RU2486090C1 - Friction-polymer automatic center coupler draft gear - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway transport, particularly, to automatic center coupler draft gears. Center coupler draft gear comprises tetrahedral case with exposed neck to accommodate backup assembly, moving friction plates and pusher to rest on set of elastic elements. Coupler gear case inner case has vertical grooves that make guides for massive jig to displace at shock compression. Case front part has tapers at working surfaces, moving friction plates have grooves to increase the space between plates so that backup assembly volume is increased. Backup assembly is composed of cylinder filled with deformable composition, rod and cover and arranged in tetrahedral case neck inside massive jig to transmit shock force from automatic coupling while tetrahedral case has tapers at its working surfaces.

EFFECT: stable operating performances, higher reliability, longer life.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway vehicles, in particular to automatic coupler absorbing devices.

One of the analogues of the invention is a friction shock absorber [1]. It contains a housing in which a pressure cone, friction wedges are placed. Friction wedges are located in contact with a base plate resting on an elastic polymer array consisting of several self-aligning elastic blocks in series. The elastic blocks are separated by centering bowl-shaped metal plates sliding along the longitudinal centering ribs made in the housing. The invention improves the efficiency of the shock absorber.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the instability of power characteristics, which manifests itself in the form of a spasmodic nature of the change in force during shock compression.

Also an analogue close in technical essence to the claimed invention is a friction-hydraulic absorbing automatic couplings apparatus [2]. It contains a housing having an open front and a closed back. A compressible shock absorber is located at the rear, and a saddle structure adjacent to the open front is adjacent to one end thereof. The friction shock absorber is installed in the open front of the housing.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the excessive complexity of the design of the hydraulic spacer unit, as well as the reduced reliability of the structure due to the possibility of jamming during recovery (on the return stroke).

A prototype of the invention is a friction-polymer absorbing coupler [3]. It contains a housing inside which movable and fixed friction plates and a spacer block, preloaded by polymer elastic elements, are placed, the spacer block is filled with a compressibly elastomer, and the movable and stationary friction plates are made with slopes.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to ensure the safety of the spacer unit, since the longitudinal force from the automatic coupler through the thrust plate is directly transmitted to the spacer unit. The disadvantages also include the fact that the space between the friction plates, in which the spacer block is placed, is limited and it is extremely difficult to place the spacer block of the required dimensions, ensuring strength conditions. There is a reduced design reliability due to the possibility of jamming during restoration.

The aim of the invention is to improve operational characteristics and increase the reliability of the absorbing apparatus having a relatively simple and reliable design.

This goal is achieved in the absorbing device of the automatic coupling of a railway vehicle, containing a tetrahedral housing with an open neck, inside of which there is a spacer assembly, movable friction plates and a pusher, which is supported by a set of elastic elements. In order to improve the operational characteristics of the absorbing apparatus, the spacer assembly is made in the form of a device consisting of a cylinder filled with a volume-deformable composition, a rod and a cover and located in the neck of the tetrahedral case inside the massive mandrel, through which the impact force from the automatic coupler is transmitted. The neck of the case is made with slopes, which prevents the possibility of jamming of the device during recovery. The casing of the apparatus on the inner surface has vertical grooves that serve as guides when moving the massive mandrel during shock compression. The movable friction plates also have grooves that increase the space between the plates to increase the volume of the spacer assembly. The use of a spacer unit of this type and elastic polymer elements as a reciprocating device in a friction shock absorber increases the stability and efficiency of the shock absorber. Firstly, due to the increasing pressure of the friction plates against the housing as the apparatus moves, the friction coefficient increases and friction self-oscillations decrease significantly when sliding, and secondly, due to an increase in the support force by a factor of 2–3, the angle of inclination of the main friction surfaces can be reduced that allows you to place between the friction plates spacer unit of the required size.

The invention is illustrated in the figure, which shows a General view of the absorbing apparatus of the automatic coupling of a railway vehicle.

The absorbing apparatus contains a hollow tetrahedral housing 1, in which the movable plates 2 are located, a spacer assembly consisting of a cylinder 3, a rod 4 and a cover 5, a pusher 6, based on a set of polymer elements 7, which are separated by plates 8, a massive mandrel 9. The spacer assembly is made in the form of a cylinder 3, inside of which a rod 4 is placed. The cylinder closes the cover 5, in which the seals 10 are located. The working chambers of the cylinder A and B are filled with a volume-compressible composition 11.

Friction absorbing apparatus operates as follows. Under the action of the force transmitted from the automatic coupling to the massive mandrel 9 and the movable plates 2 through the thrust plate 12, they move, driving the pusher 6 and the set of polymer elements 7. Due to the inclination of the walls of the housing 1, under the influence of the impact, the spacer assembly is activated. At the same time, the volume-compressible composition 11, due to a decrease in the total volume of chambers A and B, is compressed and also forced from chamber A to chamber B through the annular gap between the cylinder 3 and the rod 4 and through calibrated holes in the rod 4, creating a spacer force between the movable frictional the plates 2 and the housing 1. Due to the inclination of the walls of the housing 1 and the friction plates 2 when moving the plates inside the housing under the action of an impact, the spacer assembly is additionally compressed. As the rod 4 is introduced into the cylinder 3, the pressing force of the friction movable plates to the body increases. After the termination of the impact force, the friction movable plates are pushed into the initial position by the pusher 6. Under the action of the force transmitted from the automatic coupler to the massive mandrel 9 and the movable plates 2, and the retaining force from the side of the set of polymer elements 7, pressure is created on the main friction surfaces of the friction absorbing device, which, when they are moved together, leads to the absorption of impact energy. The main part of the impact energy is absorbed on the main friction surfaces: the abutment surfaces of the friction plates 2 to the housing 1. Partially, the energy is absorbed on the auxiliary friction surfaces: the contact surfaces of the thrust plate 12, which receives the impact, and the friction plates 2, and the surfaces of the pusher 6 and the surfaces of the friction plates 2 Part of the energy is perceived by a retaining set of polymer elements.

Bibliography

1. RU 2128301 C1, 03/27/1999.

2. SU 1315352 A1, 06/07/1987.

3. RU 2397896 C2, 08/27/2010.

Claims (1)

An absorbing device for automatic connection of a railway vehicle, comprising a tetrahedral body with an open neck, inside of which there is a spacer assembly, movable friction plates and a pusher that rests on a set of elastic elements, characterized in that, in order to improve the operational characteristics of the absorbing apparatus, the spacer assembly is made in the form of a device consisting of a cylinder filled with a volume-deformable composition, a rod and a cover and located in the neck of the tetrahedral housing inside a massive mandrel, through which the shock force from the automatic coupler is transmitted, and the tetrahedral case is made with slopes on the working surfaces.