0.05 (figure 4) [15] for all modes of operation of the heat engine.

The proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for controlling the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine contains the following elements (Fig. 5). load unit 20 (AN) driven by heat engine 1, sensor 2 of the shaft speed of the heat engine, sensor 3 for supplying fuel (displacement h _{p of the} fuel element control element) to the heat engine, control unit 6 (BU) of the heat engine; microprocessor controller 19; drive 5 (PTA) of the regulatory element of the fuel equipment, fuel equipment 4 (TA), the device 18 changes the power of the UIM load unit.

The proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for regulating the rotational speed of the shaft of a heat engine is combined. It provides parametric compensation of the effect of power on the static and dynamic parameters of the heat engine as an object for controlling the shaft speed. If there is information about the static and dynamic characteristics and parameters of the elements of the regulation system, the microprocessor controller, in accordance with the program laid down in it, calculates and changes the system settings in such a way that as a result it has high performance indicators for all operating modes of the heat engine.

The proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for controlling the rotational speed of a shaft of a heat engine works as follows (Figs. 3 and 5). Under the steady-state mode of operation of the control system, the values of all signals of the system elements are constant, and the deviation Δx _cy1 = 0. After increasing the reference signal η ₁ signal appears Δx _cy1 = x -x _{positions M1 D1,} which causes an increase _uk1 signals x, x _uk3 x _N2 x _bpm x _yc, h _them (h _p), g _y, ω x and _{in d1} . An increase in the signal x _d1 leads to a decrease in the signal Δx _cy1 .

After increasing the reference signal η ₁ , the power N of the heat engine also increases in accordance with the characteristic of its loading by the load unit. An increase in the power N, and hence an increase in the signals h _p , x _d2 and g _c , leads to an increase in the signal x _N , which changes the signals x _yk2 , x _yk4 , x _yy2 , x _beats and x _mustache . At Δx _cy1 = 0, a new steady-state operation mode of the control system sets in. Thus, the proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor control system for the rotational speed of the shaft of the heat engine belongs to the class of searchless adaptive automatic control systems [16].

In traction transport machines, for example, in diesel locomotives, the main part of the heat of the heat engine (free power) is spent on power transmission, and a smaller part (up to 15%) - on the drive of auxiliary units (fans, compressors, pumps, etc.), which during the operation of the heat engine vary over a wide range. To use the power not expended on the drive of auxiliary units, in the proposed control system, in the program of operation of the ZU2 device, the required dependence of the fuel supply on the shaft speed of the heat engine g _c (ω _in ) is laid down to ensure that the required load characteristic of the engine is realized by the load unit N (ω _in ) If the specified value of the fuel supply g _{c is} exceeded, at the output of the SU2 device for a given ω _in , a signal Δx _su2 > 0 appears, which leads to a corresponding change in the output signal x _{UIM of the UIM} device and to a decrease in the load aggregate power. When the fuel supply g _{c is} less than the specified value of the fuel supply g _cz , the signal Δx _cy2 <0 appears at the output of the SU2 device for a given ω _in , which leads to a corresponding change in the output signal _{ximf of the UIM} device and to an increase in the power of the load unit. Thus, in this case, the speed control of the shaft of the heat engine is controlled by the fuel supply signal g _c , that is, by the power N, the disturbing effect on the control object. In the proposed system, the frequency of rotation of the shaft of the heat engine is controlled by deviation and perturbation, that is, combined regulation [10], which provides high performance indicators of the proposed regulation system.

Changes to the above signals lead not only to a change in the output signal of the speed controller g _c , but also to corresponding changes in the static k _p and dynamic T _and the settings of the proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor system for controlling the shaft speed of the heat engine.

In the proposed automatic self-adjusting microprocessor control system for the rotational speed of the shaft of the heat engine, a change in the power of the heat engine leads to an automatic change in its settings, which ensures the operation of the control system with high quality indicators for all operating modes of the heat engine. This ensures a reduction in fuel consumption, an increase in the engine life of the heat engine and a reduction in the emission of harmful substances.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the automatic self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for controlling the rotational speed of a shaft of a heat engine contains a heat engine (regulation object) with a load unit, fuel equipment with a drive (actuator) of a fueling body regulating element (regulating body), a shaft speed sensor and the position sensor of the regulatory element of the fuel supply unit, the control unit of the heat engine (first setting device), the setting device second TVO; a second comparison device; multiplication devices first and second; correction devices first, second, third and fourth; division device; summing device; a device for changing the power of the load unit; moreover, comparing the first and second devices, the second setting device, the multiplication devices the first and second; correction devices first, second, third and fourth; the division device and the summation device are part of the microprocessor controller; in the multiplying device, the first operation is the multiplication of the output signals of the shaft speed sensor and the position sensor of the regulating element of the fuel supply unit; in the first correction device, the regulator's transmission coefficient is corrected depending on the current power value and on the difference between the set and current power values of the heat engine; in the second correction device, the regulator transmission coefficient is corrected depending on the current value of the heat of the heat engine; in the third correction device, the time integration operation of the output signal (deviation of the measured value of the shaft rotation frequency from the predetermined) of the comparator of the first is performed; in the fourth correction device, the time of the isodrome of the controller varies depending on the power of the heat engine; in the second multiplication device, the operation of multiplying the output signals of the correction devices of the second and third is performed; in the division device, the operation of dividing the product of the output signals of the correction devices of the second and third by the output signal of the correction device of the fourth is performed; in the summing device, the operation of adding the output signals of the correction device of the first and the division device is performed; wherein the rotational speed sensor of the shaft of the heat engine is connected to the second driver, the first multiplier and the first device; the position sensor of the regulating element of the fuel supply unit is connected with an actuator, a regulating body, a second comparing device, a first multiplication device; the first multiplication device is associated with the correction devices of the first, second and fourth; the comparator is first connected to the driver first and the correction devices first and third; the second multiplication device is connected to the second and third correction devices, as well as to the division device, which, in turn, is connected to the fourth correction device; the summing device is connected with the correction device first, the division device and the actuator, and the comparing device the second - with the driver second and the device for changing the power of the load unit, which is connected with the heat engine; the microprocessor controller contains a program with a mathematical model of a proportional-integral shaft speed controller, in accordance with this program, the gear ratio of the controller is automatically changed so that the transmission coefficient of the control system remains constant in all ranges of power change, and the controller isodrom time automatically changes depending on power of the heat engine.

List of used literature

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Claims (1)

An automatic, self-adjusting microprocessor-based system for regulating the shaft speed of a heat engine, comprising a heat engine (control object) with a load unit, fuel equipment with a drive (actuator) of a fuel element of a fuel supply body (regulatory body), a shaft speed sensor and a position sensor of a fuel supply body control element , the control unit of the heat engine (master device first), characterized in that it contains the master device second, cf second blowing device, correction device first, performing correction of the regulator transmission coefficient depending on the current power value and on the difference between the set and current values of the heat of the heat engine, second, performing correction of the regulator transmission coefficient depending on the current power value of the heat engine, third, performing the operation integration over time of the output signal (deviation of the measured value of the shaft rotation frequency from the set) of the comparator of the first and fourth the one that changes the controller’s isodrome time depending on the power of the heat engine, the first and second multiplication devices, the division device, the summation device that performs the operation of adding the output signals of the correction device of the first and the division device, the device for changing the power of the load unit, while comparing the first and second devices setting the second device, the multiplication device is the first one, performing operations of multiplying the output signals of the shaft speed sensor and the position sensor by adjusting its element of the fuel supply body, and the second, performing operations of multiplying the output signals of the correction devices of the second and third, correction devices first, second, third and fourth, the division device, performing operations of dividing the product of the output signals of the correction devices of the second and third to the output signal of the correction device of the fourth, and the summing device are part of a microprocessor controller containing a program with a mathematical model of the proportional-integral frequency controller shaft rotation, in accordance with which the regulator’s gear ratio is automatically changed so that the regulator’s transmission coefficient remains constant in all ranges of power change, and the regulator’s isodrome time automatically changes depending on the power of the heat engine, the speed sensor of the shaft of the heat engine is connected to the master the second device, the multiplication device first and the comparing device first, the position sensor of the regulatory element of the fuel supply unit is connected with by a filling mechanism, a regulating body, a second comparison device, a first multiplication device, the first multiplication device is connected to the correction devices first, second and fourth, the first comparison device is connected to the driver first and third correction devices, the second multiplication device is connected to the second correction devices and the third, as well as with the division device, which, in turn, is connected with the correction device fourth, the summation device is connected with the device projections of the first dividing unit and the actuator, and the second comparator device - with the master device and the second device changes the load power unit, which is associated with a heat engine.

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