RU2479617C1 - Gas generator for reverse gasification process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: worm conveyor (3) is located inside the housing (1) of the gas generator. The housing (1) and the worm conveyor (3) a cylindrical-conical shape. The drive (4) of the worm conveyor is mounted outside the housing (1). The housing (1) of the gas generator is provided with a heating chamber (6), having burners (7) for gaseous fuel, a pipe (2) for outlet of a vapour-gas mixture and a unit (5) for outlet of gasification products. The heating chamber (6) and the cylindrical part of the housing (1) are provided with heat insulation (12). The heating chamber (6) in the bottom part on the periphery is provided with a coiled gas conduit which is connected to the pipe (2) for outlet of the vapour-gas mixture and having a radial section (8), 4-6 linear sections (9), a knee (10) and an outlet pipe (11).

EFFECT: gas generator increases output of secondary gaseous fuel while reducing resinous deposits in gas conduits and in the equipment.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemical engineering, in particular to equipment for the thermal processing of organic waste, and in particular to devices for producing combustible gas from waste thermoplastics, polyethylene terephthalate, cardboard, paper, sorbents saturated with hydrocarbons, etc. materials, and can be used in the petrochemical industry, in housing and communal services, in the field of waste management based on hydrocarbon and pulp and paper production.

Known gasifiers containing a housing in which a fuel hopper with a loading device, a gasification chamber with tuyeres, an air supply device with its heating, and a device for removing moisture are located / USSR Author's Certificate No. 1701731, C10J 3 / 20,1991; RF patent No. 2074884, C10J 3 / 20,1997, /.

A disadvantage of the known devices is the need for partial burning of the processed raw materials, which is unacceptable in the processing of many types of organic waste due to either their high combustibility (paper, cardboard), or the release of harmful gases and soot (hydrocarbon waste).

The closest in technical essence to the proposed gas generator is a reactor for the pyrolysis gasification of solid hydrocarbon waste from a plant for the thermal processing of bitumen-ruberoid waste, made in the form of a cylindrical body with covers and equipped with a heating chamber with burners for gaseous fuel, an outlet pipe for pyrogas and a node for outputting liquid pyrolysis products . Inside the reactor there is a screw with tape turns interconnected by straps, driven by a drive located outside the reactor. The reactor is also equipped with a screw feeder, located coaxially with the screw with tape turns / RF Patent No. 2370519, C10B 53/00, C10B 47/44, 2009 /.

A disadvantage of the known reactor is that during its operation tarry deposits are formed on the walls of the gas ducts and equipment along the entire path of the pyrogas, since during the pyrolysis part of the feedstock turns into a vaporous state of the obtained liquid fractions without chemical-thermal decomposition of the latter, which contributes to a periodic exit equipment out of working condition.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the life of the gas generator without repair.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the yield of secondary gas fuel while reducing tarry deposits in ducts and equipment.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the gas generator of the reverse process of gasification of organic waste, comprising a housing with a belt screw located inside it with a drive mounted outside the housing, equipped with a heating chamber with burners for gaseous fuel, an outlet pipe for gas-vapor mixture and gasification products output unit, the casing and the auger are cylindrically shaped, the heating chamber and the cylindrical part of the casing are provided with thermal insulation, This heating chamber and in the lower part of the periphery of the coil is provided with a gas flue connected to the nozzle exit and the gas-vapor mixture containing Radius portion 4-6 linear sections, elbows and the outlet.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a gas generator; figure 2 is a cross section aa in figure 1.

The gasifier of the reversed gasification process (FIG. 1) contains a cylinder-conical housing 1, a nozzle 2 for exiting a steam-gas mixture, a cylinder screw 3 of a cylindrical shape located inside the housing 1 and having a drive 4 mounted outside the housing 1, an outlet for gasification products (solid residue) 5 , a heating chamber 6 with burners 7 for gas fuel, a coil gas duct consisting of a radius section 8 (Figure 2) connected to a pipe for the outlet of the gas-vapor mixture 2 of the housing 1 and from 4 to 6 linear sections 9 connected to each other deer 10, and the outlet pipe 11. The heating chamber 6 and the cylindrical part of the housing 1 are provided with thermal insulation 12, which reduces heat loss to the environment and ensures safe operating conditions of the gas generator, since the temperature of the outer wall of the heating chamber 6 can reach 350 ... 400 ° C. To output the products of combustion of gas fuel is the pipe 13. The housing 1 is connected coaxially with the feeder 14, equipped with a jacket for heating the raw materials.

The gas generator operates as follows.

The initial crushed raw material is fed into the hopper of the feeder 14, from where it continuously enters the conical part of the housing 1, made in the form of a truncated cone, on the side of the larger base, is subjected to stirring by a ribbon screw 3 and heat exposure from the side of the wall of the housing 1 and the hot atmosphere inside it. Housing 1 is heated by burning gas fuel in burners 7. In the first few minutes, the waste melts and becomes liquid, then undergoes chemical-thermal decomposition and turns into a gas-vapor mixture (ASG) with the simultaneous formation of gasification products - a small amount of solid residue, which is granular hydrocarbon product with an admixture of litter in the form of grains of sand and metallic inclusions, if they were in the raw material.

The vapor-gas mixture is withdrawn from the housing 1 through the pipe for the exit of the gas-vapor mixture 2 and is fed into the coil gas duct, which consists of a radius section 8 and linear sections 9 interconnected by elbows 10. The coil gas duct is located on the periphery of the lower part of the heating chamber 6. During ASG movement along a coil gas duct, the temperature of which is about 700 ° C, its resinous component in the vapor phase undergoes additional pyrolysis, i.e. chemical-thermal decomposition, as a result of which the proportion of non-condensable gas fuel in the composition of the ASG finally exiting the coil increases and the condensable resinous inclusions decrease when the ASG is cooled in its processing system. The gas-vapor mixture is removed from the outlet pipe 11 and sent for further processing - cleaning, cooling, etc. (not shown in the drawings). The products of combustion of gas fuel (PSGT) are removed from the pipe 13 of the output of the products of combustion of gas fuel, sent to the jacket of the feeder 14, from which it is discharged into the atmosphere.

The present invention allows:

- increase the yield of secondary gas fuel by passing the ASG through the hot zone of the reactor heating chamber through a coil gas duct located in this zone, as a result of which the tarry impurities in the ASG undergo additional chemical-thermal decomposition to produce a new volume of non-condensable gas - gas fuel;

- reduce tarry deposits on the walls of gas ducts and equipment, since most of them will be decomposed in a coil gas duct and will not exit the reactor, which will increase the life of the gasifier without repairing it.

Claims (1)

A gas generator for the reverse process of gasification of organic waste, comprising a housing with a belt screw located inside it with a drive mounted outside the housing, equipped with a heating chamber with burners for gaseous fuel, a gas-vapor mixture outlet pipe and a gasification products outlet unit, characterized in that the case and belt screw are made cylinder-shaped, the heating chamber and the cylindrical part of the housing are provided with thermal insulation, while the heating chamber in the lower part along the periphery is equipped with a snake Ikov gas flue connected to the nozzle exit and the gas-vapor mixture containing Radius portion 4-6 linear sections, elbows and the outlet.

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