RU2487101C2 - Method of brick production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of brick production includes grinding of primary clay rock of the Samoylovskoe field with content of clayey particles equal to 15.87 vol. %, its combined drying, grinding and activation in a grinding and separation plant. Preparation of activated slurry with 50% concentration from clay rock of the Yamaguzinskoe field with content of clayey particles equal to 31.76 vol. % in a cavitation plant of rotor type. Introduction of slurry with 50% concentration into activated main clayey rock in the amount providing for normal shaping moisture, shaping of air dried bricks, drying and baking.

EFFECT: increased strength and reduced water absorption of a ceramic brick.

2 cl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry and is intended for the manufacture of ceramic bricks.

A known method of manufacturing ceramic bricks [Panichev A.YU. Enrichment and activation of clay raw materials in the production of building materials. Novosibirsk, 2005, p.69-73] based on clay raw materials with a clay particles content of 4.5-5.6% by enrichment with the hydrocyclone method, followed by sedimentation of the clay phase in the form of a slip, drying and grinding to powder. Next, the obtained powdery clay substance in the amount of 12.5-50 wt.% Is mixed with the original clay raw material, the products are formed by the method of semi-dry pressing and fired. However, when using this method, a significant increase in strength is achieved only when the clay substance in the mixture is contained in an amount of 25 wt.% Or more, which leads to an increase in fuel and energy costs due to the drying of a large amount of slip.

A known method of manufacturing ceramic bricks, including the preparation of a mixture of clay raw materials, coal, sawdust and activated slip [Sharipov R.Ya., Storozhenko GI Factory experience in introducing new technologies to improve the quality of ceramic bricks / R.Ya. Sharipov, GI Storozhenko // Builds, materials. - 2005. - No. 6, p.13]. The slip is obtained from the main clay raw material, activated by the shock-wave method in the rotary apparatus for modulating flows of A. Zvezdin, and introduced into the charge in an amount that provides the moisture content required for the plastic molding method of 22.2-23.5%. The brick is molded, dried and fired. However, when using this method, an increase in strength is achieved only by 30-38% and a decrease in water absorption by 1.13-1.14 times.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of manufacturing ceramic bricks by two-stage activation of clay raw materials, including pre-grinding clay with low clay particles (less than 15-20 vol.%), Its combined drying, grinding and activation in a grinding and separation plant (hereinafter ISU) [patent No. 2194577. Grinding and separation plant. IPC В02С 21/00, published on December 20, 2002], preparation of an activated slurry of 50% concentration in the rotary apparatus for modulating flows of A. Zvezdin and introducing it into the composition of the charge in an amount providing normal molding moisture, molding, drying and firing. When using this method, an increase in strength of 27% was achieved, water absorption was not reduced. In addition, the increase in the content of the activated slurry in the charge is limited by the low (10-12 wt.%) Humidity of the press powder during the semi-dry pressing method. The use of raw materials with a low content of clay substances (less than 15-20 vol.%) To obtain an activated slip reduces the effect of activation and thereby reduces the growth of brick strength [Tacki LN, Mashkina EV, Storozhenko GI Two-stage activation of raw materials in the technology of wall ceramics / L.N. Tatski, E.V. Mashkina, G.I. Storozhenko // Builds, materials. - 2007. - No. 9, p.12, prototype].

The technical task of the invention is to increase the mechanical strength, reduce water absorption of the brick.

The technical result is achieved as follows: in a method of manufacturing a brick, including pre-grinding clay raw materials, its simultaneous drying, grinding and activation in a grinding and separation plant [for example, patent No. 2194577. Grinding and separation plant. IPC В02С 21/00, published on December 20, 2002], a slip is introduced into the charge activated in a rotary cavitation unit, for example, in A. A. Zvezdin’s rotary flow modulation apparatus [Tacki L.N., Mashkina E.V., Storozhenko G.I. . Two-stage activation of raw materials in the technology of wall ceramics / L.N. Tatski, E.V. Mashkina, G.I. Storozhenko // Builds. materials. - 2007. - No. 9, p.12]. A 50% concentration slurry is prepared from clay raw materials with a higher content of clay particles than the main raw materials in an amount that provides normal molding moisture. Next, the raw materials are formed, dried and fired. The technical effect is enhanced by the use of a plastic molding method, in which a larger amount of activated slip is introduced into the mixture without its overmoistening than with the semi-dry method. These features can provide higher than the prototype, strength indicators and reduce water absorption.

The proposed sequence of operations of the proposed method for the manufacture of ceramic bricks: preliminary grinding of clay, drying, grinding and activating it in a grinding and separation unit; pre-grinding clay raw materials used to obtain the slip; preparation of a slip additive of 50% concentration from clay raw materials with a higher content of clay substances than the main raw materials, with an increased amount of carbonates; slip activation in a rotary cavitation unit; the introduction of the activated slip in the mixture instead of mixing water, in an amount that provides normal molding moisture; plastic molding of raw; drying and firing. The use of the main part of the raw material for drying, grinding and activation in the grinding and separation plant allows grinding the rock to a particle size of less than 0.1 mm, increasing the degree of amorphization of minerals and defects in their structure, with clay minerals and calcium carbonates being subjected to the greatest destruction. This allows, through mechanothermal activation in the ISU, to eliminate the harmful effect of carbonates when the CaO content in the feed is up to 20%.

The use of A. Zvezdin’s rotational apparatus for modulating flows for the preparation of an activated slurry, due to the simultaneous mechanical, acoustic, and hydrodynamic effects on the material, leads to the deep destruction of soft minerals with a Mohs hardness of up to 3. These include carbonates. This makes it possible to use clay raw materials with an increased, in comparison with the main raw material, content of not only clay substances, but also carbonates to obtain an activated slip [Tacki L.N., Mashkina E.V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of activation of clay materials Proceedings of NGASU. Novosibirsk, 2007, v.10, No. 1 (39), pp. 32-38].

Example

As the main clay raw material, clay rock of the Samoilovsky deposit (Bashkiria) with a content of clay particles of 15.87 vol.%, Carbonates of 13.6 wt.% Was used. Clay rock was pre-crushed to a size of no more than 0.5 mm and processed in an ISU, where it was simultaneously dried in a vortex gas stream with a temperature of 200-400 ° C to a residual moisture content of 2-3%, crushed to a particle size of less than 0.1 mm, activated due to structural defects of clay minerals and carbonates. This allows you to eliminate the harmful effects of carbonates, when their content in raw materials calculated on CaO up to 20 wt.%.

The addition of activated slip to the charge is designed to increase the content of clay particles in the charge. For this activation, clay rock with a higher content of clay fractions than the main raw material is subjected. If this clay rock contains a high amount of carbonates (CaO up to 20 wt.%), The activation eliminates their harmful effect.

To prepare the slip, clay clay of the Yamaguzinsky deposit (Bashkiria) with a clay particles content of 31.76 vol.% And CaO 6.05 wt.% Was used.

The clay raw materials of the Yamaguzinsky deposit were crushed to a particle size of not more than 0.5 mm, a slip of 50% concentration was prepared from it. To regulate the viscosity of the slip, a diluting additive in the form of sodium pyrophosphate was used in an amount of 0.5% of the dry weight. The resulting slurry was activated in the rotary apparatus of flow modulation A. Zvezdin (RAMP) and mixed with the main raw materials activated in the ISU. The slip was introduced into the charge in an amount corresponding to normal molding moisture (19-19.5%).

The raw material was formed in the traditional way, then the raw material was dried to a moisture content of 4-5% and fired at a temperature of 1050 ° C.

Using the proposed method, it was possible to increase the compressive strength of the samples by 75.2-77.7% and reduce water absorption by 8.3-8.5%.

Claims (2)

1. A method of manufacturing a brick, including grinding the main clay rock of the Samoilovsky deposit with a clay content of 15.87 vol.%, Its combined drying, grinding and activation in a grinding and separation plant, preparing an activated slurry of 50% concentration in a rotary cavitation unit and introducing it into the activated main clay rock in an amount providing normal molding moisture, raw molding, drying and firing, characterized in that the activated slip is prepared from clay strata of the Yamaguzinsky deposit with a clay particle content of 31.76 vol.%. 2. A method of manufacturing a brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the molding is produced by a plastic method.