RU2490057C2 - Physical-chemical conversions of liquid-phase media - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to physical-chemical processes including realisation of reactions and preparation of emulsions and may be used at research centers and in industrial processes. In method realisation initial component with high specific volume in the mix compound is subjected to cavitation-acoustic agitation in pumping that mix via hydrodynamic apparatus to the mark of level indication tube to select the component dose. Then, valves are switched over to circulate said mix in the circuit vessel-mixer-pump-hydrodynamic apparatus-vessel and every component is metered out. Now, valves are switched over to dispense prepared product via hydrodynamic apparatus for further use.

EFFECT: simplified process, reproducible reactions and quality.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for physicochemical processes, including carrying out reactions, preparing solutions, emulsions, can be used as a stand in scientific research and in industrial technologies.

Known methods for carrying out reactions or preparing liquid mixtures in reactors with stirrers or with remote circulation circuits containing mixing or cavitation-acoustic devices. A known method of preparing disperse systems [RF patent 965490, B01F 3/00, A61K 9/08, published 10/15/82], the essence of which is that the mixer (vessel) is periodically emptied, dispersed into an additional container, from which the mass is returned to mixer, add the liquid phase and process in a rotary pulsation apparatus. The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the implementation of this method, the uncertainty of the reproducibility of the process and the heterogeneity of the prepared mixture.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a method for carrying out a chemical reaction [RF patent 2378044, B01J 19/00, G05D 16/00, published 01/10/10]. In this method, a series of parallel flow reactors is used, wherein one or more reactants fall from one or more common supply lines into each of the reactors, while the stream from each supply line is divided into reactors by providing a flow restrictor between each reactor and the supply line, which creates pressure difference between the feed line and the reactor. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the reaction system, the need for a large amount of metrological support in the form of sensors, regulators, automatic execution mechanisms, monitoring and control systems.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to simplify the method of physicochemical transformations, reduce the amount of metrological support, improve reproducibility of reactions and the quality of the resulting product. The term "metrological support" refers to a combination of technical means and methods aimed at ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The term "reproducibility of reactions" refers to the stability of the physicochemical transformations of substances in time and in the volume of interaction.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that cavitation-acoustic excitation of the initial component is carried out, which has a larger specific volume in the mixture during pumping through a hydrodynamic apparatus to the calculated level of the level tube that determines the dose of the component, then through the switching of valves the contents are circulated in the circuit: capacity - mixer - pump - hydrodynamic apparatus - capacity. Then, in the circulating stream, the following components are fed through the mixer together with the excited and activated contents of the measured capacity formed by the previous feeds of the starting components. In this case, the proportional rationing of the supply of the subsequent initial components is carried out by a control valve by ensuring the duration of the introduction of each component equal to or greater than the duration of the pump's one-time pumping of the total volume of content in the measured tank formed by the previous feeds of the components into the measured tank. Dosing of each component is carried out by reaching the content level in the measuring tank to the corresponding level of the level tube, which determines the dose of each subsequent component supplied by the pump through the hydrodynamic apparatus. By switching the valves, the pump creates a circulating excitation of the contents of the hydrodynamic apparatus along the contour: measuring capacity - pump - hydrodynamic apparatus - capacity. Then, by switching the valves, the prepared product is removed through the hydrodynamic apparatus for use.

- to minimize the amount of metrological support and simplify the device and technology for the implementation of physico-chemical transformations;

- ensure the quality of the transformations, i.e. reproducibility in time and volume of interaction of substances.

To explain the features of the invention, the drawing of figure 1 conventionally shows a diagram of a device that implements this method. The device consists of a measuring tank 1, containing a level tube 2 with a scale, a drain pipe 3 with a first valve 4, first 5, second 6 and third 7 highways, second 8, third 9, fourth 10 and fifth 11 valves supplying the original components A, B and C to the mixer 12, pump 13, pressure line 14, flow hydrodynamic apparatus 15, fourth line 16 with sixth valve 17 and outlet pipe 18 with seventh valve 19. The diagram shows the symbols: h ₁ , h ₂ , h ₃ - level gauge marks; A + B + C - contents in a measuring container; ABC is a finished product.

The operation of the device according to the proposed method is as follows. Component A is supplied along the circuit: third line 7, third valve 9, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure line 14, flow-through hydrodynamic apparatus 15, sixth valve 17, fourth line 16 into the measuring tank 1 up to mark h ₁ for a time t _A b the excited state, which he acquires after passing through the hydrodynamic apparatus 15. Then, by switching the first 4, fourth 10 and sixth 17 valves, component A is circulated along the circuit: measuring tank 1, drain pipe 3, first valve 4, fourth valve 10, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure line 14, flow hydrodynamic apparatus 15, sixth valve 17, fourth line 16, measuring tank 1, while producing additional excitation and activation of component A. Then, by opening the second valve 8, component B is fed into the circulation stream during the time t _a or slightly more to the whole amount of the component B was uniformly distributed in the stream and component a was activated hydrodynamic apparatus 15 together with the agitated component A. component B serves to level with the lifting in the contents of the measuring container 1 to the level ₂ h. After that, component C is similarly fed into the circulation stream for a time t _B or more up to the mark h ₃ in the measuring tank 1. t _B is the time required to transfer the volume of products A and B. Then, the entire contents are circulated in the measuring tank 1 along the contour: measuring tank 1, drain pipe 3, first valve 4, fourth valve 10, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure line 14, flow hydrodynamic apparatus 15, sixth valve 17, fourth highway 16, measuring tank 1, after which the product is drained through the seventh valve 19 and a discharge line 18 for use.

Thus, the proposed method can carry out physico-chemical transformations of substances, including the preparation of liquid-phase mixtures, emulsions, suspensions of high quality.

In order to confirm the practical application of the proposed method, according to the described scheme (Fig. 1), an installation was made for producing boiler fuel in the form of water-fuel emulsions from degraded fuel oils and oily sludges. Measured tank 1 was a rectangular tank with dimensions: length 1.25 m, width 0.8 m and height 1.25 m. Thus, the tank bottom area was S = 0.8 × 1.25 = 1 m. To determine the volume of the supplied component, the measuring tank 1 was equipped with a glass level tube 2. Every 10 cm of the height of the measuring tank 1 corresponded to 100 liters of liquid. As the initial products were used: component A (oil sludge) - 720 l, component B (fuel oil M100) - 240 l, component C (water) - 120 l. Total 1,080 liters. Pump 13 had an operating capacity of 18,000 l / h = 300 l / min = 5 l / s. A height of h ₁ denotes a volume of 720 l (oil sludge), a height of h ₂ -h ₁ denotes a volume of 240 l (fuel oil grade M100), a height of h ₃ -h ₂ corresponds to a volume of 120 l (water). To facilitate the description of the process, we will agree to designate the product transit lines during operation by the symbols of the device elements according to the circuit depicted in Fig. 1. Component A (oil sludge) is pumped 13 through an open third line 7 through a third valve 9, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure line 14, flow-through hydrodynamic apparatus 15, sixth valve 17, fourth line 16 into the measuring tank 1 to the mark _{1 of the} level tube 2, which corresponds to a volume of 720 liters. The feed time was 2.4 min (144 s). In this case, all other valves of the highways were closed. When component A was supplied (oil teslam), the product was destroyed, dispersed, and activated by flow-through hydrodynamic apparatus 15.

The supply of component B (fuel oil M100) was carried out as follows. Using the second 8 and fourth 10 valves, a normalized flow of component B was established so that it could enter the pump 13 for 2.4 min (144 s) or more. The valves were opened along the circuit: the second valve 8, the second line 6, the fourth valve 10, the mixer 12, the pump 13, the pressure line 14, the flow hydrodynamic apparatus 15, the sixth valve 17, the fourth line 16, the measuring tank 1, the drain pipe 3, the first valve 4, the second line 6, while all the other valves of the lines were closed. Component A was circulated by pump 13 along the circuit: measuring tank 1, drain pipe 3, first valve 4, fourth valve 10, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure pipe 14, flow-through hydrodynamic device 15, sixth valve 17, fourth pipe 16, measuring tank 1, while supplying component B to the circulation circuit. The process of component B involvement (fuel oil M100) in the activated component A (oil sludge) took a little more than 2.4 minutes (144 s). During circulation, components A and B were mixed. Component B was supplied up to level h _{2 of} level tube 2, which meant that 240 l of component B was involved in volumetric container 1.

Similarly, component C (water) was supplied. Using the fifth valve 11, a normalized water flow was set so that 120 l of water entered the measuring tank 1, up to the mark h _{3 of the} leveling tube 2 in 3.2 minutes (192 s), because this time required for pumping the volume of components A and B is 720 l of oil sludge and 240 l of fuel oil M100, which amounted to 960 l. The valves opened along the circuit: measuring tank 1, drain pipe 3, first valve 4, fourth valve 10, fifth valve 11, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure pipe 15, sixth valve 17, fourth pipe 16, measuring tank 1. The third 9i were closed the second 8 valves, pump 13 was used to circulate the mixture of components A + B with the simultaneous supply of component C to the mark h _{3 of the} leveling tube 2, which corresponded to the involvement of 120 l of water in the volumetric tank 1. In total, 1,0 liter mixture of components A + B was collected in the volumetric tank 1 + C. Thus, only during the filling of the volumetric container 1, a three-time hydrodynamic treatment of oil sludge, two-time treatment of fuel oil M100, and a single treatment of water took place. The entire filling process took about 8 minutes. Then, a circulation loop was formed with the help of valves: a volumetric tank 1, a drain pipe 3, a first valve 4, a fourth valve 10, a mixer 12, a pump 13, a pressure line 14, a flow hydrodynamic device 15, a sixth valve 17, a fourth line 16, a volumetric tank 1 and pump 13 pumped the entire volume of the A + B + C mixture through the flow-through hydrodynamic apparatus 15. Moreover, all other valves not related to the circulation circuit were closed. After several pumping of the A + B + C mixture, a stable water-fuel emulsion ABC is formed, which is pumped out for use along the circuit: measuring tank 1, drain pipe 3, first valve 4, fourth valve 10, mixer 12, pump 13, pressure line 14, flow-through hydrodynamic apparatus 15, the seventh valve 19, the discharge line 18.

The proposed fuel preparation scheme is structurally and operationally simple and can be used in production conditions, as well as as a pilot installation for experimental technological work, as measuring tank 1 in its dimensions, for example, 0.8 × 1.25 × 1.25 m, is a means of metrological support together with a level gauge tube 2, which determines the supply of normalized volumes of components.

Claims (1)

A method for carrying out physicochemical transformations of a fluid medium by means of cavitation-acoustic excitation of a mixture of starting components by a hydrodynamic apparatus, characterized in that cavitation-acoustic excitation of a starting component having a larger specific volume in the mixture is initially carried out while pumping it through a hydrodynamic apparatus to the calculated one marks of the level gauge tube that determines its dose, then by switching the valves create the circulation of contents in the circuit, with containing a measuring tank, mixer, pump and hydrodynamic apparatus, then in the circulation stream, the next components are fed through the mixer together with the excited and activated contents of the measuring tank formed by the previous feeds of the initial components, while the proportional normalization of the supply of the following components to the circulation flow is carried out by valves by ensuring the duration of the introduction of each component equal to or greater than the duration of a one-time pumping of the amounts of the volume of contents in the measured tank formed by the previous supply of components to the measured tank, the dosing of each subsequent component is achieved by reaching the level of the contents of the measured tank to the corresponding calculated mark of the level tube, which determines the dose of each subsequent component supplied by the pump through the hydrodynamic apparatus by switching valves, and the pump creates circulating excitation of the contents by a hydrodynamic apparatus along a circuit containing a measured capacity, cm carrier, pump and hydrodynamic apparatus, then, by switching valves, the prepared product is removed through the hydrodynamic apparatus for use.

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