RU2490884C2 - Method of artificial reproduction of fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fishery. The method provides for the selection of genital products from breeders and fertilisation of eggs. Incubating the eggs, seasoning and growing of the larvae, their maintenance without food in chilled water in winter period is carried out in the same containers - trays filled with water at a constant water exchange. Before transfer of whitebait the temperature of the water in the trays is adjusted to its level in the pool.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the economic effect of artificial reproduction of fish.

Description

The invention relates to the field of fish farming and is intended for artificial breeding of cold-loving fish, mainly salmon in the regions of their commercial concentration, and can be used in incubation shops of fish breeding enterprises.

Due to the reduction of Pacific salmon fish stocks, the formation of new, artificial salmon populations in numerous small rivers of the Pacific basin now has great potential in the fisheries sector, as it allows the creation and use of an additional commercial stock of valuable fish species.

Pacific salmon are monocyclic fish with single spawning, and the biological characteristics of salmon are such that adult individuals return to spawning (anadromous migration) to the same reservoir from which they left young (catadromous migration) to the sea for feeding. This property of Pacific salmon is called “homing,” or the instinct of a native home, which allows you to create farms on small, specific rivers.

There is a method of creating an artificial commercial-uterine population of Pacific salmon, including the capture of producers, keeping them until ripe, slaughtering producers, collecting milk and caviar, fertilizing eggs. Transporting it from a pond to a salmon hatchery, incubating eggs, tagging, keeping the larvae, starting growing young fish in a salmon fish hatchery, transporting the obtained young to a water tank, adapting and growing young fish in cages, releasing it for feeding in the sea (See RF patent No. 2370028 , IPC A01K 61/00, published October 20, 2009).

The disadvantage of this method is that the transportation of fertilized eggs from a reservoir is carried out at specialized salmon fish hatcheries, in which eggs are incubated, the larvae are kept, and young juveniles are raised under specialized conditions at a certain temperature, which complicates the technology of fish reproduction. After that, the resulting juveniles are transported to the reservoir, which leads to transportation costs. Frequent transplantation of larvae from apparatuses to cages, and then transportation, make the work performed not always expedient, which leads to morbidity and excess waste.

A known method of artificial breeding of cold-loving fish, by cultivation using feed "from eggs" to puberty in cages, replanting wintering fish without food in pools to a level of 3-6 degrees. Before the fish return to the cages, the water temperature is increased at a rate of 2 ° C per day to its level in the water source (See RF patent No. 2357414, IPC A01K 61/00, published October 23, 2007).

This method used the cooling of fish wintering without food in the pools, followed by a temperature increase to its level in the water source. The whole process of growing fish is technologically complex, requires large labor and material costs.

The disadvantage of these methods is the impossibility of their full use in close proximity to places of natural spawning. This technology does not give the choice of the most suitable place for reproduction of fish.

The technical task of the developed invention is to create a method of artificial reproduction of fish with advanced technological capabilities, while obtaining favorable conditions for the development and vital activity of juvenile fish in the early stages of rearing. Using this technology will make it possible to reduce labor and material costs, simplify production processes, and use the complexes for artificial reproduction of fish as efficiently and rationally as possible.

This object is achieved by the fact that with the method of artificial reproduction of fish, including the selection of sex products from producers, fertilization and incubation of eggs, keeping and growing larvae using feed in containers filled with water, cooling the fish wintering without food, followed by raising the temperature to its level water source, then fish transplantation into pools.

According to the invention, the incubation of eggs, keeping the larvae and their further maintenance without food in chilled water during the winter period is carried out in the same containers - trays filled with water with constant water exchange.

The stated set of essential features is unknown neither from the patent, scientific literature, nor from the practice of world fish farming, which characterizes its “novelty” and compliance with the criteria of the invention - “inventive step”.

The claimed solution with its inherent set of essential features ensures the implementation of the objectives of the invention. Hence the conclusion that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability" is legitimate.

The proposed solution has been tested by the applicant in the conditions of industrial production at the fish farm of the Regional Development Authority. The results of this testing are given below.

Work on the implementation of fishing for fish farming, reproduction and acclimatization of aquatic biological resources was carried out in the river basin. Amgun - the left tributary of the river. Amur.

Type of work - artificial reproduction, incl. extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources in order to obtain caviar, milk (sperm) from them, as well as rearing and subsequent release of juvenile aquatic biological resources into water bodies of fishery value.

The work was carried out according to the following plan:

No. Description of work The timing one. Catching, keeping manufacturers of chum salmon. Collection of reproductive products at breeding sites. Delivery of fertilized eggs to incubators of mobile fish breeding modules, placement in incubation apparatus. august-november 2. Incubation of eggs and obtaining one-day larvae august-february 3. Aging larvae. Transition of larvae to mixed nutrition. December-April four. Cultivation of juvenile (year-old) salmon April May 5. Release of juveniles into their natural habitat May

Types of aquatic biological resources planned for extraction (catch):

Keta Oncorhynchus keta, producers, both sexes, average weight in the fishing region of the river. Cupid and estuary - 3.5 kg.

Calculation of the need for volumes of chum salmon for artificial reproduction for collection and loading of fertilized chum salmon caviar

Indicators amount Regulations Planned release of juveniles 9.0 million pcs The number of juveniles planted for growing 9.1 million pcs 1% - waste for growing The number of larvae placed on aging 9.6 million pcs 5% - waste for aging Amount of Fertilized Caviar Collected 11.7 million pcs 18% - waste for incubation The required number of females 3900 pcs. 3000 pcs. - working fertility The required number of females, taking into account the rejection 4588 pcs. 15% - rejection of females Required number of manufacturers 6423 pcs. 2.5: 1 - sexual ratio (females: males) Number of trapped producers 7137 pcs. 10% - waste when aged from 10 to 30 days Necessary resource support for the production of 9.0 million pcs. 25.0 t 3.5 kg - the average weight of manufacturers

Chum reproduction facilities

Kind of fish Power, million units Production capacity Name unit of measurement amount Chum 9.0 Mobile fish farming module pcs / mln PC. juveniles 3 / 9.0 Mobile insemination workshop PC. one Vertical type incubators (racks of 8 setters) pcs / mln pcs caviar 200 / 12.0

Three mobile fish farming modules are available, with a capacity of 3 million each. everyone is young, as well as a mobile fertilization workshop. Total production capacity - 9.0 million units. juvenile chum.

In a mobile fertilizing workshop, caviar obtained from each female is mixed with milk from one or several males, depending on the quantity and quality of milk. Fertilized eggs are laid in the incubation apparatus of mobile fish farming modules.

Mobile hatchery modules are relatively small mobile hatcheries. Inside the production room, racks of incubation devices of a vertical type are mounted on which incubation trays are installed. Racks are located along the walls of the room in two rows and in eight incubation trays. Water supply - gravity, the water conduit is laid along the channel or along the channel of the river or stream. The necessary pressure in the system is formed due to the height difference. The length of the water conduit depends on the features of the relief and the characteristics of the natural watercourse. It is advisable to have two waterways - from the under-water intake and from the stream with the release of groundwater, which will allow you to adjust the temperature of the water during the incubation of eggs and keeping the larvae.

7.5 thousand pcs are loaded into each incubation tray of the apparatus. chum salmon eggs. After hatching, the larvae remain in the same tray until raised afloat. Low water temperatures in winter will allow the larvae to survive without feeding until April. After raising afloat in the incubators of a vertical type, the juveniles will be transferred from mobile fish breeding modules to enclosed sections of natural reservoirs or split cages for short-term rearing. Breeding of juveniles at a hatchery will be carried out in vivo. Feeding juveniles - dry granular and pasty feed. Spring warming of water will allow you to quickly get juveniles of a standard sample of 0.5 g.

The proposed method eliminates multiple manipulations with larvae and larvae associated with transplantation of juveniles. Hatching of larvae from eggs and their keeping, as well as growing to the required weighed place, takes place in the same incubation apparatuses.

The large-scale introduction of the developed biotechnology for the formation of salmon populations will allow:

- create a developed system of fish farming on small rivers;

- increase the volume of salmon production in the Far East, which is especially important during periods of decline in stocks of natural herds;

- completely remove the problem of deficit and high cost of incubation material;

- increase the economic effect of growing.

Claims (1)

A method of artificial reproduction of fish, including selection of sex products from producers, fertilization and incubation of eggs, keeping and growing larvae using feed in containers filled with water, cooling the fish wintering without food, followed by raising the temperature to its level in the water source; further, juveniles are transplanted into pools, characterized in that the incubation of eggs, larvae are kept, then they are kept without food in chilled water in the winter period in the same containers - trays filled with water under constant water exchange.