RU2496983C1 - Method to restore mined pits for construction of cemetery - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method includes filling of the mined space to the border of the upper level of ground water with construction wastes, arrangement of the drainage layer with construction wastes, formation of a hill in the centre of the pit by dumping of stripping rocks with subsequent terracing of hill slopes and arrangement of places for burial of remains, at the same time underground tomb structures are arranged on terraces, being designed for several graves, besides, each tomb structure is made with hydraulic insulation, drainage system, drainage and ventilation systems, at the same time the ventilation system is additionally equipped with a separate air duct installed with an angle of inclination of not more than 35 degrees and made in the form of a hollow vertical channel filled with stems of cane located in the ground in close proximity from the tomb structure with the possibility to connect each subsequent grace to it in the tomb structure.

EFFECT: reduced labour costs and costs of recovery works, rational usage of land.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technical reclamation of quarries remaining after the extraction of building stone and other surface minerals.

There is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open pit mining [1], selected as a prototype, including separate excavation, movement and storage of soil layer and overburden in separate tape dumps, development of a quarry field, laying of worked out space to the boundary of the upper groundwater level with construction waste which are close in composition to natural minerals with different particle sizes, layer by layer, followed by compaction of each layer, preserving sediment sections, They are free of charge, laying the drainage layer with building waste, with a thickness of at least 0.6 meters and with a grain size of 150-200 mm, a layer of fertile soil, the formation of a hill pit in the center through an overburden dump, followed by terracing of the hill slopes and laying on terraces of burial sites.

The disadvantage of this method is the extraction of large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer, which in turn leads to the formation of large areas of disturbed land, to the irrational use of land, increased labor costs and a significant increase in the cost of restoration work.

The proposed technical solution reduces labor costs and the cost of restoration work, and also contributes to the rational use of land.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of restoring the mined quarries, which includes laying the mined space to the boundary of the upper groundwater level with construction waste that is close in composition to natural minerals with different particle sizes, layer by layer with subsequent compaction of each layer, preserving sediment sections representing a geological monument nature, free, laying the drainage layer with construction waste, at least 0.6 meters thick and with a grain size of 150-200 mm, formation in the center of the quarry of the hill by means of overburden dumps with subsequent terracing of the hillsides and the construction of places for burial remains on the terraces, according to the invention, underground crypt constructions for several burials are arranged on the terraces, each crypt construction is made with waterproofing, drainage, drainage and ventilation systems, while the ventilation system is additionally equipped with a separate duct made in the form of a hollow channel filled with reed stems and installed in the soil with an inclination angle of not more than 35 degrees in the immediate vicinity of the crypt structure with the possibility of attaching to each subsequent burial in the skep structure, the upper end of the duct being located on the soil surface of the terrace canvas.

The introduction of this technical solution reduces the cost of restoration work through the use of construction waste resulting from the reconstruction, demolition and repair of buildings and structures, and there is no need to extract large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer. Given the fact that the resulting construction waste is transported to landfills for household and industrial waste, the introduction of this invention will improve the environmental situation. Arrangement of family cryptic underground structures on the terraces will make it possible to eliminate the emerging shortage of land for burial of remains.

The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of this method. The method is as follows.

Initially, planning works are performed on the area of the disturbed site. Sections of deposits of middle Carboniferous age, representing a geological monument of nature for the construction of a museum of the Earth, are determined in the space of the quarry. The average absolute mark (ground level) is set taking into account the feasibility study. Territory planning is carried out with the planned surface giving a slight slope towards a general lowering of the earth's surface. Then they start laying the mined-out space of opencast mine 1, laying down construction waste layer by layer, similar in composition to natural minerals with different sizes of fractions. The laying of construction waste is carried out while keeping sections of deposits representing a geological monument of nature free, with the possibility of access to and observation of them. In this case, each laid layer is compacted by rolling using sealing machines and mechanisms. Layers are laid up to the upper boundary of the groundwater level 2. Then a drainage layer 3 of construction debris is laid, which is close in composition to natural minerals, with a thickness of at least 0.6 meters and a grain size of 150-200 mm. Level it and condense.

Then, starting from the center of quarry 1, dumping is performed into the overburden dump. When the height of the hill 4 in the center of the quarry reaches the average absolute mark, they begin to build terraces 5. After breaking up the site and plowing the furrows that mark the boundaries of future terraces, paths and access roads, a terrace canvas is formed 5. Construction of terraces 5 of a given width, at least seven meters with a transverse slope of up to two degrees, produce using a universal bulldozer. Then, starting from the lower tier of the terraces, retaining walls 6 are arranged around the entire perimeter of the quarry to strengthen terraces 5. Retaining walls 6 prevent soil erosion. Then, a crypt underground structure 7 is arranged on the terraces 5 to create burial places 8. In the crypt underground structures 7, waterproofing works are carried out, drainage, drainage and ventilation systems are made. In the immediate vicinity of the crypt underground structures 7, an additional hollow duct 9 is installed, filled with reed stems, and connected to the first and subsequent burials. In order to prevent the occurrence of stagnant zones in the duct 9, it is installed with an inclination angle of not more than 35 degrees, and its upper end is placed above the soil surface of the terrace 5. The installation of ducts 9 accelerates the mineralization of burials due to air access to the burials. Cylindrical or trihedral stalks of reeds are strong and durable, have a water-repellent effect and provide constant access of air to the graves. In this case, the first burial is carried out to a depth of more than three meters, and the distance from the cover of the last burial to the ground level of the terrace canvas should be at least one meter. Paths, access roads are laid out with natural or artificial stone.

Example. In developed quarries of a cement plant near the city of Podolsk, Moscow Region, sections of deposits of the Moscow tier of the middle section of the coal system, which is a stratotype of the Podolsk horizon, have been uncovered. In order to preserve the historical and scientific value of the stratotype of the Podolsky horizon, laying with construction waste is done while keeping sections of sediments of the Middle Carboniferous age free, with the possibility of access to them, observing them.

Information sources

1. Patent of Russia No. 2448252, cl. Е21С 41/32, BI No. 11, 2012

Claims (1)

A method of restoring mined quarries for building a cemetery, including laying the mined space to the boundary of the upper groundwater level with construction waste that is close in composition to natural minerals with different grain sizes, layer by layer, followed by compaction of each layer, keeping the sediment sections representing the geological monument of nature free , laying of the drainage layer with construction waste not less than 0.6 m thick and with a grain size of 150-200 mm, formation in the center of the quarry x olma through a landfill of overburden rocks with subsequent terracing of the hillsides and the construction of places for burial sites on the terraces, characterized in that underground crypt structures for several burials are arranged on the terraces, and each crypt structure is made with waterproofing, drainage, drainage and ventilation systems, while the ventilation system is additionally equipped with a separate duct installed with an angle of not more than 35 ° and made in the form of a hollow vertically the channel filled reed stems located in the ground in the vicinity of crypt structures connectable thereto in each subsequent burial vaults construction, the upper end of the duct is located on the ground surface web terraces.

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