RU2501548C1 - Method for increasing milk producing ability in cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary medicine, and may be used for increasing milk producing ability and improving milk quality in the cows kept in the heavy metal contaminated territories. For the purpose of increasing the milk producing ability, the cows are fed up with the probiotic EM-Vita 9.5-10.5 ml/head once a day for 9-11 days, every 6-8 days; the regimen is repeated for three times and added with 2.5-3% chitosan 1.9-2.1 ml/kg of body weight 2 times a day for 9-11 days every 6-8 days. The invention provides increasing a daily average milk yield by 19.2, casein - by 18.82, total protein - by 16.52, fat - by 12.13 and lactose - by 23.16%, and improves the ruminal digestion values: pH increase by 3.92%, volatile fatty acids by 33.64%, infusoria count by 80.71%.

EFFECT: economical effectiveness of the method makes 9,31 roubles to one rouble of the expenses.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used to increase milk production of cows kept in ecologically unfavorable territories.

There are a large number of ways to increase the milk productivity of cows kept in technologically polluted areas, involving the use of various means: Bacell, Cellobacterin S, Baikal EM-1, Biocorm Pioneer, B1-U (Urga) .

There is a method of increasing cow yields and reducing SOMO in milk by using Bacella, which is a probiotic consisting of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis, acidophilic bacteria Ruminococcus albus, sunflower meal, skim milk, water. 1 g of probiotic supplement contains at least 1 × 10 ⁸ CFU of bacteria of each species. The introduction of a probiotic in the diet of cows at a dose of 50 g / goal per day for a month contributes to the reduction of SOMO from 1 million cells / cm ³ to 240 thousand cells / cm ³ . The disadvantage of this method is the continuous use of a probiotic in the diet of cows, which leads to high financial costs when acquiring this probiotic [3].

A known method of increasing the milk productivity of cows in the area of technogenesis by applying the probiotic "Cellobacterin S", consisting of a strain of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at a dose of 10 g / goal, per day for a month with food. Probiotic promotes an increase in protein by 9.2%, fat - by 11.6% and milk yield, but by 3.9-4.3%, which indicates the insufficient effectiveness of the action of the probiotic on the milk productivity of cows [2].

There is a method of increasing milk productivity by introducing a liquid probiotic "Baikal EM-1" in the diet of cows at a dose of 50 ml / goal per day for 30 days in a mixture with grain concentrates. Probiotic helps increase milk yield by 24.1%, increase the total protein content in animal serum by 18.2%, reduce glucose by 13.5% and cholesterol by 12.0%. However, this method is time-consuming in preparation for feeding, as it requires an individual giving of the drug to the animal [4].

A known method of increasing milk productivity by applying the probiotic "Biocorm Pioneer" by drinking with drinking water once a day for a month at a dose of 15 mg / kg "Pioneer Biocorm" is a combination of lyophilized cultures of two strains of Bacillus subtilis. Probiotic helps increase milk yield by 8.79%, mass fraction of fat by 1.43 and protein - by 1.28%. However, an increase in milk production was noted only after 4 months from the moment of feeding the drug, this significantly reduces the economic efficiency of the drug, as it requires additional costs for its purchase [5].

There is a method of increasing the milk productivity of cows using the microbiological preparation "B1-U" (Urga) based on lactobacilli and propionic acid bacteria by adding the drug to drinking water at the rate of 50 ml per head per day. Probiotic helps increase the mass fraction of milk fat by 8.73%, protein - by 6.98, lactose - by 4.41 and milk yield, but by 5.1%, which indicates a low effectiveness of the drug to increase the milk productivity of cows [ one].

The closest analogue is a method of increasing the milk productivity of cows by introducing the probiotic “EM-Vita” into the diet at a dose of 15 ml / goal once a day for 10 days with an interval of 7 days and a triple repetition of the course. This drug was used to increase milk productivity and milk quality of cows kept in territories with a satisfactory environmental background. However, under the conditions of complex technogenic pollution of territories with heavy metals, the effect of the use of EM-Vit is insufficient. The aim of the invention was to develop an effective way to increase milk productivity and the quality of cow's milk.

This goal is achieved by the fact that cows kept in ecologically difficult areas contaminated with heavy metals are given with food probiotic “EM-Vita” at a dose of 9.5-10.5 ml / goal, once a day for 9-11 days , with an interval of 6-8 days and the prescription of the drug is repeated three times, in addition to this, a 2.5-3% solution of chitosan is administered at a dose of 1.9-2.1 ml / kg body weight 2 times a day for 9- 11 days with an interval of 6-8 days.

A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with the prototype shows that the method differs from the known one in that in addition to the probiotic, a 2.5-3% solution of chitosan with a molecular weight of 120 kDa and a degree of diacetylation of 81% at a dose of 2-2.5 ml / kg live is administered mass 2 times a day, for 9-11 days with an interval of 6-8 days.

Thus, the claimed method meets the criterion of "novelty." Comparison of the proposed method not only with the prototype, but also with other solutions in this area revealed the signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the known, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

The material used is the probiotic EM-Vita in combination with chitosan. Apply a probiotic obtained in the production environment of Bioprogress CJSC VNIIiTIBP Shchelkovo, Moscow Region. "EM-Vita" consists of a mixture of strains of Laktobacillus plantarum 376 B, Lactobacillus casei MDP-1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, molasses and water. 1 cm ³ contains at least 1 × 10 ⁷ CFU (colony forming units) of lactic acid bacteria and 1 × 10 ⁴ CFU of yeast. Apply at a dose of 9.5-10.5 ml / goal, once a day with food for 9-11 days, after 6-8 days, the administration is repeated three times according to the above scheme. Chitosan is drunk in the form of a 2.5-3% solution at a dose of 2-2.5 ml / kg of live weight daily 2 times a day for 9-11 days, with the course being repeated after a 6-8 day break.

The probiotic EM-Vita was developed by the Japanese scientist Dr. Teruo Higa. He created a comprehensive microbiological preparation, which includes beneficial microorganisms, including those that have long been used in the food industry.

The drug "EM-Vita" normalizes the microflora, animal rumen, helping to improve the digestibility of feed. The microorganisms included in the composition have an antagonistic effect against the simplest pathogenic and putrefactive microflora. Increases immunity, improves the appearance and health of animals, increases their reproductive ability.

Chitosan is a derivative of chitin, a product of animal origin derived from shellfish. Chitosan aminopolysaccharide, which has a range of unique physicochemical properties and biological activity, is currently of interest to specialists in various fields and has prospects for widespread use, including in veterinary medicine.

Chitosan is a polysaccharide biopolymer designed to protect living organisms from harmful effects. It is adapted to nature, so its use does not cause rejection by living organisms.

All of the above served as the basis for testing the probiotic EM-Vita in combination with chitosan as drugs that increase the milk productivity of cows and the quality of milk in technologically polluted areas.

Execution example. To implement the proposed method, an experiment was conducted on the basis of Zaozernoye LLC of the Varna region of the Chelyabinsk region. The experiment was carried out on 30 cows of black-motley breed, selected according to the principle of analogues, live weight of 450-500 kg, 3 lactations. According to the principle of analogues, cows were divided into 3 groups. Feeding and caring for animals were similar. Zaozernoye LLC is located in an ecologically unfavorable zone of the Southern Urals, where an abnormal content of heavy metals in the environment occurs, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The content of salts of heavy metals in the environment of LLC “Zaozernoe” (X ± Sx, n = 10) Element The soil Water Stern Actual Content MPC * Actual Content MPC * Actual Content MPC * Fe 1972.06 ± 85.14 420.0 2.34 ± 0.12 0.30 220.05 ± 4.25 100.0-200.0 Ni 115.13 ± 2.15 50,0 0.15 ± 0.001 0.10 6.21 ± 0.85 1.0-3.0 With 12.95 ± 0.32 50,0 0.04 ± 0.001 0.10 0.48 ± 0.11 1.0-2.0 Cu 25.07 ± 1.01 100.0 1.43 ± 0.10 1,0 18.24 ± 0.232 30.0-100.0 Zn 60.12 ± 1.02 100.0 3.07 ± 0.001 5,0 34.70 ± 0.42 50.0-100.0 Pb 43.42 ± 2.05 32,0 0.04 ± 0.001 0,03 8.24 ± 0.36 5,0 Mn 2500.01 ± 95.14 1000,0 0.21 ± 0.001 0.1 240.42 ± 1.21 1000,0 Cd 6.75 ± 0.17 3.0 0.022 ± 0.001 0.001 0.55 ± 0.01 0.3 Note: ^* - according to V.V. Kovalsky

In soil, the MPC values are 4.7 times higher in iron; nickel and cadmium - 2.3; lead - 1.4; for manganese - 2.5 times.

In water, the iron content is 8 times higher than the MPC; nickel, copper, lead - in 1.5; manganese and cadmium - 2 times.

In feed, MPC values are exceeded by 2 times for nickel; lead - in 1.6; for cadmium - 1.8 times.

During the experiment, the first group of animals served as a control; it was used to judge the state of milk productivity and the quality of the milk of cows kept in technologically polluted areas.

The cows of the second group were given the probiotic “EM-Vita” at a dose of 9.5-10.5 ml / goal per day in a mixture with food for 9-11 days, with the course being repeated after a break of 6-8 days, three times.

The cows of the third group were given the probiotic “EM-Vita” at a dose of 9.5-10.5 ml / goal once a day with food for 9-11 days with a repeat of the course after 6-8 days of break and chitosan was fed in the form of 2, 5-3% solution in a dose of 1.9-2.1 ml / kg of live weight 2 times a day for 9-11 days with a repeat of the course after 6-8 days of a break, three times.

The data obtained are presented in tables 2-3.

table 2 The chemical composition of cow's milk with the use of “EM-Vit” and “EM-Vit” + chitosan (X ± Sx, n = 10) Indicator Group Background Research days The 20th 40th 60th Dry matter% one 11.99 ± 0.16 12.13 ± 0.21 12.08 ± 0.19 12.10 ± 0.20 2 12.00 ± 0.14 12.28 ± 0.22 ^* 12.35 ± 0.13 12.44 ± 0.18 3 12.06 ± 0.18 12.33 ± 0.16 12.41 ± 0.14 ^*** 12.73 ± 0.19 ^* including SOMO,% one 8.49 ± 0.17 8.55 ± 0.12 ^*** 8.63 ± 0.16 ^* 8.61 ± 0.18 ^** 2 8.53 ± 0.14 8.56 ± 0.19 ^** 8.79 ± 0.14 8.83 ± 0.20 3 8.36 ± 0.18 8.61 ± 0.16 8.63 ± 0.17 ^* 8.84 ± 0.18 Fat% one 3,50 ± 0,10 3.66 ± 0.17 ^*** 3.81 ± 0.13 ^*** 3.71 ± 0.12 2 3,55 ± 0,19 3.72 ± 0.20 3.93 ± 0.13 3.93 ± 0.18 3 3.47 ± 0.12 3.71 ± 0.14 3.83 ± 0.13 ^** 3.89 ± 0.16 ^** Total protein,% one 2.96 ± 0.13 3.20 ± 0.17 3.10 ± 0.12 3.18 ± 0.16 2 3.00 ± 0.17 3.27 ± 0.14 3.41 ± 0.17 3.36 ± 0.20 ^** 3 2.90 ± 0.16 3.25 ± 0.16 ^* 3.35 ± 0.14 ^* 3.38 ± 0.18 * including casein,% one 2,50 ± 0,16 2.51 ± 0.10 2.41 ± 0.17 2.49 ± 0.14 ^*** 2 2.51 ± 0.14 2.54 ± 0.17 2.66 ± 0.18 ^** 2.69 ± 0.18 3 2.43 ± 0.18 2.52 ± 0.14 2.64 ± 0.16 ^** 2.65 ± 0.16 Lactose,% one 4.61 ± 0.13 4.67 ± 0.16 4.68 ± 0.16 ^** 4.68 ± 0.16 2 4.62 ± 0.17 4.72 ± 0.21 4.79 ± 0.12 4.81 ± 0.13 3 4.63 ± 0.12 4.72 ± 0.18 4.83 ± 0.14 4.86 ± 0.18 The average daily milk yield, kg one 15.32 ± 0.35 15.57 ± 0.35 15.73 ± 0.32 14.41 ± 0.42 2 14.34 ± 0.41 ^* 14.46 ± 0.42 ^** 15.52 ± 0.38 16.14 ± 0.41 ^** 3 15.61 ± 0.31 16.67 ± 0.28 ^** 17.32 ± 0.26 18.64 ± 0.38 Note: ^* - p≤0.05; ^** - p≤0.01; ^*** - p≤0.001

Against the background of the use of “EM-Vit” in combination with chitosan, the concentration of total protein in cow’s milk increased by 16.52% (p≤0.05) compared to the background value, while this indicator did not change significantly in the milk of cows of the control group ( in the prototype - by 12.00%).

The use of drugs had an effect on the fat content in the milk of cows of the experimental groups. The most significant increase in the fat content in milk was noted against the background of the combined use of the EM-Vita probiotic and chitosan biopolymer and amounted to 3.89 ± 0.16% (p≤0.01), which exceeded the background by 12.13% (in the prototype - by 10.74%).

Against the background of the use of "EM-Vit" in combination with chitosan, the concentration of casein rises by the end of the experiment compared to the background by 18.82%. The level of casein in the milk of the cows of the control group does not significantly change (in the prototype - by 14.43%).

The level of lactose in cow's milk is increased in comparison with the background by 23.16% (in the prototype - by 19.32%).

The increase in milk of cows treated with the preparations, the content of fat, protein, lactose, influenced the increase in the solids content and SOMO. So, the level of dry matter when using "EM-Vit" in combination with chitosan significantly increases by the end of the observation period by 5.56% (p≤0.05) (in the prototype by 3.67%).

The concentration of dry skim milk residue in the milk of cows on the background of the use of "EM-Vit" in combination with chitosan increased by 5.74% (in the prototype - by 3.52%).

Under the influence of EM-Vit, in combination with chitosan, the average daily milk yield of cows increases. So, the increase in the average daily milk yield, compared with the background value, is 19.21% (p≤0.01) (in the prototype - by 12.58%).

Probiotics are living microorganisms and substances of microbial origin that have a positive effect through the regulation of intestinal microflora, therefore, the probiotic “EM-Vita” in combination with chitosan has a significant effect on the indices of cicatricial digestion (table 3).

Table 3 The concentration of major metabolites in the rumen of cows with the use of "EM-Vit" and "EM-Vit" + chitosan (X ± Sx; n = 10) Indicator Group Background Research days The 20th 40th 60th pH one 6.82 ± 0.12 6.92 ± 0.15 6.88 ± 0.17 6.89 ± 0.13 2 6.84 ± 0.10 6.90 ± 0.13 6.92 ± 0.18 ^** 6.98 ± 0.20 3 6.64 ± 0.15 6.87 ± 0.17 6.89 ± 0.13 6.90 ± 0.10 ^** VFA one 7.51 ± 0.28 7.89 ± 0.11 8.02 ± 0.05 8.15 ± 0.08 2 7.56 ± 0.07 8.01 ± 0.08 8.49 ± 0.11 9.23 ± 0.04 ^** 3 7.49 ± 0.06 8.31 ± 0.10 8.96 ± 0.09 10.01 ± 0.12 ^* The number of ciliates, thousand / ml one 496.52 ± 22.04 500.01 ± 24.12 ^* 520.34 ± 17.21 536.47 ± 19.04 2 503.34 ± 19.37 ^** 696.48 ± 18.22 701.19 ± 22.43 ^** 794.43 ± 16.49 ^*** 3 501.19 ± 15.34 604.17 ± 16.26 ^*** 839.31 ± 21.12 905.68 ± 20.89 ^** Note: ^* - p≤0.05; ^** - p≤0.01; ^*** - p≤0.001

The use of "EM-Vit" in combination with chitosan helped to normalize the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) in the cicatricial content by 3.92%, compared with the background value (in the prototype - by 2.05%).

Against the background of the use of "EM-Vit" with chitosan, the concentration of volatile fatty acids increased by 33.64% against the control group (in the prototype - by 22.09%).

The number of simple microorganisms by the end of the experiment when using EM-Vit in combination with chitosan increased by 80.71% (p≤0.01), compared with the background value (in the prototype - by 57.83%).

Summarizing the established results, we can conclude: the introduction of EM-Vita cows into the feed ration in combination with chitosan has a more pronounced positive effect on indicators characterizing milk production and milk quality, as well as cicatricial digestion.

Thus, the advantage of the claimed method in comparison with the prototype and other proposals in this area can be recommended for use in veterinary practice to increase milk productivity and milk quality of cows contained in areas contaminated with xenobiotics, including heavy metals.

Bibliography:

1. Bely D.S. The effectiveness of a probiotic feed supplement based on lactobacilli and propionic acid bacteria in the diets of full-aged cows and first-calf heifers. Abstract. dis. Cand. biol. sciences. Barnaul, - 2010 .-- 27 p.

2. Laktev G.Yu. The effectiveness of the use of cellobacterin in the diets of dairy cows / G.Yu. Laktev, V.N. Romanov // Effective livestock. - 2009. - No. 2. - S.21-23.

3. Lebedeva I.A. Reducing the level of somatic cells and increasing yields of cows when using the drug "Bacell" / I.A. Lebedev, A.Yu. Valova // Agrarian news. - 2010. - No. 2. - S. 54-55.

4. Surzhina EA Baikal EM-1 in dairy cattle breeding / Agriculture. - 2002. - No. 4. - S.18-19.

5. Fayzullin I.M. Improving the production efficiency and product quality of cattle and pig feed additives. Abstract. dis ... doctor agricultural sciences. Moscow, - 2012 .-- 23 p.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the milk productivity of cows, including the use of the probiotic "EM-Vit", characterized in that the animals are used with food probiotic "EM-Vit" in a dose of 9.5-10.5 ml / goal, once a day for 9- 11 days, with an interval of 6-8 days, the drug administration schedule is repeated three times, in addition to this, a 2.5-3% solution of chitosan with a molecular weight of 120 kDa and a degree of diacetylation of 81% at a dose of 1.9-2 is administered, 1 ml / kg of live weight daily 2 times a day for 9-11 days with an interval of 6-8 days, three times.