RU2484255C1 - Rack-and-pinion piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed machine comprises crankcase with cylinders fitted therein. Pistons are coupled by double-side racks. Every said rack is articulated with main shaft. Motion conditions are ensured by inner-gearing intermittent half-pinions.

EFFECT: expanded performances, possibility of using as high-efficiency ICE.

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Description

The proposed technical solution relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, the production of compressors, pumps.

Piston machines are used as internal combustion engines, compressors or pumps.

A device is known - ICE (internal combustion engine), the basis of which is a KShM (crank mechanism), which converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion of the crankshaft (Internal combustion engines: Design and operation of piston and combined engines. / V.P. . Alekseev et al. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1990. - 288 p.).

However, the crankshaft has significant drawbacks: the force from the gas pressure on the piston is not fully used to rotate the crankshaft, reducing the efficiency of the mechanism and the engine, “rearrangement” of the piston occurs at dead points — a change in the direction of the lateral force, which creates dynamic loads. KShM is structurally complex - it has several loaded swivel joints: main and connecting rod necks, piston pin bearings, requiring a perfect lubrication system with supply of motor oil under pressure. To balance the mass of cranks, it is necessary to install balances, you need a flywheel that accumulates the energy of the working stroke, providing other engine strokes, as well as the passage of the piston through the dead points.

The force from the gas pressure on the piston is decomposed into two components: one along the axis of the connecting rod, the other creates a lateral load on the piston, causing energy loss due to friction and wear. The force acting along the connecting rod axis on the crank pin also decomposes into two components: one loads the main necks, and the payload - the torque on the crankshaft creates only the second component of the force perpendicular to the crank.

Known rodless internal combustion engines without crankshaft based on copyright certificate No. 118471 (Balandin S.S. Rodless piston internal combustion engines. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1972. - 176 p., Fig. 3-10, etc.). The rod-free mechanism makes it possible to constructively carry out a two-sided working process in cylinders with small dimensions and high speed engines and to obtain almost double liter and overall power as a result.

However, the known rodless mechanism has complex kinematics. In a number of designs, the function of the connecting rods is performed by the sliders, but in any case there remains a crankshaft, which is difficult to manufacture, its main necks need lubrication under pressure, gears must be installed between the crankshaft and drive shafts (Fig. 12), which complicate the engine design.

Known rack gears interconnected with pistons. The world’s first steam three-wheeled wagon, Kunho, was driven to the front wheel by two pistons of steam engines with racks working alternately. One of N. Otto’s first engines had a vertical cylinder, the piston of which interacted with the rack and pinion of the power take-off shaft through an overrunning clutch.

However, these machines and mechanisms were imperfect, had a low efficiency, low rotational speed, and hence low power. Freewheels are short-lived, they do not provide a clear response at high speed.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a piston machine with a gear-rack mechanism (Internal combustion engines: Design and operation of piston and combined engines. / V.P. Alekseev et al. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1990. - P.262, fig. .182, b).

It is known that such a piston machine consists of cylinders located in them oppositely deployed pistons with a gear rack pivotally mounted on each piston engaged with a gear fixed to the shaft.

However, a piston machine with such a mechanism has limited capabilities and the gear-rack mechanism is used only as a synchronizing mechanism on high-speed gas generators.

The problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to expand the capabilities of a piston machine with a gear-rack mechanism.

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that the piston machine contains a crankcase with the cylinders fixed in it, pistons with gear racks, while the pistons are connected by two-sided gear racks, each gear rack is connected by a gearbox to the main shaft, the gearbox consists of two gear blocks, mounted rotation supports on the axes, which are fixed by a bar on an axis fixed in the gear cover, on the support of rotation of this axis there is a housing for matching an incomplete half gear with internal gearing, a hook connected with the external gears of the blocks, the internal gears of the blocks are engaged with a double-sided gear rack, a gear is fixed to the housing of the matching half-gear, which is engaged with the gear of the main shaft mounted on the rotation bearings.

The proposed technical solution significantly expands the capabilities of the piston machine, it is reversible - it can be used as a high-speed, high-speed internal combustion engine, as well as a compressor or pump, including a multi-cylinder,

Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of a gear rack piston machine in a state when the pistons are in the extreme left position: the left piston at TDC (top dead center), the right piston at BDC (bottom dead center). The gas distribution mechanism, cooling systems, lubrication systems, and others are not shown in the diagram. Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a gear-rack piston machine along the axes of gear arrangement. The section is simplified - seals, fixing bearings, axles, etc. are not shown.

In the crankcase 1 with the walls 2 and the covers of the gearbox 3, the cylinders 4 with the cylinder heads 5 are fixed (see Fig. 2 and 1). In the cylinders 4, pistons 6 are installed with compression and oil scraper piston rings connected by double-sided gear racks 7. The racks 7 are engaged with the internal gears 8 of the tubular shaft 9 of the gear unit with the external gears 10. For ease of installation, one of the gears 8 or 10 should be removable from the tubular shaft 9 of the block (connector gear and tubular shaft is not shown). Tubular shafts 9 of blocks with gears 8 and 10 are mounted on axles 11 with rotation bearings 12, for example roller or needle bearings, they are also installed in rotation bearings 13 in the walls 2 of the crankcase. The axis 11 of the gear blocks are fixed by connecting rods 14, which are fixed on the axles 15, fixed in the covers 3 of the gearbox. On the axles 15 on the bearings of rotation 16, housings 17 of matching half-gears 18 with internal gearing are installed, in which the teeth are cut on an arc of no more than half the circumference. A gear 19 is fixed to the housing 17, which is engaged with the gear 20 fixed on the main shaft 21 mounted on the rotation bearings 22 in the gearbox covers 3.

The proposed gear rack piston machine operates as follows.

1. ICE mode. In Fig. 1, the left stroke is the force from the gas pressure of the burning working mixture in the left part of the cylinder 4 acts on the left piston 6 and the lower gear of the double-sided gear rack 7, the teeth of which interact with the teeth of the lower internal gear 8, forcing it, the tubular shaft 9 of the block gears, the outer gear 10 rotate clockwise. The outer gear 10 drives the matching half-gear 18 with internal gearing, in which the teeth are cut on an arc of no more than half the circumference. At this time, the upper inner gear 8 with the tubular shaft of the block 9 and the outer gear 10 rotates idle, since there are no teeth on the left portion of the matching half-gear 18. The torque from the lower outer gear 10, matching the incomplete half gear 18, through its housing 17, through the gears 19 and 20 is supplied to the main shaft 21. The main shaft 21 transfers energy to the flywheel (not shown), which provides the drive for actuating and auxiliary mechanisms, as well as accumulates part of the energy for other engine cycles. If the engine is four-stroke, then in the right cavity of the cylinder 4 there can occur either an exhaust cycle - exhaust gas displacement, or an air compression cycle (diesels or gasoline engines with direct fuel injection) or compression of the working mixture (carbureted or engines with centralized or distributed fuel injection in the intake collector). When the right piston 6 reaches TDC, the lower outer gear 10 is disengaged from the internal gear of the matching half-gear 18, and the upper outer gear 10 will mesh with the matching half-gear 18 and will change the direction of movement of the double-sided gear rack 7.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of an eight-piston machine. Four gears from matching half-gears 18 provide the drive of two gears 20 of the main shaft 21. A compact, strong and rigid structure of low metal consumption is obtained.

2. Compressor or pump mode. Applying a torque to the main shaft 21, the gears 20 move the gears 19 and the matching half-gears 18 are moved along the housing 17. If the teeth of the half-gear 18 engage with the lower outer gear 10, then it rotates the inner gear 8 by the tubular shaft 9 of the gear block and it moves the double-sided gear rack 7 from the left position to the right (see figure 1). In the right half, for the compressor, air (gas) compression or for the pump liquid displacement, in the left half - air (gas) inlet (suction) or liquid filling. In this case, the rack 7 rotates the upper gear 8, the tubular shaft 9 of the gear block and the outer gear 10, which rotates idle without engagement with the matching half-gear 18. When the matching half-gear 18 disengages with the lower gear 10 and engages with the upper gear, the force is transmitted to the upper row of teeth of the rack 7, which moves the pistons 6 from the right to the left. In the left half - air (gas) compression or liquid displacement, in the right half - air (gas) inlet (suction) or liquid filling.

The gear rack piston machine can be either single-cylinder (single-piston) or multi-cylinder. The layout of the machine allows the use of one cylinder for the installation of two opposed pistons. In this case, one gearbox is sufficient, and the torque can be removed from the housing 17 matching half-gear 18, providing a shaft exit of this housing through the cover 3 of the gearbox. You can use separately half of the machine shown in figure 2, the axis 11 is fixed not only by the connecting straps 14, but also by the cylinders 8. We get a four-piston machine. Adding such "halves", you can get 12, 16, etc. piston machines. The increased diameter of the gearing of the half gear 18 provides a significant stroke of the two-sided gear rack 7 and the pistons 6, we get a long-stroke piston machine.

The use of multi-cylinder engines will make it possible to obtain high-power internal combustion engines, while a better balancing of engine operation will occur and a flywheel of lower relative mass will be required. Multi-cylinder multi-stage compressors with a sequential increase in gas pressure can be obtained not only due to the number of gears and the interconnected gear racks and pistons, but also by installing step pistons.

Claims (1)

A gear rack piston machine comprising a crankcase with cylinders fixed in it, pistons with gear racks, characterized in that the pistons are connected by double-sided gear racks, each gear rack is connected by a reducer to the main shaft, the gearbox consists of two gear blocks, rotation bearings mounted on axes , which are fixed by a strap on an axis fixed in the gear cover, on the support of rotation of this axis there is a housing matching the incomplete half gear with internal gearing engaged with the outer gears by the thorns of the blocks, the internal gears of the blocks are engaged with the double-sided gear rack, a gear is fixed to the housing of the matching half-gear, which is engaged with the gear of the main shaft mounted on the rotation bearings.

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