RU2440500C2 - Single-cycle recovery engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: engine equipped with systems enabling the operation includes at least one working chamber equipped with two end covers. Inside the chamber there installed is at least one piston of double action with two working surfaces, which divides the working chamber at least in two working volumes. Piston is connected at least to one stock at least of one movement converter without a piston rod, which provides the piston with the hold at dead points; at that, recovery system is pneumatic and provided with a receiver, and working chamber has the possibility of operating in compressor mode. Hold of piston is provided with the conditions for qualitative gas exchange, immediate injection and complete combustion of fuel mixture. Several operating modes of the engine are possible: as internal combustion engine, as wheel-driven compressor, as engine-driven compressor, and as pneumatic engine.

EFFECT: increasing economic and ecologic properties and specific power.

10 dwg, 23 cl

Description

The invention relates to engine building, allows you to create a combined (recovery) power plants and can be applied in the automotive industry, in civil, agricultural, military, sports, in water and motor vehicles, propeller aviation, for the drive of hand tools, in industry and energy.

The concept of “tact” defines the number of processes of the thermodynamic cycle, which are provided by the piston in the interval between the dead points, and under the word “tact” the number of such movements during the period a full thermodynamic cycle is performed by one charge of the working fluid. But since the vast majority of motion converters of internal combustion engines (hereinafter referred to as ICE) are based on a crank mechanism (hereinafter referred to as KShM), which allows, as a rule, to produce an even number of clock cycles for the implementation of the thermodynamic cycle, therefore, in the vast majority of cases, engines are divided into “push-pull” or “four-stroke”, although all engines without exception can be classified as “five-stroke”, even called one-, two- or four-stroke, because In the open thermodynamic cycle of an internal combustion engine, five processes of this cycle are reproduced, which require time for their implementation - these are: 1) inlet, 2) compression, 3) combustion, 4) working stroke, 5) exhaust. These cycles are a necessary and sufficient condition for the operability of any heat engine. However, KShM cannot provide a separate cycle of “combustion” with its kinematics, because it is not movement, but standing. The “release” and “inlet” cycles characterize the process of cooling the working fluid and are “ballast”, but they occupy separate cycles in four-stroke and a significant time-section in two-stroke engines. In a conventional ICE with a crank engine, some of the cycles are combined and overlapping one another, for example, in a four-stroke engine at the end of the compression stroke, combustion starts, which continues after the piston passes the top dead center (hereinafter - TDC) in the stroke of the working stroke. In a two-stroke engine, the compression stroke is combined with the intake stroke and the combustion stroke, and the stroke of the travel stroke is combined with the combustion stroke and the exhaust. Those. there is a layering of measures from one to another, while layered measures individually lose their effectiveness and this reduces the power and worsens the characteristics of the whole process. The efficiency of the internal combustion engine as a heat engine is mainly determined by the degree of perfection of the thermodynamic processes and sufficiently large reserves of the internal combustion engine are located in the thermodynamic part. But the mechanical part, which allows you to adapt the operation of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the requirements of the thermodynamic cycle, ensures the conversion and output of kinetic energy, provides the alternation and completeness of the flow of cycles. Therefore, it is relevant to search for a method or mechanism that would put into practice a full five-cycle cycle.

Known piston machine (patent RU 31404 U1, publ. 08/10/2003 Bull. No. 22), in which the working chamber and the piston in cross section are rectangular in shape with rounded corners, and slots are made on the side surfaces of the piston, into which seals with pressing springs. The purpose of replacing the cylinder with a working chamber with a rectangular cross section is only economic, because the author believes that the forging and press manufacturing technology will reduce the cost of the working chamber.

This machine in the presented form can be used as an air motor or pump, but not as an internal combustion engine, because the elements inherent in the internal combustion engine are not represented. The sealing plates are strictly adapted to the dimensions of the working chamber and do not allow lateral wear or temperature changes in dimensions, since in this case, the sealing plate will move away from the wall of the working chamber and a gap will appear, which will lead to decompression.

Known air engine company MDI (http://www.mdi.lu/moteurs.php), which is made in a U-shaped scheme and contains two cylinders - a small discharge and a large - working. The principle of operation of this engine is as follows: the piston of the large cylinder rises at TDC and stops there at a standstill, and the small piston draws in air and compresses it in the small cylinder to a pressure level of 20 bar and pushes it into a spherical chamber. In this case, the air warms up to + 400 ° C. Cold compressed air is supplied from the cylinders into the same chamber under pressure, where it is mixed with hot air, heat exchange takes place, and all the air in the over-piston volumes is heated and expanded, the pressure rises sharply. To ensure better mixing, which requires a certain amount of time, the piston of the large cylinder stops for a while at TDC (mixing stroke of the working fluid), a special slip clutch mounted on the crank of the crankshaft in a system with a composite connecting rod provides a dwell. After standing up, the piston of the large cylinder breaks down sharply with acceleration (“catches up” the runaway crankshaft) and transfers the working force to the crankshaft, with a uniform rotation of the output shaft. The steps of this cycle are: 1) compression (compressed air is heated to 400 ° C); 2) the supply of cold air and mixing with hot (carried out by standing at TDC); 3) working stroke; 4) release; 5) inlet. With a sharp movement of the working piston downward, the temperature drops to almost 0 ° C, which greatly cools the cylinder walls and reduces the effect of further expansion work, so the cylinder walls must be heated. In the engine, internal kinematics combines the intake strokes with the compression stroke, and the working stroke with the exhaust stroke, this combination of strokes requires an elongated cylinder to provide a time-section for the production of "ballast" intake and exhaust strokes. The disadvantage of this solution is obvious - unjustified complexity, heavy weight, large dimensions of the engine, unsuccessful design of a slip clutch, which significantly increases the speed of the piston. In addition, the motion converter in the form of a CABG has a low effective efficiency (hereinafter referred to as efficiency).

As a prototype, according to the number of cycles of the working cycle and the possibility of using an air hybrid engine, the engine of the company Scuderi (www.scuderigroup.com) was chosen. Its working cycle is based on the technology of a divided cycle and ignition after the pistons pass the top dead center. Fundamentally, the Scuderi engine consists of two parallel U-shaped and channel-connected cylinders. In one of them is the inlet and compression of the working mixture, in the other - the working stroke and exhaust gas. Mixing and burning of the working mixture occurs at a time when both pistons are in the area of top dead center (TDC). In the concept of Scuderi, a complete cycle takes place in one revolution of the shaft. In addition to fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness, the Scuderi engine develops much more torque than conventional ICEs.

In fact, the two-cylinder U-shaped section of the Scuderi engine operates on a five-cycle duty cycle, as in each section cylinder, the piston performs two cycles per cycle, but a system of two cylinders connected by a channel and sequentially moving pistons can create a “pseudo-standstill” cycle in TDC, because It is impossible to make one piston with the help of KShM. The pseudo-hollow is as follows: 1) the first piston does not reach TDC a little, the second piston is at TDC, 2) then the first piston goes to TDC, the second piston drops just below TDC, while in the volume of the two combustion chambers U-shaped cylinders are connected and a channel connecting them for a short time forms a constant volume, during which there is a better mixing of gases and a more complete combustion of the working mixture under high pressure in a conditionally constant volume, which is very good for azatelyah engine. In addition, this design provides good gas exchange. The engine can operate in air recovery mode, i.e. when braking, accumulate air in the receiver, and then use it as a boost or as a working fluid when the engine is running as an air motor.

This design as an internal combustion engine is identical to the U-shaped two-piston Zoller engine (1930), which was actively used on sports and military equipment of those times. New in the Scuderi engine is the recovery and boost from the recovery system, as the low compression ratio due to the large volumes of the combustion chambers and the bypass channel makes the U-shaped engine practically useless without the organization of boost. To ensure piston uptime at the TDC, the engine is unjustifiably complicated — duplicated “extra” elements — a cylinder and a piston with a connecting rod — are installed, the crankshaft is lengthened, the mechanical gas distribution system is complicated — all this makes it much more expensive, increases weight and dimensions, worsens balancing, and increases friction in the piston-piston group, this also adds to the insufficient effective efficiency of the CABG. One section of two cylinders and pistons cannot simultaneously pump air into the receiver and operate as an internal combustion engine; operation as an air engine is not provided. The combustion process in this engine and its unbalanced design will cause vibration and increased noise. For ordinary consumers, such an engine will be too expensive, difficult to operate and uneconomical.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the economic and environmental characteristics of the engine and specific power.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a single-cycle recovery engine equipped with work support systems, comprising at least one working chamber, closed by an end cap, at least on one side, is installed on at least one rod inside the working chamber at least one piston, characterized in that the engine is equipped with at least one rodless motion transducer, allowing the piston to carry out at least one stand at least at one dead point of its motion, wherein the piston is made of at least one working surface, and workflows are either not tested, at least in one working volume of the working chamber; a gear-frame mechanism was used as a converter for moving the pistons into rotation of the power shaft; the gear frame of the motion transducer is connected to the piston by means of rigid and / or flexible rods and is installed in any convenient place of the engine housing and / or outside the engine housing; the flexible rod of the motion converter is equipped with at least one swivel and / or turnbuckle; air receiver is charged in any way: from the engine in compressor mode; when braking; directly from any compressor station; from a power source, while the generator mounted on the engine works like an electric motor, and the engine itself works like a compressor; from a stationary or portable electric pump (for example, for inflation of tires); from the starting pyrotechnic or chemical cartridge, which is installed in the gateway unit in the receiver or pipeline; from the air in the wheels of the car; the piston rod is configured to change length by means of a screw pair or clutch; ready-to-use air-fuel mixture is fed into the working chamber; equipped with direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber; the cross section of the working chamber is made in any form: round, ellipse, oval (in the form of an elongated circle), triangular, or square with right angles, and at least one piston installed inside the working chamber has the same as the working chamber transverse section; the piston rod working surface is equipped with a pipe; control of valves providing gas distribution - electric, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or in a combination of methods; the movement of two pistons in the working chamber is carried out either in antiphase or sequentially step by step one after another; spark ignition and / or catalytic and / or glow ignition are used to ignite the working mixture; lubrication of the walls of the working chamber is carried out by a lubricator installed inside the piston; the oil is supplied to the lubricator by means of oil injection through openings equipped in the wall (s) of the working chamber at the moment of piston stand-up (dwell); as a recovery unit, a generator, an electric motor and a battery pack, and / or a capacitor bank, and / or a flywheel are used; the piston is equipped with a system for changing the distance between the working surfaces of the piston: either in the form of screw pairs, or in the form of a lever or lever-screw mechanism, or in the form of a hydraulic or electric drive, or in a combination of types; during the compression stroke fuel is metered into the working chamber; the generator works as an electric motor and performs the following tasks: to accelerate engine rotation; starter; drive to download the receiver; vehicle movement; the piston on one or both sides of the working surfaces is equipped with a turbulator made in the form of an impeller mounted on the rod of the motion transducer; end caps of the working chamber are made of heat-resistant ceramics and are not equipped with a cooling system; the design of the engine and / or the operation support system provides the possibility of choosing any operating mode: the implementation of a single-cycle duty cycle in the over-piston and / or under-piston working volumes of the working chamber; thermodynamic cycle with one-, two- or another tact cycle of the power plant, consisting of one or more working chambers; pressurization into working volumes, where a thermodynamic cycle is made from one working volume of the working chamber to another and / or pressurization from the receiver; the operation of the engine as a compressor from the drive of a standard electric generator operating in the electric motor mode; the operation of a part of the engine as a compressor while the other part is operating in a thermodynamic cycle; work as an air engine; work as an air motor; shutdown of idle working volumes and / or working chambers and their transfer to a passive mode of operation; the air system is equipped with a heat exchanger-recuperator and / or utilizer.

The technical result, when implementing the invention, is expressed in the fact that the use in the single-cycle regenerative engine (hereinafter referred to as the ARD) of new units and schemes of work will lead to a qualitative improvement in the parameters:

1. The use of a rodless motion transducer in the form of a gear-frame mechanism (ZRM) will provide:

- more uniform removal of torque at all stages of the movement of the piston,

- high speed and uniformity of movement of the piston,

- a large number of layout schemes,

- complete combustion of fuel and better gas exchange due to dwellings,

- change in compression ratio,

- installation of two pistons in one working chamber with a different law of their movement,

- direct fuel injection,

- heat and / or catalytic ignition,

- lower energy costs per compression cycle,

- lack of energy costs for gas exchange,

- the use of flexible rods for the transfer of mechanical energy,

- use of a turbulator for better mixing of the working mixture,

- the impact of shock loads during fuel ignition during periods of standstill is damped by a gear frame.

2. The use of electrically operated gas distribution valves will ensure

- choice of tact,

- choice of operating mode,

- Automation of the operational processes of the firearm (for example, starting off, driving in traffic jams, braking, reverse).

3. The working chamber of square cross-section will provide:

- fuller use of the internal space of the structure,

- placement of any quantity and in any sequence of gas distribution valves on its flat faces,

- retention of the piston from rotation when changing the degree of compression,

- simplification of manufacture.

4. The use of a recovery system will provide:

- accumulation of braking energy and its use for movement,

- movement of the car on stored energy,

- removal from the power plant of the starter, turbocharging system, gearbox,

- environmental cleanliness,

- high profitability.

5. The use of a universal generator-electric motor will provide:

- air injection into the receivers at parking points equipped with a power outlet,

- an increase in power to the engine when starting or moving,

- engine start-up,

- charging the batteries and / or capacitors of the electrical recovery system when braking or parking,

- promotion of the flywheel.

6. The use of a lubricator will provide:

- separate lubrication of the walls of the working chamber,

- reducing the amount of oil leaving the exhaust.

7. The use of ceramic end caps of the working chamber will provide:

- simplification of the cooling system,

- the best combustion of fuel,

- cheaper manufacture of end caps.

8. Glow ignition system will provide:

- better ignition of the working mixture,

- the possibility of manufacturing miniature engines running on gasoline,

- simplification of the ignition system.

The principle of operation and the device ORD is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the principle device of the ARD.

Figure 2 shows the end cover of the working chamber.

Figure 3 shows the methods of connecting the conversion mechanism with the piston.

Increasing the efficiency of the power units of automobiles is possible only by combining various cycles, therefore this technical result is achieved by the fact that at low load conditions the cycle time is changed, the working volume of the power plant is reduced or the switch to an air drive is carried out, and mechanical energy is used to accumulate the energy of compressed air generated by a single-cycle recuperation engine (ORD) or wheels during braking or when the power plant is operating at low load conditions ah. Thus, the main drawback of the known methods of providing the car’s functions is eliminated - burning fuel in a power plant in cases where this can be omitted, which leads to a decrease in fuel consumption. Compared with the prototype, at the same power, the light-emitting diode will have significantly smaller dimensions, less mechanical losses, a higher effective efficiency of the motion converter, the ability to change the compression ratio and working volume, work in several modes, increased piston speed, lower weight of the motion converter, electrically controlled phases gas distribution. The engine can be easily adapted to the accumulation of energy of compressed air, to start the air and work in the air. The energy storage of compressed air (receiver) is connected to the working chambers using controlled valves, this will ensure high controllability and use modern electronic equipment in the control system, which will ensure high control comfort and traffic safety. The shape of the ORD working chambers is preferable to a square cross section, a single-cycle cycle assumes a high thermal loading of the working chamber and end caps, and the parallelepiped has a larger surface area compared to the cylinder, this will contribute to better cooling, moreover, the combustion of fuel occurs completely at a standstill and for the further working expansion of the working fluid the form of the working cameras. The flat faces of the working chamber provide better compression when the gas distribution valves are located on them, and the rectangular cross section of the working chamber prevents the piston from turning when the compression ratio is changed, and also allow more efficient use of the internal volume of the pressure relief valve.

The proposed single-stroke recovery engine with double-acting pistons, in the sense of accepted terminology, has an open single-cycle duty cycle, which implies that in one stroke of the piston between the dead points a complete duty cycle occurs (all five cycles of the thermodynamic process of the heat engine) with the transmission of torque to the power the shaft by means of a gear-frame mechanism (ZRM) (see. "Gear-frame motion converter" - patent No. 2266446, F16H 19/04, publ. 20.12.2005, Bull. No. 35), which allows for high Second in the blind spots.

For the over-piston working volume of the working chamber, the TDC stand allows for direct fuel injection, while the combustion of the fuel charge occurs under conditions of constant volume, i.e. in a compressed form, in a confined space and sufficient time, as a result of this, almost ideal conditions for the combustion of the charge and accumulation of the internal energy of the gas are created, moreover, the stand for the ZRM is energy-saving. Standing at BDC provides the conditions for high-quality gas exchange. In the sub-piston displacement, the cycles are in antiphase. This will dramatically improve the environmental friendliness and efficiency of the engine, increase power.

Fundamentally, the ARD contains (Fig. 1): a working chamber 8, equipped with nozzles 7, 29 for supplying oil to the lubricator, holes for the intake valve 9 and exhaust valve 30, which are connected to the manifolds 13 and 36. The valves are controlled by electromagnets 10 and 31, respectively. The working chamber 8 is closed from the ends by covers 1, 14, which are equipped with glow plugs (and / or spark plugs) 2, 27 (Fig. 2), fuel injection nozzles 5, double-acting air nozzles 15, which allow how to supply air from the receiver to the working chamber (for work from air or when boosting), and from the working chamber to the receiver (for pumping the receiver), and also, if necessary, hole 26 for the piston rod. In the case of manufacturing a multi-chamber design, the end-face end cap can be made one on all chambers and the upper or lower head of the working chamber block will be called.

Inside the working chamber 8 (Fig. 1), a piston is installed with working surfaces in the above-piston working volume 4 and in the under-piston 32. The piston can be composite or monolithic. A lubricator 34 and gaskets 33 are installed inside the piston. The lubricator is installed in such a way that when the piston thickness changes, it is always located in the middle of the piston, and at the dead points it is always opposite the nozzles 7, 29 to supply it with oil designed to lubricate the walls of the working chamber . The working surfaces 4, 32 contain threaded bushings 3, 35 with threads of different directions and interact with a screw sleeve 6, the internal and external threads of which have different directions for interacting with the bushings 3, 35. The screw sleeve 6 is connected via rod 28 and the bearing assembly 16 to toothed frame 25. The rod 28 is equipped internally with slots 11 that interact with the slots of the rotary rod 24. The bearing assembly 16 with a screw sleeve for changing the length of the rod is designed to provide free rotation of the frame from the rod 28 and change the length of the w eye when adjusting the compression ratio in order to ensure different working volumes of the working chamber varying degrees of compression. The rotary rod 24 is mounted on the worm wheel 23, which is rotated by the worm 24 from the motor of the compression ratio control system (not shown). The gear frame 25 interacts with the gear 22 mounted on the power shaft 17. To keep it in constant engagement, a holding roller 19 is mounted on the carrier 20. The gear frame 25 is installed in the crankcase 18. The upper and / or lower working surfaces of the piston 4, 32, having kinematic connection with the motion transducer, equipped with a pipe 12, 42, hermetically connected to the working surface of the piston, inside which there is a rod 48, 49 or rod 28 of the motion transducer.

Toothed frame mechanism (ZRM) can be installed in the ARD in various ways. On figa shows the installation of ZRM in hinges 38, equipped at the ends of the consoles 37, 41, which are installed on the piston rods 12, 42. By changing the length of the rods 39, 40 (according to the lanyard principle), the distance between the working surfaces 4, 32 of the composite piston changes, and thus the compression ratio can be changed.

A similar diagram is shown in Fig.3b, but two gear frames 25 and 46 are installed here, thereby it is possible to change the compression ratio separately in the over- and / or under-piston working volume of the working chamber 8.

On figv ARD is equipped with gear racks 43 and 45, interacting through gear 44, which allows you to fully balance the inertia from moving masses. Similarly to the circuit of FIG. 3a, the compression ratio can be changed.

In Fig. 3d, two pistons are installed in the working chamber 8, which can be forced to move stepwise sequentially one after another or towards one another, which will allow three strokes of the working stroke per revolution of the power shaft. Changing the degree of compression is carried out similarly to the scheme of figa, 3b.

In Fig. 3d, the rigid rods are replaced by flexible couplings 48, 49, which can be a cable, chain, belt, etc., which pass through the rollers 47 and are connected to the frame 25. Since Since the piston is equipped with pipes 12, 42, the passage through them of a flexible connection will not violate the tightness in the end caps. To change the degree of compression, a flexible connection is equipped with a device such as a turnbuckle or swivel to drive a screw mechanism for a piston sliding device. In this case, the gear frame 25 can be taken out to a large distance from the engine itself, for example, when ships are equipped with a power plant of such a scheme, the engine of which can be installed in the middle part in the middle of the mid-frame, and the conversion mechanism can be installed in the stern, which will allow for better balancing of the vessel , eliminate expensive and heavy shaft and shaft shaft.

On fig.3e ARD is equipped with two gear frames 25, 51, which interact with gears 50, 53, mounted on a long power shaft 52.

In Fig. 3g, a similar scheme is used as in 3e, with the exception that instead of a long shaft, a short power shaft 17 is used.

On figs a similar scheme as 3g, except that the power shafts 57, 58 of the gear frames 25, 50 are connected by a chain gear 55 through sprockets 54, 56.

All this shows that there are a large number of circuits connecting the inverter to the motor, which opens up more possibilities for solving problems using the ARD.

Technical features of the design of the working chamber 8 ORD in that it can be made in cross section in the form of a circle (cylinder), ellipse, oval (preferably in the form of an elongated circle), polygon or rectangle (preferably in the form of a square) with right angles similar to the cross-section of at least one single or double acting piston (with one or two working surfaces 4, 32) mounted on one or two rods 12, 42, providing the transmission of forces to the gear-frame converter for visions.

The gas exchange system contains an inlet 13 and an outlet 36 collectors connected to openings equipped in the flat faces of the working chamber 8. Since gas exchange occurs for a long time with the piston standing, the inlet and outlet openings can be installed in the faces of the working chamber anywhere, for example, in the middle or at distances from the end caps of the working chamber, slightly larger than the maximum thickness of the piston located at the dead points of its movement, in any order and in any quantity. The openings of the working chamber are closed by valves 9, 30 controlled by any drive mechanism 10, 31 — a mechanical, hydraulic, electric and / or mechanism with a combined drive.

As part of the power plant when equipped with several working chambers, the firearm can work in several modes simultaneously or separately, the choice of which is provided by the work support systems. The main operating modes of the ARD:

- the implementation of a single-cycle working cycle in the over-piston and / or under-piston working volumes of the working chamber;

- a cycle with a different clock cycle of the internal combustion engine as part of the power plant;

- pressurization into the working volumes where the thermodynamic cycle is made, from one working volume of the working chamber to another;

- pressurization into the working volumes where the thermodynamic cycle is made, from the receiver;

- the operation of the engine as a compressor from the drive of a full-time generator operating in electric motor mode;

- the operation of a part of the engine as a compressor while the other part is operating in a thermodynamic cycle;

- work as an air engine;

- work as an air motor;

- engine braking;

- shutdown of idle working volumes and / or working chambers and their transfer to a passive mode of operation.

An ARD as part of a power plant containing several working chambers, equipped with controlled valves, can provide any tact and easy transition to any mode of operation, and can also provide control of the degree of compression and displacement.

To ensure the operational efficiency of the ARD, it is equipped with various systems and mechanisms for ensuring work, but since they are not the subject of the invention, they will not be considered in detail, unless they are directly modified to ensure the work of the ARDS in the new way.

The main operational support systems of the ARD include:

1) control unit (operation and switching to different operating modes);

2) gas exhaust system;

3) fuel supply and storage system;

4) air supply system (purification, supply, storage, pressurization and storage of air);

5) engine cooling system (air and / or water);

6) a system of heat exchange and / or temperature preparation of the working fluid;

7) launch system (air, gas and / or electric);

8) lubrication system;

9) an electrical system with an ignition and / or ignition system;

10) gas distribution system;

11) mechanism (mechanisms) of motion conversion;

12) a mechanism for changing the degree of compression (a system for sliding the working surfaces of the piston and / or changing or shifting the amplitude of its movement);

13) other systems and mechanisms affecting the quality of work of the ARD.

The principle of operation of the pressure generator is based on the fact that the working chamber 8 (or cylinder) of the pressure sensor is divided by the piston into two working volumes - above and below the piston, in each working volume of the working chamber the working cycles are out of phase for one stroke of the piston, and a full five-stroke working cycle is carried out a cycle with the following sequence of ticks (movement from BDC to TDC):

1. In the over-piston volume — compression (upward movement), mixing and / or combustion (upright at the top dead center), stroke (downward movement), exhaust and inlet – purge (down at the top of the borehole).

2. In the subpiston volume — working stroke (upward movement), purge (upright at TDC), compression (downward movement), combustion (upright at BDC).

Description of the dynamics of the working cycle: while the piston is in dead spots on both sides, the corresponding processes occur, for example, when the piston is in the upper dead center on one side 4 (in the over-piston displacement), facing the end cover 1 of the working chamber 8 in the upper dead center , there is a process of combustion of the fuel mixture in a constant volume, and on the other side of the piston 32 (in the sub-piston displacement), facing the lower end cover 14, exhaust and intake strokes occur, for direct-flow purging the valves can ut can be installed in any quantity and in any sequence, which will ensure complete gas exchange in this volume of the working chamber, and pressurization can be carried out both through the nozzle 15 and through the inlet closed by valve 9. After the end of the stand under pressure of hot gas acting on the side piston 4, facing TDC, it abruptly moves to the opposite - bottom dead center (BDC), while on the side of piston 32 facing TDC, the process of compressing air and / or fuel-air mixture occurs lasting until the piston stops at the BDC. During dwell in the combustion cycle, fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber through the nozzle 5, then the working mixture is ignited by a candle 2 and / or 27 and continues to burn in a constant volume until the piston begins to move to the TDC and the next stroke of the working stroke begins. The dwell is provided with an increased time for the complete combustion of fuel and the accumulation of energy by it. At the same time, there is no need to configure and control parameters such as ignition timing or fuel angle. The fuel injection system into the working chamber (cylinder) in the engine can be used for dosed injection of a small amount of fuel during the compression stroke into compressible air or working mixture to increase their temperature, which will save working air and reduce the rigidity of the working process. Further, the processes are repeated in a different working volume. Stand for gas exchange (purge) and combustion are energetically costless. A gear-frame motion converter (ZRM) provides torque transmission proportionally to the pressure in the working chamber with a constant shoulder, which is much more effective than when using a CABG, in addition, the impact of shock loads during fuel ignition during periods of standstill is transmitted to the power shaft (depending on execution) either through the piston rod 28, or through the gear frame 25, which in this case is a kind of damper.

Charging receivers with air or gases (for example, to ensure starting) can be done in several ways:

- from the operation of the fire alarm in compressor mode (receiver swap), during braking;

- directly from the compressor station;

- from the outlet - in this case, the generator installed on the OAF goes into the electric motor mode of operation, and the OAI itself goes into the compressor mode;

- from a portable electric pump for tire inflation;

- gases from the starting pyrotechnic or chemical cartridge, which is installed in the airlock in the receiver or air pipe, which will allow to maintain the residual pressure in the system;

- from air in the vehicle’s wheels.

Those. Receiving pressure in the receiver is not a problem.

Starting the engine can be carried out by a regular electric generator, which at start-up goes into electric starter mode, while the generator power should be enough to start at least one working chamber.

If in the working volumes of some of the working chambers of the firearm, which is used as a multi-chamber power plant, the skipping of a certain part of the working cycles is allowed, then any tact can be realized, which can vary widely due to the alternation of idle and duty cycles. By changing the stroke, you can adjust the engine power. Adjustment of the horde to a specific mode can be carried out during one stroke of the piston, while the horde can stop or resume the generation of mechanical energy in any mode at any stage or create torque from a place after stopping. With the new possibility of loading the firearm from the place, you can refuse the gearbox and clutch, which allows you to simplify the transmission and combine the workflow with the process of its air start-up and ensure the emergence of significant torque when starting the car. In addition, the vehicle can be braked (if conditions allow) not by the brake pads, but by the firearm, and in two modes - “soft”, when the firework goes into compressor mode in one or more working chambers, or in “hard”, when the back pressure air or exhaust gases in the working volumes inhibits the movement of the pistons and acts as a gas damper when raising and / or lowering the piston.

When the load on the pressure switch or on the low-load thermodynamic cycle is reduced, the cycle cycle changes from a single-cycle cycle to a two-cycle cycle or another cycle with fuel injection turned off in idle displacement, or the engine is switched to passive mode or to the accumulated air mass of the worker body. Disconnected working chambers can either work as a compressor, pumping air into the receiver, or pressurize working working chambers, or move uselessly with closed or open intake and exhaust valves.

Operation of the engine in the air engine mode can only be carried out on an untwisted engine, when the inertia of rotation of the flywheel or other structural elements appears, and its working cycle is as follows: when the piston is in the BDC, the over-piston working volume is filled with air either from the receiver or from atmosphere, then when the piston moves upward under the action of the inertia forces of the flywheel or under the action of other pistons (if the RPM is used as a multi-chamber power plant), rapid compression occurs in zduha, while its temperature rises significantly. When the piston reaches the TDC, there is a standstill during which cold air is supplied to the combustion chamber from the receiver and they are mixed and heat exchanged, as a result of which the working air pressure increases. After the end of the standoff, the gases press on the piston, forcing it to go down and do the work. Upon reaching the BDC, the piston stands up and during this time the exhaust air is released and the working volume is filled with air with the desired temperature. On the other side of the piston, the cycles of the air cycle are repeated in antiphase. The exhaust air may have different temperatures, as with an increase in the lowering speed of the piston, its temperature decreases; therefore, it is advisable to equip the engine with a heat exchanger for temperature treatment of the working air entering the working chamber, and heat can be taken from other systems that are heated, for example, from the cooling system, or heated by injection in compression stroke of the dosed amount of fuel. The effect of lowering the temperature of the exhaust air can be used in climate control or for cooling products during their transportation. The operating mode of the firearm as an air engine is economical, it allows you to economically spend the stored air.

The operation of the firearm as an air pneumatic motor is used to obtain torque from a place and can be carried out from an untwisted firearm. This mode is uneconomical, the air consumption is large, it is also used during the engine's air start, when moving in traffic jams for short distances, parking lots, reversing, etc. In this case, the air pressure from the receiver simply presses on the pistons, causing them to move and do work. During the standstill, the TDC accumulates the energy of the working air, after which its pressure rotates the power shaft better, and when the piston is in the BDC, the exhaust air is better removed. Further, the rising piston squeezes into the atmosphere the air remaining in the working volume, so as not to create counter-pressure. In the subpiston displacement, the process is repeated in antiphase.

The operation of the ARD when pumping the receiver is carried out in this way. One of the working volumes of the working chamber, for example, the over-piston one, works as an internal combustion engine, in this case the lowering piston in the under-piston displacement serves as a compressor, and the air pumped by it can be used as pressurized for the over-piston displacement or to fill the receiver or as working air for the drive Horde. Compressed air from the working chamber is forced into the receiver through a double-acting air nozzle 5, which in this case acts as a bypass valve.

The ORD scheme allows the use of two pistons in antiphase in the working chamber, or sequentially step by step, one after another, then three one-cycle cycles will take place in one working chamber for one revolution of the power shaft, while the working chamber is equipped with one or two SAMs, depending on established law of movement of the pistons is installed or not set the offset gear frames ZRM angle of rotation of the power shaft.

In the multi-chamber design of the ORD design, each working chamber is equipped with, at least, at least one gear frame ZRM with an equal number of teeth on each face, and the angle of the sequence of steps is shifted by 90 ° of the angle of rotation of the power shaft or one side of the gear frame ZRM, to block dead spots, at least one toothed frame can be set in an intermediate position.

The best way to lubricate the walls of the working chamber is to lubricate them with a lubricator 34, impregnated with oil and installed inside the piston in its middle part, and lubricating the lubricator with oil is carried out by means of nozzles 7, 29, equipped in the walls of the working chamber 8 in the places of the piston stands at the level of the lubricator, excess oil is drained by gravity through leaks and cavities in the piston rod 28, the same oil is used to lubricate other structural elements located below the piston rod.

The engine can be equipped with direct injection, in which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber during piston standstill and at maximum air compression. This will make it possible to use a simpler catalytic and / or glow ignition in the engine, which, for example, is a simple plate with a low-voltage electric heater or an electric heating candle. The relatively large surface area of the ignition and / or catalytic igniter, as well as the fact that this igniter is in the thick of the charge of the air-fuel mixture, which envelops the igniter, contributes to the formation of many foci of ignition of the mixture, which, in turn, suggests a quick and “soft "(Without detonation) the combustion of even very poor mixtures and the use of low-octane gasoline with a high compression ratio. This will greatly simplify and facilitate the design, increase reliability, reduce manufacturing costs and facilitate the operation of the engine. In addition, it will be possible to create very small engines, for example, for aircraft modeling, running on gasoline.

Because the gear frame 25 rotates at the places of the stands, and the rod 28 is rotated with it, then releasing the rod 28 of the gear frame 25 over the working surface of the piston 4 and equipping it with an impeller, we obtain a turbulator that allows better mixing of the working mixture during combustion during the stands. The impeller can also be installed in a combustion chamber driven by the movement of a compressible working mixture or air. In the design of the monolithic piston, the rod 28 of the toothed frame 25 will pass through the piston, while conditions appear to equip the turbulator impeller not only with the piston working surface of the piston, but also with the piston, for this the turbulator turbine impellers are attached to the rod 28 on both sides of the piston, and the piston working surface 32 not equipped with pipe 12.

As a recovery unit, the ARD may also include an electric generator, an electric motor and a battery pack and / or a capacitor bank and / or a flywheel.

Due to the high thermal loading of the end caps of the working chamber and their relative isolation from the influence on the intake process, the end caps of the working chambers can be made of ceramic without equipment with a cooling system.

The circuit of this engine can be applied on two-stroke internal combustion engines with conventional cylinders. In this case, the gear frame ZRM is made in the form of a triangle and is fixed with one vertex on the piston rod with the possibility of swinging in such a way as to ensure the piston stands at the top or bottom dead center. This makes it possible to operate the engine in a three-stroke cycle with the following sequence of ticks:

a) when the piston is at the TDC: 1) inlet-compression; 2) combustion; 3) working progress release;

b) when the piston is in the BDC: 1) compression - the beginning of combustion; 2) end of combustion - working stroke; 3) exhaust inlet.

In this case, a conventional two-stroke engine is subjected to minimal refinement, only a motion converter is replaced on it and the connecting rod is replaced by a rod.

So, the main differences between the ARD and the prototype are as follows:

- for the implementation of the working cycle, one working chamber is sufficient instead of two cylinders of the prototype;

- in the working chamber one or two pistons can be located, instead of one in each cylinder of the prototype;

- the conversion mechanism is rodless and allows (or does not) to stand with each piston at one or both dead points instead of one pseudo-standstill at the top dead center made using the crank motion converter of the prototype;

- work processes in the working chamber are both in the over-piston and in the under-piston working volume instead of the strictly over-piston working volume in the prototype;

- the working chamber is closed at one or both ends with end caps instead of one side of the prototype.

Thus, the proposed ARD allows you to get the following advantages:

- highest power density,

- high profitability,

- high environmental cleanliness,

- low noise

- ease of use,

- automation of work processes,

- simplicity of design.

The design of the Single-cycle recovery engine described above does not exhaust all the options, but is only an illustration of it. In practice, other options can be used without violating the basic idea of a technical solution.

Claims (23)

1. A recovery engine equipped with work support systems, comprising at least one working chamber, equipped with two end caps, inside of which at least one double-acting piston with two working surfaces is installed, separating the working chamber, at least for two working volumes, the piston is connected to at least one rod of at least one rodless motion transducer, which provides the piston with a dead center, while the recovery system is made air and is equipped with a receiver, and the working chamber is configured to operate in compressor mode. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a gear-frame mechanism is used as a converter for moving the pistons into rotation of the power shaft. 3. The engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the gear frame of the motion transducer is connected to the piston by means of rigid and / or flexible rods and is installed in any convenient place of the engine housing and / or outside the engine housing. 4. The engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the flexible rod of the motion converter is equipped with at least one swivel and / or turnbuckle. 5. The engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the piston rod is configured to change length by means of a screw pair or coupling. 6. The engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the piston rod working surface is equipped with a pipe. 7. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an electrical recovery system comprising a generator, an electric motor and a battery pack and / or a capacitor bank and / or a flywheel. 8. The engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the receiver is charged with air in any way: from the operation of the engine in compressor mode; when braking; directly from any compressor station; from a power source, while the generator mounted on the engine works like an electric motor; from a stationary or portable electric pump; from the starting pyrotechnic or chemical cartridge, which is installed in the gateway unit in the receiver or pipeline; from the air in the wheels of the car. 9. The engine of claim 8, wherein the air system is equipped with a heat exchanger-recuperator and / or utilizer. 10. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished fuel-air mixture is supplied to the working chamber. 11. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber. 12. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the working chamber is made in any form: round, ellipse, oval, square, and at least one piston installed inside the working chamber has the same with the working chamber transverse section. 13. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the control of the valves providing gas distribution - electric, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or in a combination of methods. 14. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the two pistons in the working chamber is carried out either in antiphase or sequentially step by step one after another. 15. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that spark ignition and / or catalytic and / or glow ignition are used to ignite the working mixture. 16. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the working chamber are lubricated by a lubricator installed inside the piston. 17. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil is supplied to the lubricator by injecting oil through openings equipped in the wall of the working chamber at the time of piston standstill. 18. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston is equipped with a system for changing the distance between the working surfaces of the piston: either in the form of screw pairs, or in the form of a lever or lever-screw mechanism, or in the form of a hydraulic or electric drive, or in a combination of types . 19. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that during the compression stroke, fuel is dosed injected into the working chamber. 20. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator operates as an electric motor and performs the following tasks: to accelerate engine rotation; starter; drive to download the receiver; vehicle movement. 21. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston on one or both sides of the working surfaces is equipped with a turbulator made in the form of an impeller mounted on the rod of the motion converter. 22. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the end caps of the working chamber are made of heat-resistant ceramics and are not equipped with a cooling system. 23. The engine according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the engine design and / or the operation support system provide the possibility of choosing any operating mode: one-cycle operation in the over-piston and / or under-piston working volumes of the working chamber; thermodynamic cycle with one-, two- or another tact cycle of the power plant, consisting of one or more working chambers; pressurization into working volumes, where a thermodynamic cycle is made from one working volume of the working chamber to another and / or pressurization from the receiver; the operation of the engine as a compressor from the drive of a standard electric generator operating in the electric motor mode; the operation of a part of the engine as a compressor while the other part is operating in a thermodynamic cycle; work as an air engine; work as an air motor; shutdown of idle working volumes and / or working chambers and their transfer to a passive mode of operation.

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