RU218640U1 - ENERGY MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to power machines and reciprocating internal combustion engines. The technical result of the utility model - providing the possibility of creating a power machine with adjustable output power of rotation of its output shaft is achieved due to the fact that the power machine containing an internal combustion engine, configured to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons in the engine cylinders into the rotational motion of its gears, centrically mounted on segments of the shaft of the internal combustion engine and connecting the gears of adjacent cylinders, due to the eccentric connection of the piston connecting rod to the mentioned engine gears, and the gear of the machine, mounted on a separate shaft of the machine, engaged with the gears of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that the gears on shaft of the power machine are mounted motionless relative to the mentioned shaft, and their number corresponds to the number of stages in the power machine, each of the steps represents one gear of the machine and one or more internal combustion engines, while the gear of the machine of one stage engages with the gears of the internal combustion engine of this same steps. 1 w.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to power machines and reciprocating internal combustion engines [F01B 9/00, F01B 9/04, F16H 21/00, F16H 21/10, F16H 21/16, F16H 21/18].

A GEAR ENGINE [EP 2503129 (A1), published: 09/26/2012] is known from the prior art, containing an internal combustion engine having one or more first cylinders, in which the corresponding piston is slidably placed, while the cylinder and piston form a combustion chamber, the piston is pivotally connected to the connecting rod, the gear motor comprises an output shaft, a pair of driving gears arranged parallel to each other, a pair of driven gears arranged parallel to each other on the output shaft, the first of said driven gears being driven by the first driving gear, and the other of said driven gears is driven by the other drive gear, wherein the connecting rod is connected to both drive gears in an eccentric position to drive these drive gears, the position of the eccentric being eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the drive gears .

Also known is a CONNECTING AND CRANK SYSTEM [IT 201800004523 (A1), published: 10/16/2019], consisting of a crankshaft mounted on at least one pair of end bearings, connected to at least one consumer through a rotating shaft and at least one piston with a corresponding connecting rod, characterized in that it contains at least one gear formed by the first gear meshed with the second gear, said first gear is integral with the crankshaft and centered relative to a pair of end bearings, said second the gear wheel is integral with the rotating shaft, the first gear wheel is provided with at least one eccentric socket for mounting the connecting rod pin to the said first gear wheel.

The closest in technical essence is a MACHINE [DE 102006033200 (A1), published: 24.01.2008], containing a housing in which a crankshaft is rotatably mounted, on which at least one connecting rod bearing a piston is pivotally fixed, and the piston is made with the possibility of movement in the cylinder covered by the cylinder head to form a working chamber, and the crankshaft is connected to the working shaft through a gear, characterized in that the crankshaft and the working shaft are installed in the housing so that they are stationary relative to each other, the crankshaft the shaft is made of segments, at least on the ends of which the drive gears are mounted, the drive gears of adjacent segments of the shaft are interconnected by a connecting rod pin, the drive gear is mounted on the crankshaft segment on the bearing, the driven gear is mounted on the working shaft, which is engaged with the drive gear , the connecting rod is connected to the drive gear eccentrically with the possibility of converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotation of the drive gear on the crankshaft segment.

The main technical problem of the analogs and the prototype is the inability to control the output shaft rotational power, since the internal combustion engine used in the above solutions is, in essence, a single-stage one and changing the number of steps to control the output shaft rotational power without replacing the engine is impossible. Another disadvantage of the analogs and the prototype is the large overall dimensions of the power machines built according to the above schemes. In addition, a significant drawback of the prototype is the fixed relative position of the crankshaft and the working shaft and rotational motion is transmitted directly from the drive gear driven due to their movable mounting on the mentioned shafts. This solution complicates the design of the machine and reduces its reliability.

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the utility model is to enable the creation of a power machine with adjustable output power of rotation of its output shaft.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a power machine containing an internal combustion engine, configured to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons in the engine cylinders into the rotational movement of its gears, the gears are centrally mounted on the shaft of the internal combustion engine and engage with the gear of the machine mounted on a separate shaft, characterized in that the shaft of the power machine is divided into segments, where a gear is mounted on each segment motionless, relative to the said shaft, the number of shaft segments corresponds to the number of steps in the power machine, each of the steps is a gear of the machine and the engine of the internal combustion, the gears of which, transmitting the reciprocating motion of the pistons through the connecting rods, engage with the gear of the machine, while the adjacent segments of the main shaft are connected in series by a clutch to increase the power of the power machine shaft by summing the power of the internal combustion engines of the power machine stages.

In particular, the connection of the gears of the internal combustion engine with the gear of each of the stages of the power machine can be made through a differential with the possibility of transferring and adding the power flows of the power machine stages of different angular velocities into one outgoing power flow of the main shaft.

In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a two-stage power machine.

Figure 2 shows a kinematic diagram of a two-stage power machine with a segmented main shaft.

Figure 3 shows the kinematic diagram of a two-cylinder internal combustion engine.

The figures indicate: 1 - machine body, 2 - main shaft, 3 - machine gears, 4 - internal combustion engine gears, 5 - internal combustion engine housings, 6 - cylinders, 7 - pistons, 8 - connecting rods, 9 - internal combustion engine shaft segments, 10 - coupling clutch.

Implementation of the utility model

The largest internal combustion engine in the world is a Wartsila-Sulzer crosshead crank, turbocharged two-stroke marine diesel engine equipped with an RTA96-C intercooler, having the following characteristics:

weight - 2300 tons;

length - 27 m;

height - 13.4 m;

type of turbocharging - constant pressure;

number of valves - 1 exhaust valve per cylinder;

cylinder diameter - 960 mm;

piston stroke - 2500 mm;

working volume of the cylinder - 1820 liters;

the working volume of a 14-cylinder engine is 25480 liters;

average piston speed - 8.5 m/s;

maximum power - 108,920 hp at 102 rpm;

maximum torque - 7,907,720 Nm at 102 rpm;

fuel consumption - more than 6,283 l / h.

The classical scheme of the internal combustion engine used in the engine made it possible to use about 50% of the thermal energy obtained from fuel combustion, which is a good indicator, while the dimensions of the reduced engine are significant.

The power of the internal combustion engine P [kW] is determined by the formula:

N = MKR ⋅ n/ 9550,

where MKR is the engine torque, n is the crankshaft speed.

The MKR torque depends on the piston stroke, the larger the stroke, the larger the arm, and the larger the arm, the more work is done, but the number of revolutions decreases.

The utility model is a power machine in the housing 1 (see figure 1) which, at least on one pair of end bearings with the possibility of rotation, mounted the main shaft 2 rigidly mounted on it the gear of the machine 3. The power machine may include several stages, where one stage of the power machine is one gear of the machine 3 and one or more internal combustion engines, the gear of the machine 3 engages with the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 (ICE - internal combustion engine) of one stage. Thus, when performing a multi-stage power machine, the number of machine gears 3 mounted on the main shaft 2 must correspond to the number of steps in the power machine. In one embodiment, the output shaft 2 may consist of segments of the main shaft 10 (see figure 2), each of which in the housing 1 is mounted on its pair of end supports, while the mentioned adjacent segments of the main shaft 2 are interconnected by a clutch 10. Clutch 10 is made of friction, cam, etc.

The internal combustion engine of a power machine contains an internal combustion engine housing 5, in which one or more cylinders 6 are mounted. A piston 7 is placed in the cylinder 6 with the possibility of reciprocating motion, while a combustion chamber is formed in the cylinder 6 above the piston 7. The piston 7 is pivotally connected to the connecting rod 8, which in turn is eccentrically connected to a pair of ICE gears 4 between them, while the planes of rotation of the ICE 4 gears are parallel. The gears of the internal combustion engine 4 are fixedly and centrally mounted on the segments of the shaft of the internal combustion engine 9, mounted along one axis on bearings mounted in the housing of the internal combustion engine 5 with the possibility of rotation, while the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 of two adjacent cylinders 6 are mounted on one segment of the shaft of the internal combustion engine 9 (see Fig. 3). The connecting rod 8 is mounted in the center between the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 with the possibility of evenly distributing the load on the axis of the connecting rod 4, the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 and the segments of the shaft of the internal combustion engine 9 and increasing the reliability of such a connection.

If there are several cylinders 6 in the internal combustion engine, the connecting rods 8 of neighboring pistons 7 are mounted diametrically opposite to the gears of the internal combustion engine 4.

In one embodiment, the gear of the machine 4 is made in the form of two paired or separate gears mounted on the main shaft 2, each of which engages with the gears of the internal combustion engine 4, to which the connecting rod 8 of one piston 7 is mounted.

For even load distribution and stability in the power machine, the number of steps must be at least two, the power of internal combustion engines is selected depending on the required power when entering the transmission. The number of revolutions of the main shaft 2 can be selected by the gear ratio of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 and the gears of the machine 3 of the power machine. The proposed design of the power machine, due to several stages, allows you to set the required power of the power machine as needed.

In one of the embodiments, the connection of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 stages of the power machine with the gear of machine 3 is implemented through a differential (not shown in the figures) with the possibility of transferring and adding power flows of different angular velocities of the stages of the power machine without slipping and loss of efficiency into one outgoing power stream main shaft 2.

The operation of the power machine is based on converting the reciprocating motion of the piston 7 with the connecting rod 8 of the internal combustion engine into the rotational motion of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 and transferring the said rotational motion to the gear of the machine 3 with the addition of the power of the stages of the power machine, each of which transmits the rotational motion of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 to a separate machine gear 3.

When starting the internal combustion engine of the first stage of the power machine, the cycle of the internal combustion engine begins with the compression stroke, when the piston 7 of the engine due to the inertia of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 moves from the bottom to the top dead center. When the piston 7 reaches the top dead center, ignition occurs in the cylinder 6 of the fuel-air mixture. The energy generated during the ignition of the fuel-air mixture acts on the piston 7 and pushes it to the bottom dead center. The piston 7 transmits the reciprocating motion through the connecting rod 8 to the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 and those due to the eccentric connection with the connecting rod 8 convert the reciprocating motion of the piston 7 into rotational motion. The rotational movement of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4 is transmitted to the gear of the machine 3, which is engaged with the gears of the internal combustion engine 4, and the gears of the machine 3, respectively, due to the rigid connection with the main shaft 2, transmit the resulting rotational movement to the main shaft 2. In this case, only the installed power of the first stage is used.

As the need arises to increase the power of the main shaft 2 in the embodiment of the main shaft 2 in the form of segments, one segment of the main shaft 2 is connected by means of clutches 10 to the neighboring segments of the main shaft 2, while the first stage of the machine starts the internal combustion engine of the second stage, and the power output from the main shaft 2 of the machine is doubled. The third and subsequent stages are connected in the same way, which allows you to adjust the rotation power of the main shaft 2 by connecting or disconnecting the machine steps.

In 2022, the author of the utility model made mock-up tests and calculations, which led to the conclusion that the installation of the main shaft 2 with the gears of the machine 3 in a power machine with atmospheric internal combustion engines allows you to remove the rigid relationship between the piston stroke 7 and the number of revolutions of the gears of the internal combustion engine 4. Main shaft 2 with the gears of the machine 3 allows you to get the required torque at a given number of revolutions.

For example, by reducing the overall dimensions of the RTA96-C internal combustion engine (cylinder, piston, connecting rod) by four times, the piston diameter will be 240 mm, the piston stroke will be 625 mm, while in order to maintain the power of the power machine reduced in size, the number of revolutions should be 408 rpm When changing the classical scheme of the power machine to the one proposed by the author of the utility model, the diameter of the machine gear 3 on the main shaft 2 should be 2500 mm.

In this case, at the output of the internal combustion engine, by increasing the number of revolutions to 408, the required power is obtained, by transferring this power to gear 3, which has a shoulder to create a torque of 1250 mm, at the output of the main shaft we have 102 rpm , while the power machine according to the proposed scheme will have dimensions and weight an order of magnitude smaller than that of the power machine built according to the classical scheme, with the power and speed of the main shaft 2 unchanged.

Implementing a technical solution in the form of a multi-stage power machine, where each gear of the machine 3 has its own internal combustion engine, and by segmenting the main shaft, connecting the segments to each other with clutches 10, we get the opportunity to adjust the rotation power of the main shaft 2.

Claims (2)

1. A power machine containing an internal combustion engine configured to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons in the engine cylinders into the rotational motion of its gears, the gears are centrally mounted on the shaft of the internal combustion engine and engage with the gear of the machine mounted on a separate shaft, different the fact that the shaft of the power machine is divided into segments, where a gear is mounted on each segment motionlessly, relative to the said shaft, the number of shaft segments corresponds to the number of steps in the power machine, each of the steps is a gear of the machine and an internal combustion engine, the gears of which, transmitting back - the translational movement of the pistons through the connecting rods, engage with the gear of the machine, while the adjacent segments of the main shaft are connected in series with each other by a clutch to increase the power of the power machine shaft by summing the power of the internal combustion engines of the power machine stages. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the gears of the internal combustion engine with the gear of each of the stages of the power machine can be performed through a differential with the possibility of transferring and adding different in their angular speed power flows of the power machine stages into one outgoing power flow of the main shaft.

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