RU2486435C1 - Staroverov's shot - 6 (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed shot represents shell made from heat-resistant material accommodating pressurised methane kept at temperature lower than its thermal decomposition temperature at give pressure but higher than that of avalanche-like decomposition caused by power of said exothermal reaction. Fuse is arranged at shell center, or said shot has shaped charge there inside or outside capable of piercing shell wall, or shell has tube extending from surface to center wherein explosive charge is fitted before burst.

EFFECT: higher brisance.

8 cl

Description

The invention relates to military explosive charges. The invention is applicable in all types of military ammunition, except for stationary mines.

Explosive charges are known, see, for example, "Infantry Weapons", Harvest, 1999, p. 566. The invention is aimed at enhancing the blasting and fragmentation effects of explosive ordnance.

The velocity of the expansion of the fragments and the pressure at the front of the shock wave depend on the speed of sound in the compressed gas, which is formed in the volume occupied by the explosive (hereinafter BB). In the mixture of gases that forms after the explosion of most explosives, and at that temperature and pressure, the speed of sound usually does not exceed 1100 m / s. And it drops rapidly as the adiabatic expansion of explosive gases. The speed of the fragments, of course, is even lower.

Meanwhile, the speed of sound in hydrogen even at normal temperature and pressure of 1330 m / s. That is, if a hydrogen cylinder in the form of a shell at room temperature simply bursts from internal pressure, then it will create a much stronger shock wave and give the fragments a much higher initial velocity than a high-explosive fragmentation charge with a conventional explosive of the same weight. And if you also slightly increase the temperature of hydrogen, then the pressure at the front of the shock wave and the velocity of the fragments will increase sharply. For example, hydrogen with a temperature of only 650 degrees C (this is below its ignition temperature) will have a sound speed of 2360 m / s and will be able to accelerate the fragments to a speed of 2120 m / s. That is, a “cold explosion” will result, as a result of which, due to adiabatic expansion, the gas after the explosion can have approximately the ambient temperature.

This is the basis of the idea of this invention. The purpose of the invention is to increase the speed of expansion of fragments, the pressure at the front of the shock wave and the radius of the fragmentation and high explosive charge.

This charge is a shell of a heat-resistant material in which methane is under pressure at a temperature below the temperature of its thermal decomposition at a given pressure, but above the temperature of the onset of an avalanche-like decomposition of methane from the energy of this exothermic reaction, with a fuse in the center of the shell, or this charge has an explosive or cumulative charge inside or outside that can penetrate the wall of the shell, or the shell has a pipe from the surface to the center into which it is inserted before the explosion explosive charge (hereinafter referred to as explosives) (it’s impossible before - it will overheat).

As you know, methane at a temperature of 1100-1500 degrees C undergoes thermal decomposition into carbon (in the form of soot or graphite) and hydrogen:

CH ₄ = C + 2H ₂ +74.85 kJ

The heat generated can heat the reaction products at a constant pressure of 1070 degrees C, and at a constant volume of 1440 degrees C. When this reaction is initiated with heat, for example, a fuse, which can be used as an electric coil or spark (and not necessarily electric, it is possible spark and from flint for a lighter), an avalanche-like, i.e. explosive self-decomposition of methane into hydrogen and carbon occurs.

Under these conditions, this reaction is practically irreversible, but for the binding of the released carbon in the charge and for the release of additional heat, there may be additives in the charge that bind the carbon to the release of heat, for example, aluminum (the standard molar enthalpy of formation is -209 kJ / mol). The reaction of the formation of aluminum carbide is accompanied by an increase in temperature to about 1750 degrees C (counting from 0 degrees C). Enter aluminum can be in the form of a lining of the cumulative charge. And if the charge temperature is less than the melting temperature of aluminum, then in the form of aluminum "felt" (tangled thin wire).

If the initiating charge is introduced into the charge through the tube, then the end of this tube may be surrounded by a thin-walled cavity in which molten aluminum will be located.

SPARE OPTION. If the velocity of propagation of the reaction front in a confined space in a given medium (by analogy with explosives is called the “detonation velocity”) is below the limit of requirements for explosives (quite tentatively, this lower limit in this case can be designated as the speed of sound in air, i.e. 350 m / s on average), then two fallback options are possible. First, the shell strength is selected from the condition of its destruction at an internal pressure equal to 80-95% of the maximum pressure at the end of the reaction. And in this case, the shell after some time (fractions of seconds or even seconds) self-destructs, scattering fragments and causing a shock wave.

The second - the shell is made a little stronger (and heavier) and can withstand the maximum pressure of the reaction products. That is, she herself will not be destroyed. Then, after the end of the reaction, it is cut by a perforating linear cumulative charge located outside or inside the shell. The shape of the cut can be chosen in the most diverse way: for high-explosive charges in a bomb-shaped shell, a cut across the horizontal plane is advantageous, in which case the main energy of the shock wave will be directed to the sides. A fragmentation of ammunition is advantageous to cut into small parts.

Methane must be heated carefully so as not to exceed the temperature at which the self-decomposition reaction begins. This can be done in the bath from a substance that, in the molten state, has the indicated temperature, for example, in molten aluminum, tin, Wood alloy, low-melting glass. Moreover, when heated in molten metal, its surface can be protected from oxidation by a layer of low-melting glass.

It is desirable that the shell has inside and / or outside micro notches or zone hardening for uniform crushing, since it will be a fragmentation element.

Example

Let’s say, in a shell made of tungsten there is a pressure of 100 atm (and possibly more) of methane at a temperature of 1050 degrees C. The shell to prevent heat loss is in removable thermal insulation. Outside the insulation is a cumulative charge directed to the center of the shell.

The shell must be removable in order to heat the methane in it without local overheating above 1100 degrees C.

The charge works like this: when hot methane is heated with a fuse or an explosion, an avalanche-like reaction of thermal self-decomposition of methane occurs with the formation of hydrogen. The pressure in the shell increases approximately 4.5 times, and it collapses.

If the charge contains only a fuse and does not contain an internal explosive charge, then the shell strength should not be chosen too large, since the increase in pressure in it due to the reaction will not be very large - approximately 4.5 times in the considered example. That is, if the initial pressure in the shell was 100 atm, then it should be destroyed, for example, at 350-400 atm.

In this case, methane will have a temperature of 2490 degrees C, and the speed of sound in it will be 4080 m / s and it will be able to create a strong shock wave and can accelerate the fragments to a speed of about 3800 m / s. And since the kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the speed, the breakdown force of the fragments will be approximately 15 times higher. And when using aluminum additives - even higher. Of course, no one canceled the law of conservation of energy - the energy of compressed gas and explosion should be greater than the kinetic energy of the blast wave and the energy of fragments.

As an ammunition, such a charge will also have a strong incendiary effect - because the scattered hydrogen will be ignited by explosive gases. And this will be especially noticeable in case of a charge explosion in an enclosed space: when a grenade hits the building’s window, when a 30-mm shell penetrates the BMP’s armor or the skin of the aircraft, and when the projectile hits the ship, quickly, almost explosively burnt hydrogen will cause a thermobaric effect, striking manpower and destroying the construction of the object.

It is worth noting the particularly strong damaging effect of the fragments - they will be heated to a temperature of 1050 degrees C, that is, to a straw-yellow color, and if they get into living tissue they will have a strong thermal effect, and if they hit any combustible object they will ignite it.

Claims (8)

1. A charge, characterized in that it is a shell of a heat-resistant material in which methane is pressurized at a temperature below the temperature of its thermal decomposition at a given pressure, but above the temperature of the onset of an avalanche-like decomposition of methane from the energy of this exothermic reaction, and in the center the shell is fused or this charge has an inside or outside explosive or cumulative charge that can penetrate the wall of the shell, or the shell has a pipe from the surface to the center into which before CMV inserted explosive charge. 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse is an electric coil or spark. 3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that it is heated in a bath of molten metal or glass. 4. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell has an inside and / or outside of the notch, or has a zone hardening. 5. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that for the binding of the released carbon in the charge there are additives that bind carbon to heat, for example aluminum. 6. The charge according to claim 5, characterized in that the aluminum is introduced into the charge in the form of a lining of a cumulative charge or in the form of a tangled wire. 7. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the tube through which the explosive charge is introduced into the charge is surrounded by a shell containing molten aluminum. 8. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell strength is 80-95% of the maximum pressure at the end of the reaction.