RU2495682C1 - Method for drug delivery in treating or preventing tobacco smoking and/or respiratory diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to addiction medicine, psychotherapy, and pulmonology. What is used is an electronic cigarette containing a cartridge with a drug and trace amount of mint extract, and a blue light emitter. A monochromatic blue light emitter is actuated with air inhalation through the cigarette. The method enables reducing a dose of the drug administered by the blue light exposure with enhancing the therapeutic efficacy, reducing the requirement of nicotine by actuating the mechanism of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide self-reproduction from the nutrients, having the immune stimulating effect ensured by using blue light, increasing the patient's compliance by simplicity and familiarity of the device in use, eliminating the development of the stress response to smoking drop.

EFFECT: generated drug fine aerosol; when activated, it envelops the affected respiratory areas and arrests the development of vasospasm, and mint extract reduces symptoms of cough and freshens the mouth.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to addiction medicine, psychotherapy, pulmonology.

Smoking exerts its detrimental effect on all body systems and is especially intensified in enclosed spaces and volumes. Recent studies in the United States have shown that out of 1000 smokers, 250 people die from tobacco exposure before they reach the age of 70, and another 250 immediately upon reaching it. In 2000, in developed countries, smoking accounted for 30% of all deaths among men between the ages of 35 and 70. Moreover, the incidence increases by 3 times when smoking in a confined space (for example, in a car). Also, many aromatic chemicals (resins, cokes, gases), some simple chemical compounds (vinyl chloride, chloromethyl ethers), inorganic compounds and substances - lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, have a negative effect on the human body (carcinogenic effect). Especially a lot of these substances are in the atmosphere of large cities and central highways.

However, a special place in human diseases is given to smoking. Oxygen delivery to the heart muscle is severely disrupted due to the blocking of hemoglobin by blood carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke. This leads to damage to the heart, blood vessels. Smoking increases blood pressure, helps increase blood cholesterol, and increases the risk of myocardial infarction by 4-5 times. But most importantly, smoking is a risk factor for respiratory diseases and lung cancer. And this applies both to the smoker himself and to the “passive smoker”, who is in the atmosphere of tobacco smoke.

The main reason for developing lung cancer is smoking. About 80% of patients with this pathology are smokers. Lung cancer gives metastases to organs such as the liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands.

And the biggest threat here is the widespread smoking in our country among children and adolescents. In February 2008, statistics on smoking by children and adolescents by region were published, and it turned out that over 70% of high school students have this bad habit (V. Lykov, “Smoking is not childish,” Trud. No. 554 of March 27, 2008).

Smoking in adolescence is especially dangerous because the body is not yet formed. The addiction affects mental and physical development: smoking children learn worse and get sick more often. Children are more prone to colds, they have reduced immunity. Smoking girls increase the likelihood of menstrual irregularities and infertility.

Smoking in general, at any age, provokes the development of all types of respiratory diseases, and also contributes to dysfunctions of other organs, which leads to a disruption of the body's metabolism and a decrease in its immune system.

Nicotine itself is a poison of plant origin and is produced by the roots of tobacco plants and found in leaves. It is a blocker of n-cholinergic receptors located in the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia of skeletal muscles. In acute poisoning, nausea, vomiting and tachycardia, convulsions and respiratory depression (up to a complete stop) are observed. The lethal dose for humans with oral administration of 50-100 mg (Chemical Encyclopedia, M .; Big Russian Encyclopedia; 1999, TB, p. 1052)

The human body contains nicotine derivatives in the form of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) and its derivative nicotinamide (vitamin PP), they, together with bile acids, are secreted by the liver and take part in digestion, metabolism, regulate the activity of the higher nervous system, and affect processes hematopoiesis, normalize blood cholesterol. But they enter the body from animal plant products (liver, tongue, chicken, coffee, peas, beans, etc.), however, getting into the blood of a person in the form of nicotine, conversion to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide occurs in the liver and pancreas according to " an unplanned biochemical reaction, ”to which the smoker's body begins to adapt, and after a considerable time it is synthesized exclusively from incoming nicotine through the blood. Therefore, it is very difficult for a smoker to quit smoking immediately; headaches, excessive irritability, psychosis, and sometimes suffocation begin to accompany him. This is the body’s response to a new “glitch” in the body’s metabolism. Getting these enzymes from the digestive tract and not getting nicotine from the respiratory system again leads to stress and rearrangement of the body.

The existing methods and means for the prevention of smoking beginners and the treatment of long-term smokers do not allow solving problems at the state and local levels. This is primarily hypnosis, acupuncture and coding. The effectiveness of these methods is low (10-15% of the total number of patients), however, when drinking alcohol, it decreases to 2-3%. Also, caffeine-based homeopathic remedy Koffa, with weaker toxic properties, is a preventative method for smoking. The smoking cessation process is long and costly.

Nicotine patches containing 2-3 mg of nicotine, which is absorbed through the skin into the blood, are also known, but the effect of the application is not great, and it can not be used by pregnant women, due to the risk of intoxication.

Tabex tablets containing the active substance “cytisine” are known from medicines, which, when interacting with receptors in the presence of nicotine, cause symptoms on the basis of an overdose, i.e. emetic effect. Contraindications of this drug include disorders of the cardiovascular system, impaired liver function, renal failure, exacerbation of peptic ulcer. Prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections and respiratory tract diseases currently boils down to vaccination and conservative treatment with antiviral and antibacterial drugs, which in turn have such sets of negative side effects that a person has to choose this method of treatment or “folk” a method that is based on herbal medicine.

The disadvantages of these methods are low efficiency in vaccination of viral diseases and a high probability of diseases from vaccinated infections. All, without exception, drugs have negative side effects that cause disturbances in life-determining organs and the metabolism of the body as a whole.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of delivering an agent (therapeutic agent, prophylactic agent) into the pulmonary system (RF patent 2275900, 05/10/2006). However, both the prototype and other analogues have several disadvantages:

- the use of devices that are not interconnected with the patient’s breathing leads to a decrease in the delivery of the therapeutic mass of the drug to the lungs and the development of local toxic effects;

- the use of several drugs to achieve a synergistic effect often contributes to a deterioration in the fluidity and aerosolization of the administered drugs, which also leads to a decrease in the drug substance delivered to the lungs;

- the complexity of use, which helps to reduce patient compliance.

Solved by the invention, the task is to develop a method of drug delivery, allowing to level these disadvantages.

The technical result achieved is:

- a reduction in the dose of the drug being administered while enhancing the therapeutic effects due to irradiation of the inhaled drugs with blue light,

- reducing the need for nicotine due to the launch of the mechanism of independent reproduction of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide from nutrients entering the body with food;

- immunostimulation through the use of blue light;

- increased patient compliance due to the simplicity and familiarity of the device used, the exclusion of the development of a stress response to smoking cessation.

The method is as follows.

A patient who smokes or quit smoking, with a disease of the respiratory system or in the presence of risk factors for their development, uses an “electronic cigarette”. An “electronic cigarette” contains a drug cartridge and a small amount of mint extract and a blue light emitter. At the moment of inhalation of air through a cigarette, a monochromatic emitter of blue light is turned on. The resulting fine aerosol from the drug, activating, envelops the affected areas of the respiratory system and stops the development of vasospasm, and the mint extract reduces the symptoms of coughing and refreshes the oral cavity. In addition, the procedure distracts from the need for smoking, and also reduces the need for smoking itself.

This is achieved due to the following factors.

1. With a combination of drugs and phototherapy, the effectiveness of the drug increases. The blue light spectrum has a pronounced analgesic effect.

2. The use of a drug in the form of a fine aerosol ensures its rapid delivery to the site of the inflammatory process and its high biochemical activity.

3. The placebo effect causes a restructuring of the body, and it gives an answer to the drug, as well as to the use of nicotine, while not carrying any biochemical changes (VN Druzhinin “Experimental Psychology”; Textbook. - M .: INFRA-MD997 )

4. The proposed method contributes to the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in "smokers", without changing their habits and without leading the smoker's body to a stressful state when smoking is stopped quickly.

Examples of the application of the method. All patients used an “electronic cigarette” for treatment or prophylaxis, containing a drug cartridge and a small amount of mint extract and emitter.

Group 1 - from 20 people, average age 43 years (from 25 to 67 years). Smoking experience is from 12 to 46 years, from 12 to 35 cigarettes are smoked daily. All patients complained of frequent coughing, wheezing when breathing after minor physical exertion, especially immediately after smoking a cigarette.

Group 2 - patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Patients of all groups were selected drugs in liquid form, depending on their diagnosis, etiology of the disease. Medicines were refilled in cartridges, with minor additions of peppermint extract.

At the time of the need for smoking or when the therapeutic effect is necessary, the patient was given an “electronic cigarette” with a cartridge containing the drug and mint extract.

Group 1. After the use of the medicinal product by the claimed method, the intervals of the next need for smoking increased from 20-30 minutes to 40-70 minutes, however, the first 3 days, all patients of group 1 smoked 5-12 cigarettes, on the 4th day there was a significant improvement general condition and the need for smoking decreased significantly (up to 2-3 cigarettes per day), blood pressure returned to normal, pulse 65-80. Against the background of better health for 7-8 days, 12 people voluntarily gave up smoking, but continued the procedure for another 5 days. 8 volunteers reduced smoking to 3-5 cigarettes per day, while continuing the procedure. Nobody smoked at night. By the end of 12 days, 16 people said that they had disappeared coughing, they felt much better, and that they were giving up smoking. 4 patients began to complain of a general malaise and expressed the opinion that when one cigarette was smoked, their condition improved significantly, but they did not intend to abandon the “electronic cigarette” with a medical cartridge. During the study, all patients returned to normal blood pressure and pulse, stopped headaches and sore throat, significantly improved overall health. After 30 days, 17 people stopped smoking, and as a prophylaxis every 2 days they began to use an “electronic cigarette” with a low content of herbal medicine. 3 volunteers reduced their consumption of cigarettes to 3-7 cigarettes per day and did not completely refuse. But instead of outpatient therapy, he developed specialist doctors doses of drugs using "electronic cigarettes" for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma.

Confirmation of the objectivity of the achieved results in patients with respiratory diseases was demonstrated in a group of patients with bronchial asthma and pneumonia.

Group 2. Patients with bronchial asthma (BA) (Table 1).

Table 1 Indicators Patients with asthma, n = 34, receiving LS + SS, n = 15 LS, n = 19 Blood cortisol Baseline 186.8 ± 18.0 195.4 ± 30.3 4-5 day 286.2 ± 20.3 227.8 ± 29.2 10-12 day 432.6 ± 24.5 282.5 ± 31.1 R <0.001 Testosterone ng / dl Baseline 428.6 ± 21.5 440.2 ± 30.2 4-5 day 552.2 ± 25.5 427.8 ± 4.6 10-12 day 580.9 ± 25.8 435.5 ± 3.6 R <0.001 Estradiol, pg / ml Baseline 22.9 ± 0.3 20.4 ± 0.2 4-5 day 25.6 ± 0.5 21.2 ± 0.2 10-12 day 26.8 ± 0.7 22.1 ± 0.2 R <0.05 <0.05 FEV1 / VC Baseline 68.0 ± 1.4 70.4 ± 1.4 4-5 day 72.8 ± 1.2 71.2 ± 0.5 10-12 day 84.5 ± 1.1 74.4 ± 1.4 R <0.05 Pef Baseline 40.5 ± 1.5 37.6 ± 1.5 4-5 day 56.8 ± 1.4 42.5 ± 1.7 10-12 day 85.5 ± 1.2 47.4 ± 1.2 R <0.001 FEV1 Baseline 44.5 ± 3.2 43.6 ± 1.1 4-5 day 71.8 ± 2.5 47.6 ± 0.4 10-12 day 80.8 ± 1.9 53.6 ± 0.6 R <0.05 Abbreviations: LS + SS - drug (with a therapeutic dose reduced by 25% relative to the recommended single dose) and blue light, LS + CS - drug and red light.

Group 3. Patients with pneumonia (table 2).

table 2 The dynamics of the course of pneumonia in patients receiving the drug + blue light (LS + SS), and patients receiving the drug + red light Duration of pathological symptoms (days) Patients LS + SS (n = 41) Patients with drugs + CS (n-20) Shortness of breath 9.63 ± 0.98 ∗∗∗ 14.35 ± 1.01 ∗∗∗ Duration of chest compliance 14.86 ± 0.96 ∗∗∗ 20.15 ± 1.26 ∗∗∗ Attenuation of auscultatory sounds in the lungs 4.33 ± 0.46 5.00 ± 0.85 Duration of wet rales 9.69 ± 0.99 ∗ 12.63 ± 1.54 ∗ Duration of physical changes in the lungs 19.11 ± 0.91 ∗∗ 24.63 ± 1.62 ∗∗ Duration of tracheobronchitis 16.03 ± 0.99 ∗∗∗ 22.38 ± 1.95 ∗∗∗ Pneumonia duration 21.23 ± 1.09 ∗∗∗ 35.53 ± 2.21 ∗∗∗ Duration of oxygen support (mechanical ventilation, oxygen tent, oxygen mask) 26.66 ± 1.44 ∗∗∗ 34.26 ± 2.05 ∗∗∗ Duration of bronchial obstructive syndrome 2.82 ± 0.55 3,50 ± 0,91 X-ray resolution of the course of pneumonia (day of extubation) 17.60 ± 1.22 ∗∗∗ 25.58 ± 2.44 ∗∗∗ Normalization of the acid-base state of the blood (day of extubation) 7.33 ± 0.99 ∗∗ 11.87 ± 1.99 ∗∗ Designations: ∗∗ - p <0.05; ∗∗∗ - p <0.02; ∗ - p <0.001

Claims (1)

A method for drug delivery in the treatment or prevention of tobacco smoking and / or respiratory diseases, comprising the use of an “electronic cigarette” containing a drug cartridge and a small amount of mint extract and a blue light emitter, the monochromatic blue light emitter being turned on when the air is inhaled through the cigarette .