RU2492633C2 - Device for automatic watering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for automatic watering of plants. The device for automatic watering comprises an air chamber (1) and the water storage unit (2) with the inlet end of the drain pipe (5) inserted in it and the outlet end of the suction pipe (4), a drain end of the drain pipe is installed above the level of free surface of the water source (12), the suction end of the suction pipe is lowered into the water source. The air chamber and the water storage unit are spaced, the air chamber is connected with the upper part of the water storage unit through the pipe, in the water storage unit the opening (6) of the inlet end of the drain pipe is located below the opening (7) of the outlet end of the suction pipe, the outer part of the suction pipe is provided with water-air lock, which is a steep section (8), the outer part of the drain pipe is provided with a water-air lock which is a U-shaped bending (9). The air chamber can be made in the form of a decorative element; it can also comprise a thin-walled shell. The lower part of the steep section of the suction pipe can be located below the lower part of the U-shaped bending of the drain pipe.

EFFECT: improvement of reliability of operation and reduction of material consumption of the device.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for root watering of plants. The device is focused on solving the problem of watering mainly ornamental plants with a given daily dose of a wide range with a water intake from an artificial or natural reservoir.

A known installation for automatic watering of plants (USSR author's certificate N 940708, MKI A01G 27/00, publ. 07.07.82).

The installation comprises a feed fluid reservoir with an adjustable dropper, a dispensing tank fixed under the dropper by means of horizontal rotation axles, and a dispensing tank with a piping system, and vertical guides are made on the side walls of the dispensing reservoir, in which rotation axles are placed with the possibility of fixation in various provisions.

The disadvantage of the installation according to this copyright certificate is that the automatic supply of the supply fluid to the irrigation point located above the level of the free surface of the supply fluid is not provided.

Another disadvantage of this analogue is that it is necessary to have a sufficiently small size of the lumen of the tubule of the dropper, which is quickly clogged with salt deposits from the irrigation fluid. In this case, the installation becomes inoperative.

A device for watering plants is known (RF patent No. 2081559, MKI A01G 27/00, publ. 06/20/1997).

SUBSTANCE: device contains a feed fluid reservoir with a dropper and a dose accumulator with a discharge tube located under the dropper, an air chamber is installed in the feed fluid reservoir, the air chamber communicating with the feed fluid reservoir via an opening made in the lower part of its wall and provided with a tube for communication with the atmosphere through the air intake regulator.

The disadvantage of the device according to this patent is that the device does not automatically supply the supply fluid to the irrigation point located above the level of the free surface of the supply fluid.

The closest in technical essence the device (prototype) to the proposed one is the automatic watering system proposed by N.V. Gulia (source of information: Search engine Yandex. SAMOSTROJ.RU - Autowatering and non-return valve. Comment from 12/20/09).

The system contains a barrel partially filled with water, located above the pond with a hole down, the hole is closed by a plug with two hoses (pipelines) in it, both hoses have a valve. One hose is lowered into the pond. This hose has an inlet valve that allows water to only enter the barrel, and the other goes into the greenhouse with cucumbers (connected to the pipe of the water supply system to several points of the irrigation section of the greenhouse). This hose contains an exhaust valve that allows water to only exit the barrel. In this system, a significant volume of the barrel is filled with air (approximately 3/4 of the volume) and a small amount of water. At night, when it is colder than during the day, the air in the barrel is compressed, and water from the water source enters it through the inlet valve. In the afternoon, the air in it warms up, the air expands, and pressure drives water through the exhaust valve into the watering hose. According to these features of the experimental model of the system, the concept of “barrel” is associated with the concept of “airtight air chamber combined with a water store”.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the use of valves containing rubbing surfaces. Due to the deposition of salts and bacterial mucus on the rubbing surfaces of the valves during the intake of water from the reservoir, the device becomes inoperative.

Another disadvantage of the prototype is that the air pressure in the barrel is lower than atmospheric. Rigid and durable barrel walls prevent flattening under pressure from atmospheric air. However, the use of a barrel as an air chamber leads to a large consumption of material necessary for the manufacture of a unit of production.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to provide root watering of plants grown on small land plots, mainly located on the shore of a reservoir, on an artificial floating facility (floating island) or in a container mounted on the surface of the reservoir using floating supports, given a daily allowance a wide range of doses, reducing the consumption of material necessary for the manufacture of a unit of production, increasing the reliability of the device and the secrecy of watering plants, used for decoration of decorative ponds.

The device comprises an air chamber communicating by means of a pipeline and a water storage device located below the air chamber, a suction pipe and a drain pipe. The outlet end of the suction pipe and the inlet end of the drain pipe with the opening of the inlet end of the drain pipe below the opening of the outlet end of the suction pipe are introduced into the water storage tank. The outer part of the suction pipe is equipped with a water-air shutter, which is a steep section. The outer part of the drain pipe is equipped with a water-air lock, which is a U-shaped deflection. A hole in the inlet end of the suction pipe is installed in the water supply source, and a hole in the outlet end of the drain pipe is installed above the level of the water surface of the water supply source.

The inventive device provides a water supply to one point of irrigation. To supply water to several points of the irrigation area, it is necessary to use the inventive device in conjunction with well-known technical means of dispensing and distributing the supplied liquid flow between several irrigation channels.

When using a device for watering plants on the shore of a shallow reservoir, the pipeline through which the air chamber communicates with the water store, the water store, the vertical section of the suction pipe and the U-shaped deflection of the drain pipe are placed underground, for example, in a special box buried flush with the ground.

When using a device for watering plants grown on a floating vehicle installed on the surface of a reservoir, a pipeline through which the air chamber communicates with a water storage tank, a water storage tank, a vertical section of the suction pipe and a U-shaped deflection of the drain pipe are placed under the craft.

The placement of the water storage device when preparing the device for operation below the level of the water supply source leads to the entry of water into its cavity through the suction pipe and, as a result, to a reduction in the range of setting the daily dose of irrigation. To eliminate this drawback, this water (useless ballast) can be forced out of the water reservoir by pumping air into the communicating air chamber and the water reservoir. The sequence of actions aimed at displacing this water by air, in particular, includes: a) deepening of the vertical section of the suction pipe relative to the U-shaped deflection of the drain pipe, in which the height difference between the surface of the water in the water supply and the lower part of the vertical section of the suction pipe exceeds the difference heights between the installation level of the outlet of the drain pipe and the lower part of the U-shaped deflection of the drain pipe; b) pumping air into the communicating air chamber and water storage tank (through the outlet of the drain pipe or through a nipple mounted in the air chamber) until the pressure in the air chamber and water storage tank exceeds the water pressure in the lower part of the U-shaped deflection of the drain pipe. The implementation of these actions leads to the discharge of water from the water reservoir and the release of excess air pressure through the outlet of the drain pipe.

Reducing the consumption of material necessary for the manufacture of a unit of production is ensured by the implementation of the air chamber with a thin-walled shell.

Improving the reliability of the device is ensured by using only fixed components, the performance of which is not disturbed due to deposits of salts and bacterial mucus on them when water is taken from the reservoir.

To mask the device for decorating a decorative reservoir, the air chamber is given the form of a decor element (a watercraft, an elegant figure, an airtight inflatable figure, a group of elegant figures, a stone lying on the shore of a reservoir) and other devices of the device are covertly installed. When developing an air chamber in an inflatable version, considerable attention must be paid to the selection of shell material. The shell must be durable, have good strength characteristics, be water, gas-tight, weather-resistant. The manufacturers of material for inflatable products with such characteristics include, in particular, CJSC Yaroslavl - Rezinotekhnika. Address: 150036, Yaroslavl, st. Spartakovskaya, 1. Inflatable figures for decoration of a holiday, exhibition, presentation, which, in particular, are produced by NPO Aeroecology, can be classified as analogues of an inflatable figure. Address: Moscow, st. Glider, 3, building 3.

The distinguishing features of the prototype from the prototype of the claimed device include: the presence of an air chamber and a water storage device spaced in space, the air chamber cavity communicates with the upper part of the water storage cavity through a pipe, in the water storage hole, the inlet end of the drain pipe is located below the outlet end of the suction pipe pipeline, the outer part of the suction pipe is equipped with a water-air shutter, which is a steep section, the outer part The main pipeline is equipped with a water-air lock, which is a U-shaped deflection.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the device mounted on the surface of the reservoir using a floating support.

The device comprises an air chamber 1, a water accumulator 2, a pipeline 3, through which the chamber 1 cavity communicates with the upper part of the accumulator cavity 2, an elastic suction pipe 4 and an elastic drain pipe 5. The outlet end of the pipeline 4 and the inlet end of the pipeline 5 are introduced into the cavity of the accumulator 2 through holes located in the wall of the bottom of the drive 2, which ensures their fixation in a vertical position with the installation of the inlet 6 of the pipeline 5 at the bottom of the cavity of the drive 2, and the outlet 7 of the pipeline 4 at a predetermined height relative to the opening 6 of the pipeline 5. The pipeline 4 contains a water-air lock in the form of a plumb section 8. The pipe 5 contains a water-air lock in the form of a U-shaped deflection 9, the lower part of which is installed above the lower part of the plumb section 8 of the pipeline 4 The hole 10 of the inlet end of the pipeline 4 is installed in the water supply source, and the hole 11 of the outlet end of the pipeline 5 is higher than the level 12 of the free surface of the water of the water supply source.

Preparation of the device for operation is carried out in the daytime, when the temperature of the air has not yet reached its maximum value. The outlet 7 of the pipeline 4 is fixed at a height h relative to the inlet 6 of the pipeline 5. For the cylinder 2

h = V / S,

where V is the required volume of the daily dose of water discharged to the point of irrigation;

S is the area of the base of the drive 2.

A container 14 with plants, a chamber 1 and a drain end of a pipeline 5 are placed on the floating support 13. Under the floating support 13, there is a pipeline 3 and a storage 2. Below the storage 2, a plumb section 8 of the pipeline 4 and a U-shaped deflection 9 of the pipeline 5. Inlet 10 the end of the pipeline 4 is fixed in the water supply source at a shallow depth, which eliminates the suction of sludge from the bottom, and the water is drained (as burdensome ballast), which entered the reservoir 2 from the water supply source. The discharge procedure consists in pumping air into the accumulator 2 through the opening 11 of the pipeline 5 until the air pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure in the communicating cavities of the accumulator 2 and chamber 1, the pressure of the water column, the maximum height of which should not exceed the height difference between the level 12 of the free surface of the water in the water supply and the lower part of the plumb section 8 of the pipeline 4, and the minimum should be greater than the height difference between the installation level of the hole 11 of the pipeline 5 and the lower part of the deflection 9 of the pipeline 5. The pipeline 5 is disconnected from the pump (not shown in FIG. 1) and through the opening 11 of the pipeline 5, water displaced from the accumulator 2 by the injected air will start to flow out to the drain. After the water is drained, the injected air will enter the atmosphere, the pressure in the communicating cavities of the accumulator 2 and the chamber 1 will decrease, and water will be supplied to the accumulator 2 through the pipe 4 from the water supply source, the expiration of which into the pipe 5 will block the air outlet to the atmosphere and stop the flow of water into drive 2. Then, the outlet end of the pipeline 5 is brought to the point of radical watering of plants through a fixing hole located on the bottom wall of the container 14.

The device operates as follows. The heat exchange of the chamber 1 with the environment leads to a decrease in air temperature in the chamber 1 at night and an increase in the daytime. At night, the air cooling in the chamber 1 is compressed, which leads to air entering the chamber 1 from the accumulator 2, water entering the accumulator 2 through a pipe 4 from a water supply source, and suction of atmospheric air pipe 5 into a U-shaped deflection 9. U-shaped deflection 9 of the pipe 5 turns into a water-air lock, which does not allow atmospheric air to enter the accumulator 2. When the air cooling in the chamber 1 stops, the accumulator 2 will be filled with water to a level exceeding the installation level of the outlet 7 of the pipeline 4. When changing the air temperature in the chamber 1 in the direction of increase will increase the volume of air in the chamber 1, accompanied by the flow of air into the accumulator 2 and the discharge of water from the accumulator 2 into the water supply through pipeline 4. After decreasing in the water level accumulator 2 up to the installation level of the outlet 7 of the pipeline 4, air will enter the hole 7 of the pipeline 4, the plumb section 8 of the pipeline 4 will turn into a water-air lock that does not allow the air to go outside, and the process of discharging a given daily dose of water through the pipeline 5 will begin in the root zone of plants. When the water level in the accumulator 2 drops to the installation level of the inlet 6 of the pipeline 5, the air enters the opening 6 of the pipeline 5, the U-shaped deflection 9 of the pipeline 5 turns into a water-air lock preventing air from escaping, and the discharge of water from the accumulator 2 stops . Thus, the accumulation of water in the tank 2 at night and the discharge of a given dose of water into the root system of plants in the daytime will be automatically repeated.

The device has a simple design and is easy to operate. A wide range of irrigation doses of water is provided. The operation of the device is not affected by the presence of salts and bacterial mucus in the irrigation water. The task of masking an air chamber to decorate a decorative reservoir or its shore and secretive installation of other parts of the device is allowed. According to this technical solution made an experimental sample, the operation of which confirms the above advantages of the claimed device.

Claims (4)

1. A device for automatic irrigation, comprising an air chamber and a water storage device with an inlet end of the drain pipe and an outlet end of the suction pipe inserted therein, the drain end of the drain pipe is set higher than the free surface of the water supply source, the suction end of the suction pipe is lowered into the water supply, characterized in that the air chamber and the water storage are spaced apart in space, the air chamber communicates with the upper part of the water storage using pipelines of water, in the water reservoir, the opening of the inlet end of the drain pipe is located below the hole of the exhaust end of the suction pipe, the outer part of the suction pipe is equipped with a water-air shutter, which is a vertical section, the outer part of the drain pipe is equipped with a water-air shutter, which is a U-shaped deflection. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the steep section of the suction pipe is located below the lower part of the U-shaped deflection of the drain pipe. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air chamber contains a thin-walled shell. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air chamber is given a shape that creates a visual image of the decor element.