RU2401977C1 - Sandwiched-charge common projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: projectile comprises housing, main charge of high-power explosive with lower detonation rate, extra high-power explosive with high detonation rate representing layers with thickness exceeding critical diametre of detonation between which main charge and axial initiator are arranged. Layers of extra charge are arranged in planes of projectile radial sections along its axis. Note here that rate of transmission of initiating pulse D₀ along the layers should comply with the following relation

, where D₁, D₂ are detonation rates of the main and extra charges, respectively. Device activated, main charge detonation is excited in over-compressed mode with creation of Mach detonation waves and high-speed detonation product jets burst out in air after destruction of housing.

EFFECT: higher hitting capacity.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to defense technology and can be used in high-explosive fragmentation ammunition (BP), designed to hit targets with fragments and high-explosive action. In addition, when filled with appropriate equipment, it can be used as chemical, smoke, volume-detonating, and other PSUs in which explosive spreading of liquid, powder, or pasty equipment takes place.

State of the art

There are many designs of high-explosive fragmentation warheads (see, for example, the catalog "Arms of Russia", v. 7. - M .: AOZT "Military Parade", 1997). The main elements of these structures are the body, equipment, fuse, and, as a rule, the central glass with an additional explosive explosive charge (BB), which performs the functions of transfer and amplification of the initiating pulse from the fuse to the equipment (main charge) of the PSU.

Known close technical solution according to patent RU 2271511, class. F42B 4/18 “Simulated Low Risk Ammunition” as adopted. BP includes a housing, an axisymmetrically located explosive charge and an energy block with a combustible substance and additives, with a range of the ratio of the mass of the charge and the block from 15/85 to 80/20. The charge is made in the form of two or more sections located compactly or dispersed along the BP axis, while the sections can be made in the same or different geometric shapes, such as, for example, a cylinder, a cone, a truncated cone, a hemisphere, or as a combination various geometric shapes, and the energy block fills the entire space between the sections of the explosive charge and the inner surface of the PSU case.

The aim of this invention was to create a PSU with a reduced content of explosives, for which part of the explosive is replaced by an energy block. It is argued that the implementation of BP according to this technical solution will lead to a "significant increase in the parameters of shock and sound waves and the size of the fireball" compared to charges consisting entirely of explosives, due to the "formation of a complex wave configuration in the energy block under the influence of detonation processes" occurring in explosive charge sections.

Common features with the proposed high-explosive fragmentation PSU is the presence of a shell, fuse, central bursting charge with sections located compactly or dispersed along the BP axis along its entire length. Replacing part of the explosive in the PSU with energy blocks leads to an increase in the total energy of the explosion, however, the formation of simply a “complex wave configuration in the energy block” alone does not significantly increase the parameters of the blast waves.

The closest analogue of the invention, selected for the prototype, is the technical solution described in patent RU 2341760, class. F42B 12/20 “High-explosive fragmentation ordnance according to the Zvezda scheme, in which in a high-explosive fragmentation warhead containing a body, fuse, the main charge of a high-energy explosive with a low detonation velocity and an additional charge of a powerful explosive with a high detonation velocity, an additional charge of a powerful explosive along the entire length it is made with radial rays forming cumulative recesses in which the main charge is located. With this technical solution, the most important functions of the additional charge, along with the transfer of detonation from the fuse, are added to the functions of conducting high-speed detonation by the rays and detonation of the main charge in overcompressed mode. In this case, the decay of detonation waves (DW) in the main charge does not occur, since the over-compressed mode is supported by the detonation of adjacent rays of the additional charge, limiting the cumulative recesses. Moreover, the collapse of overcompressed DWs leads to the formation in the main charge of the Mach DWs, which have substantially higher parameters than in the case of normal detonation. After the Makhovian DW comes to the hull and is crushed, the resulting fragments (or ready-to-use striking elements) will have higher initial throwing speeds, and in the direction of the axes of the cumulative notches, the detonation products of the main charge will scatter in the form of local high-speed gas jets, in the head of which powerful airborne hydrocarbons.

In this solution, the main common features with the invention are the presence of two explosive charges (primary and secondary with the placement of the primary charge in the secondary cavities) with different energies and detonation speeds. The main disadvantage is the complicated manufacturing technology of the additional charge with cumulative recesses along the entire length.

Disclosure of invention

The solved problem of the present invention is the creation of high-explosive fragmentation PSU, simpler in terms of technology, but no less effective than the prototype.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the known technical device comprising a housing, fuse, the main charge of a high-energy explosive with a low detonation velocity, an additional charge of a powerful explosive with a high detonation velocity, made in the form of layers with a thickness greater than the critical detonation diameter, between which the main charge and axial originating device, additional layers of the charge are arranged in radial planes BP sections along its axis, the transmission rate of the initiating pulse for D ₀ cl holes must satisfy the following relationship

,

,

where D ₁ , D ₂ are the detonation velocities of the additional and main charges, respectively.

A possible embodiment of the additional charge layers with a variable thickness, decreasing from the axis to the PSU case.

List of drawings

Figure 1 - diagram of the PSU;

Figure 2 - diagram of the propagation and interaction of DW in charges at a final detonation velocity of the transmission of the initiating pulse through the layers;

Figure 3 - diagram of the propagation and interaction of the DW in charges at an infinite transmission speed of the initiating pulse through the layers;

Figure 4 - diagram of the formation of jets with the development of instability at the interface between the reaction products of the main charge and air.

The implementation of the invention

In the drawings, numbers and letters denote:

1 - top cover;

2 - axial initiating device;

3 - PSU case;

4 - layers of additional charge;

5 - the main charge;

6 - bottom cover;

7 - fuse;

D ₀ - transmission rate of the initiating pulse through the layers;

D ₁ - detonation velocity of the additional charge;

D ₂ - detonation velocity of the main charge;

D ₃ - the speed of the flywheel DW in the main charge;

r is the distance from the place of the explosion.

In Fig.1 presents a diagram of BP according to the invention. Here, the layers of the additional charge 4 are made with constant thickness. The space between the layers is filled with the main charge 5, which can be used as various high-energy explosives, for example, thermobaric compositions (TBS). The initiating pulse along the layers of the additional charge 4 from the fuse 7 can be transmitted along the BP axis in various ways, for example, by detonation along the axial initiating charge (as shown in Fig. 1); placement inside the axial charge of the initiating wire, which explodes when an electric current is passed through it and initiates an axial charge along the entire length simultaneously; placing along the BP axis a garland of detonators (one per layer) to initiate layers, etc. An analysis of these methods of transmitting an initiating pulse shows that all of them can be reduced to two main ones - transmission of a pulse with finite and infinite speed along the axis.

Figure 2 shows the propagation and interaction of the DW in charges 4 and 5 at a finite transmission rate of the initiating pulse between the layers 4 surrounding the main charge layer 5. If, for example, the initiating pulse propagates along the BP axis with a detonation velocity D ₀ , sequentially initiating the layers 4, in which the DWs move at a speed of D ₁ , this leads to the formation of the DWs in charge 5, propagating at a speed of D ₂ . The oblique interaction of the DW from charges 2 and 4 begins at the angles of the charge 5 adjacent to the axial charge 2, then a complex picture of the interaction of the DW from different charges occurs, and, ultimately, the picture shown in Fig. 2 is established. Here, the oblique interaction of the DW D ₂ can lead to the formation of a Mach DW, propagating in 5 with a velocity D ₃ , the parameters of which are much higher than during normal detonation. After the exit of the Makhovsky DW on the surface of the PSU case, the same phenomena occur as in the prototype.

Find the condition under which the occurrence of the Mach of the DW (figure 2). Suppose that at the initial moment of time the front of the initiating DW was at point C. Then, at time t, the front of the DW in charge 4 will be at point A. The length of the AC segment will be equal to

During time t from a point C in a charge of 5 DW, a distance will pass

and then the position of the front of the DW at 5 will coincide with the segment AF. The appearance of the Mach wave DW requires oblique interaction of waves, therefore, in addition to the AF wave, at least one more DW is required. It can occur at point B when the pulse transfer rate is D ₀ > D ₂ (shown in FIG. 2 emerging from point B). Then the condition

will be the condition for the appearance of point B and, therefore, the condition for the formation of Mach Mach DW. From ΔABC, taking into account (1), it follows

From ΔACD, taking into account (1) and (2), it follows

From (3), taking into account (4) and (5), we have

Finally, from (6) we obtain the condition in the form

Example. Let D ₁ = 8 km / s, D ₂ = 5.6 km / s, then from (7) we obtain D ₀ = 7.84 km / s. This is the minimum value of the transmission speed of the initiating pulse, above which there is an oblique interaction of the DW and the formation of the Mach wave in the main charge, and the larger the value of D ₀ , the faster it will form.

Moreover, such transmission schemes of the initiating pulse are possible in which the case of the limiting velocity D ₀ → ∞ is realized. For example, this occurs while initiating an axial charge along its entire length. Then the wave pattern will be symmetrical (Fig. 3), and in the ideal case, by the time the Mach wavelet exit at a speed of D ₃ to the surface of the hull, the width of the fly bridge will be equal to the thickness of the main charge layer 5.

After the Makhovskaya DW reaches the BP case, the case breaks down with the formation of high-speed fragments (or ready-to-use striking elements) and jets of burning explosion products (PV), only, unlike the prototype, where these jets were specified by the BP geometry itself, the mechanism of their formation is different .

It is known that on the surface of PV expanding into the air, the development of Rayleigh-Taylor instability occurs. With regard to our case, it looks like this (Fig. 4). At the exit of the Makhovian DW (the initial moment of time t = 0), the boundary is smooth, at the next close moment of time t ₁ it becomes perturbed (wave-like), and from these waves separate supersonic PV jets form over time over the competing mechanism (time t ₂ ) containing burning metal particles (remaining after overdriven TBS detonation). An air shock wave moves in front of each jet, fueled by the energy released during the combustion of particles. Owing to the inkjet mechanism of expansion of explosives with burning particles, they fly much farther than ordinary gaseous explosives.

Thus, in the proposed technical solution, all the same positive factors are realized as in the prototype, with a simpler manufacturing technology.

A possible embodiment of the additional charge layers with a variable thickness, decreasing from the axis to the PSU case. In this case, the oblique interaction angle between the DW D ₂ in charge 5 changes and the formation of the Mach DW can occur even earlier, which can be considered as an additional positive factor.

BP proposed design works as follows.

From the fuse, the initiating pulse is transmitted to the axial initiating device and propagates in it along the length of the charge and in the radial direction in the layers of the additional charge. Inside the main charge, which is located between the detonating layers of the additional charge, there are DWs, the oblique interaction of which leads to the formation of Mach waves, characterized by increased parameters, upon their exit to the BP case, it intensively breaks into fragments and jets form when instability develops on the surface of expanding PVs. After this, the expansion of the primary charge of the main charge into the surrounding air is carried out in the form of high-speed jets together with the resulting fragments (or ready-made striking elements).

Claims (2)

1. High-explosive explosive ordnance containing a shell, fuse, the main charge of a high-energy explosive with a low detonation velocity, an additional charge of a powerful explosive with a high detonation velocity, made in the form of layers with a thickness greater than the critical detonation diameter, between which the main charge is placed, and an axial initiating device, characterized in that the additional charge layers are located in the planes of the radial sections of the munition along its axis, while the initiating pulse D ₀ over the layers should satisfy the following relation

,
where D ₁ , D ₂ are the detonation velocities of the additional and main charges, respectively. 2. High-explosive fragmentation munition according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional charge layers are made with a variable thickness, decreasing from the axis to the shell of the munition.

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