RU2483966C2 - Ice breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building and concerns question of ice-breakers creation for laying wide ice channel. Ice-breaker comprises hull consisting of main head body and rigidly connected with it two side bodies located along boards symmetrically relative to diametral plane of vessel. The vessel has overhung stem and reclined boards, as well as propelling-steering system installed on head body. Side bodies are located with downstream shift from head body so that line passing through their stems at waterline level is spaced from parallel to it line passing at waterline level through stempost of head body for distance not less than 0.1 of head body width along its middle. Side bodies are equipped with propellers, have equal width and are placed at both sides of head body with spacing their diametral planes from diametral plane of ice-breaker for distance not less than derived from the relation: $$l\ge \frac{B_h+{В}_s}{2}+\mathrm{5,}m$$

, where B_h and B_s - width of head and side body respectively along middle.

EFFECT: suggested ice-breaker provides lowering of ice resistance when ice-breaker creates wide channel in ice for piloting heavy-tonnage vessels; lowering consumed power during channel creation; better flotation when going aster in ices.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and relates to the creation of icebreaking vessels designed to lay a wide ice channel, providing safe wiring of large vessels in ice.

An asymmetric icebreaker is known, equipped with three helical columns, having the ability to move with a lag, while laying a wide (approximately equal to the length of the icebreaker) channel in the ice. (Arctic Passion News, No. 2, Finland, 2010).

A disadvantage of the known asymmetric icebreaker is the increased ice resistance during lag movement, which sharply reduces its ice permeability with the available capacity of the power plant.

There is also a known model of an icebreaker - a trimaran, designed to lay a wide channel in ice (40 years of ice model testing. An advertising brochure by Aker Arctic Technology Inc., Finland, 2009), which is pleasant for the prototype. The model is a head hull, with icebreaking contours of the hull with an inclined stem and broken sides, two outriggers located flush in the stern, which expand the ice channel laid by the main hull.

The disadvantages of the known icebreaking vessel are the increased ice resistance when moving in ice, caused by the hull broadening due to the use of outriggers, which leads to the need for a significant increase in the capacity of the main power plant of the future vessel, as well as poor ice patency when reversing.

The objective of the invention is to reduce ice resistance when the icebreaker creates a wide channel in the ice for safe pilotage of large vessels while reducing the power consumption consumed by the icebreaking vessel when laying the channel, as well as improving the patency of the icebreaker when reversing in ice.

This is achieved by the fact that in an icebreaking vessel comprising a hull consisting of a main head hull and two side hulls rigidly connected side-by-side symmetrically to the ship’s diametrical plane, and having an inclined stem and collapsed sides, as well as a propulsion-steering complex mounted on the head housing, according to the invention, the lateral housings are displaced downstream from the head housing so that the line passing through their stems at the waterline is separated from the parallel e a line passing through at the waterline stern-post head housing, at a distance of at least 0.1 on the width of the head housing its midsection. The lateral hulls are equipped with propulsors, have the same width and are placed on both sides of the head hull with the separation of their diametrical planes from the diametrical plane of the icebreaking vessel at a distance not less than determined from the relation:

, $$l\ge \frac{B_g+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="AT\; b"\; filenames="00000005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">AT\; </figure-callout>}}_b}{2}+\mathrm{5,}m$$

,

where In _g and In _b - the width of the head and side of the body, respectively, in the middle.

In addition, a closure hull rigidly connected with it, equipped with a helical steering column, located behind the head and side hulls along the diametral plane of the icebreaker with a distance from the side hulls downstream by an amount determined by the distance between the line passing through the side pins buildings at the level of their waterline, and a parallel line to it, passing through the stem of the closing body also at the level of its waterline, equal to 0.1 of the width of the head body midway , The width of the locking body amidships does not exceed the width of the head housing similar.

Placing side hulls with a downward displacement not less than 0.1 of the head hull width along the midship improves the passage of broken ice fragments between the icebreaker hulls, which leads to a decrease in the resistance to movement of the vessel and, consequently, to a reduction in power consumption.

The implementation of the lateral hulls with the same midship width and their identical location on both sides of the head hull allows to increase the stability of the vessel on course, which also leads to a decrease in the resistance of the icebreaking vessel.

The greatest width of the channel created by the icebreaker is ensured by the placement of side hulls on both sides of the head at a distance of not less than the ratio defined above, provides free passability with the least resistance of broken ice fragments and, accordingly, lowering the resistance of the icebreaking vessel, and in addition, creating the most possible icebreaker for the width of the channel for passage of vessels.

Equipping the side hulls with movers provides enhanced traction at minimal cost.

The introduction into the hull of the icebreaker vessel of the closing hull and its location behind the head one along its diametrical plane at a distance from the head hull at a distance of not less than 0.1 of the width of the latter and equipping it with a helical column increases the maneuverability of the icebreaker vessel, as well as its traction characteristics when moving in ice in reverse, and provides free passage between the hulls of an icebreaking vessel fragments of broken ice.

This arrangement of the hulls of the icebreaking vessel affects the nature of the destruction of the ice cover by the hulls. They will destroy ice, chipping and directing significant pieces of it into the channel laid by the head body. This leads to a decrease in ice resistance of the icebreaker as a whole.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by figures, where figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed icebreaking vessel (top view) with three hulls, and in fig. with four cases.

The icebreaking vessel comprises a hull having an inclined stem and collapsed sides (not shown) and consisting of a head hull 2 rigidly connected by a platform 1 to each other, equipped with a propulsion device 3 and located side by side at the head hull 2, symmetrically with respect to the DP of the latter and with a distance to both sides of two side casings 4 (figure 1). The lateral bodies 4 are equipped with propulsors 5 and are located downward displacement from the head body 2 at a distance of not less than 0.1 of the width of the head body along its midsection, and on both sides of the head body 2 they are located at a distance of not less than defined by the ratio above.

In addition, in the hull of the icebreaking vessel a rigidly closing hull 6 (Fig. 2) is introduced, equipped with a helical column 7, which is located behind the head 2 and side 4 hulls in the diametrical plane of the icebreaker vessel with a distance from the side hulls 4 downstream a distance equal to 0.1 of the width of the head housing in the midsection, while the width of the closing housing 6 in the midsection does not exceed the same width of the head housing 2. The side bodies 4 and the closing housing 6 have an inclined stem and camber of the sides (not specified).

The proposed icebreaking vessel operates as follows.

When an icebreaking vessel moves in ice, the head hull 2 destroys the ice cover, forming a channel 8, the width of which is approximately equal to the width of the head hull 2. Side hulls 4 also destroy the ice cover, cleaving ice floes 9 into the channel 8 behind the head hull 2. External to the channel 8 sides 10 of the side bodies 4 form a wide ice channel 11 filled with broken ice 12 (Fig. 1).

In the even-body variant, the closing body 6 moves in broken ice 12, which passes in the space formed between the closing body 6 by the side bodies 4 (Fig. 2).

Movement and control of a three-hull ice-breaking vessel is carried out due to the work of three movers 3, 5 installed respectively on the head 2 and side hulls 4, and a four-hull ice-breaking vessel is additionally due to the operation of the helmsman column 7 of the closing case 6.

The proposed icebreaking vessel reduces ice resistance when the icebreaker creates a wide channel in the ice for safe guiding of large vessels and the power it consumes when laying the channel, as well as improving its ice permeability when reversing in the ice, which compares favorably with the prototype. Moreover, according to the calculations, the ice resistance of such a vessel will be 0.5-0.7 of the total ice resistance of a traditional single-hull icebreaking vessel.

Claims (2)

1. Icebreaking vessel, comprising a hull consisting of a main head hull and two lateral hulls rigidly connected side-by-side symmetrically with respect to the ship’s diametrical plane, and having an inclined stem and collapsed sides, as well as a propulsion and steering complex mounted on the head hull, characterized the fact that the side casings are positioned offset downstream of the head housing so that the line passing through their stems at the waterline is separated from the parallel line passing at the level of the waterline through the stern of the head hull, at a distance of not less than 0.1 of the width of the head hull along its midsection, the side hulls being equipped with propulsors, have the same width and are located on both sides of the head hull with their diametrical planes separated from the diametrical plane of the icebreaking vessel by the distance l, not less than determined from the relation:
$$l\ge \frac{B_g+{\mathrm{AT}}_b}{2}+\mathrm{5,}m$$

where B _g and B _b are the width of the head and side bodies, respectively, in the midsection. 2. The icebreaking ship according to claim 1, characterized in that a hull rigidly connected with it is inserted into its hull, equipped with a helical steering column, located behind the head and side hulls in the diametrical plane of the icebreaking vessel with a distance from the side hulls downstream by an amount determined by the distance between the line passing through the stems of the side hulls at the level of their waterline, and the parallel line passing through the stem of the closing casing at the level of its waterline, equal to 0.1 head width th body in the middle section, while the width of the closing body in the middle section does not exceed the same width of the head body.

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