RU2476642C2 - Method for construction and analysis of stressed deformed condition of buildings, structures and other vertically extended objects on unevenly compressed soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method to to construct buildings, structures and other vertically extended objects on unevenly compressed soils with introduction of additional stiffening elements into a structural scheme of the buildings, structures, such as reinforced concrete belts, impacting soil for changing its properties in process of building erection, measurement of deformations and/or stresses in the main and additional elements of the building, besides, measurements of stresses and deformations are carried out after erection of each group of floors in a surface structure, further, having detected the stressed-deformed condition of the building with account of its stiffness within the floors erected to the moment of measurements, and having assessed acceptability of arisen subsidence and stresses to the moment of measurements, actual deformation and strength characteristics of foundation soils, expected values of stresses and subsidence to the moment of erection of the last building floor, afterwards they decided on necessity and scopes of local impact at the foundation soil until final erection of the building, besides, in case of necessity to impact the foundation soil, they stop erection of the building or continue only in the part, the foundation of which does not require impacting soil, if necessary, the required impact at the soil is carried out, for instance, fixation of cement-sand mortars, afterwards they continue erecting the building, differing by the fact that after erection of another group, for instance, from 2-5 floors of the surface building, they measure the average slope of the upper slab above this group of floors and average slopes of upper slabs above all previously erected groups of floors, further on the basis of the ratio of average slopes of slabs they decide on deformations of the foundation and the stressed-deformed condition of the building to the moment of each measurement, on further development of deformations and change of the stressed-deformed condition to final erection of the building, on the necessity to impact the soil, on termination of building erection or continuation of its construction in the part, the foundation of which does not require impacting soil, on the necessity to introduce additional stiffening elements into the structural scheme, besides, if slope measurements have been made, only upon completion of construction, by the ratio of slab slopes they decide on previously generated deformations of the building, the structure.

EFFECT: higher accuracy and discrimination capacity of analysis of stressed deformed condition of a building, a structure, in process of its erection or upon completion of construction.

4 ex, 13 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction and is used in the construction, scientific and technical support and monitoring of newly built and constructed tall and high-rise buildings and structures on unevenly compressible soils, as well as other vertically extended objects - tilting trees, billboards, masts.

There is a method of fixing soils at the base of deformed buildings and structures (analogue method), according to which the injection of soil-improving solutions is carried out with the preliminary establishment of the position of the curved axis of the structure and the identification of uniquely bent sections of the building, structure, and soil fixing is carried out first in areas where the smallest initial precipitation, after which it is fixed in areas where the least precipitation has formed (Patent RU No. 2162917 “Method of fixing soils at the base of deformations buildings and structures ”[1]).

The disadvantage of the analogue method is that it can be used to fix the soil of buildings and structures that have already received unacceptable damage as a result of uneven precipitation of the soil base, but is not applicable to buildings under construction, structures of buildings or other vertically extended objects.

Closest to the claimed, according to the set of essential features, the method of building buildings, structures on unevenly compressible soils (prototype method) adopted as a prototype, with the introduction of additional stiffening elements, for example, reinforced concrete belts, the effect on the soil in order to change its properties in the process of erecting the structure, measuring strains and / or stresses in the main and additional structural elements, and stresses and strains are measured after the construction is completed Ia of each group of floors of the above-ground structure, then, determining the stress-strain state of the building taking into account its rigidity within the floors constructed at the time of measurement, and assessing the permissibility of the precipitation and stresses at the time of measurement, the actual deformation and strength characteristics of the base soils, the expected values stresses and sediment by the time the last floor of the structure is erected, after which they judge the need and the amount of local exposure to the base soil until the erection is complete triplets, and if necessary, the impact on the soil of the base stops the construction of the structure or continues only in that part, at the base of which the impact on the soil is not required, if necessary, carry out the required effect on the soil, for example, fixing with cement-sand mortars, and then continue the construction of the structure (Patent RU No. 2169238 "Method for the construction of buildings and structures on unevenly compressible soils" [2]).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the lack of accuracy of strain measurements, for which geodetic or special instruments with electronic tracking, for example, inclinometers, are used, which reduces the accuracy and resolution of the analysis of the stress-strain state of a building, structure during construction or after construction .

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy and resolution of the analysis of the stress-strain state of a building, structure during its construction or after completion of construction.

The goal is achieved in that in the method of construction of buildings, structures and other vertically extended objects on unevenly compressible soils with the introduction of additional stiffening elements, for example, reinforced concrete belts, into the structural scheme of buildings, structures, the effect on the soil to change its properties during the construction of the structure, strain and / or stress measurements in the main and additional structural elements, and stress and strain measurements are made after the construction of each group of floors of the elevated st swarming, further, determining the stress-strain state of the structure taking into account its rigidity within the floors constructed at the time of measurement, and assessing the admissibility of the precipitation and stresses at the time of each measurement, the actual deformation and strength characteristics of the base soils, the expected values of stress and precipitation by the time of the erection of the last floor of the structure, after which they judge the need and the amount of local exposure to the foundation soil until the structure is completely erected, and if necessary When the impact on the soil is reached, the bases stop erecting the structure or continue only in that part, at the base of which the effect on the soil is not required, if necessary, carry out the required effect on the soil, for example, fixing with cement-sand mortars, and then continue the erection of the structure, in the proposed method after the construction of the next group, for example, from 2-5 floors of the elevated structure, the average slope of the upper floor above this group of floors and the average slopes of the upper of fossil fuels above all previously constructed groups of floors, then by the ratio of the average values of the slopes of the floors, they are judged about the deformations of the base and the stress-strain state of the structure at the time of each measurement, about the further development of deformations and the change in the stress-strain state until the structure is fully erected, about the need soil, on the termination of the construction of the building or on the continuation of its construction in that part, the basis of which does not require exposure to the soil, on the need to introduce onstruktivnuyu scheme of additional stiffeners, and if the slope of the measurement was carried out only after the completion of construction, the ratio of the slopes overlap judge previously formed deformations of building structures.

During construction according to the proposed method, the following is achieved.

1) Improving the accuracy of strain measurements during the construction of the building or after completion of construction. The minimum possible error of devices (for example, inclinometers) is determined by the class of the device. The highest class “0.1” means a possible error Δ = 0.1% or 0.001 of the range of the measurement base. In the base of measurements of most inclinometers B = 400-600 mm, the possible error will be Δ _B = 0.001 · B = 0.001 · (400-600) = 0.4-0.6 mm, and the error referred to the length of the fragment of the building (for example, to the floor height equal to N = 3000 mm), increases to Δ _H = 0.001 · 3000 = 3 mm.

2) When measuring the average angles of inclination of floors over groups of constructed floors, which is proposed in the present method, improving the accuracy of measurements is achieved:

- the use of simpler and widespread geodetic instruments (for example, levels), the relative error of which Δ = 0.1-0.2 mm (GOST 24846-81 "Soils. Methods of measuring the deformation of the foundations of buildings and structures" [3]);

- and at the same time - an increase in the measurement base to the length or width of buildings, structures equal to, for example, L = 16 m = 16000 mm; with a relative measurement error of levels not even of the highest class (for example, class II equal to Δ = 0.2 mm), the measurement error of the average slopes of the floors does not exceed the value Δ _L = Δ / L = 0.2 /16000=0.0000125 mm - this is in Δ _H / ( Δ _L · L) = 3 / (0.0000125 · 16000) = 15, i.e. 15 times higher accuracy with inclinometers.

3) Increasing the resolution of the analysis of the stress-strain state of a building, structure during its construction or after completion of construction during construction according to the proposed method is achieved by the following:

- analysis of the stress-strain state of the building at the time of construction of the next group of floors, as well as at the time of completion of the construction of the building, the structure as a whole, taking into account the average values of the slopes of the floors after the construction of the next group of floors of the overhead structure formed during its construction, or the slopes of all floors, already formed after completion of construction; this allows, in particular, to take into account the additional influence on the stress-strain state of the building, structure and its base of the eccentricity of the load resulting from the resulting deformations, and in the case of insufficient bearing capacity of the structures, to strengthen them, for example, by introducing additional reinforced concrete belts;

- the ability to predict the development of the slope of the building, structure during the construction of the next group of floors or after completion of construction; this opportunity should be provided by fixing the time of construction of each group of floors;

- the possibility of resolving the issue of the need for engineering intervention in the construction process (impact on the soil to strengthen it) if, as a result of the analysis, the development of deformations or stresses exceeding the permissible limits at the time of construction of the next group of floors or the completion of construction is established;

- the possibility of establishing the history of the formation of the slope of the building, structure in the process of its construction or after completion of construction; In the following examples of the method implementation, it is shown that this is achieved by sequential conditional deviation back to the vertical of the first upper deviated group of floors, then the second, third, etc., up to the lower group, i.e. to the foundation;

- the possibility of reconstructing the development of the slope of an already constructed building, structure, or other vertical object; this possibility is provided by fixing the rate of development of the slope of the constructed building, structure or object extended vertically for a sufficiently long period of time.

An analysis of the prior art did not reveal an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the proposed solution, i.e. It meets the requirements of novelty. Also, no signs that are distinctive in the claimed solution, i.e. It meets the requirement of inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by drawings (Fig.1-13):

- figure 1 schematically shows a 16-storey building under construction with a basement of 3.0 m high, having a reinforced concrete frame (columns, ceilings, stiffness diaphragms), the length in the transverse direction L = 16 m within the alignment axes A-B and the height H = 48 m = 4800 cm; it is assumed that during the construction process the building gets a slope as a result of uneven compressibility of soils at the base of the building or due to deterioration of the properties of soils during the construction process;

- Figs. 2-5 show views of the building at the time of construction up to a height of 36 m (Fig. 2), 24 m (Fig. 3), 12 m (Fig. 4) and after the construction of the basement floor with a height of 3 m (Fig. 5);

- Fig.6-8 shows an example of an analysis of the history of the slope of the section of a 20-story building;

- Fig.9-10 shows an example of an analysis of the history of the slope of a tree that has stopped growing;

- 11-13 shows an example of forecasting the slope of a billboard.

The building (figure 1) has a foundation in the form of a reinforced concrete slab 1, basement 2 and four groups of floors 3-6, 4 floors each. The slopes of the floors are planned to be measured above the basement 1 and above the upper floors of each of the groups of floors 3-6, and FIG. 1 shows that the fourth group 6 is under construction. In the course of the subsequent analysis, it is assumed that the construction of the walls and columns of each upper group of floors 6 is carried out strictly vertically, and the floors — strictly horizontally, as a priori is assumed by building codes and controlled by known methods (plumb bricks, level meters, inclinometers, etc.).

To conduct scientific and technical support for the construction of the building in accordance with the requirements of the norm (GOST R 53778-2010 “Buildings and Structures. Inspection and Monitoring of the Technical Condition” [4]), the base plate 1 contains mass doses 7 for measuring soil pressure, strain meters 8 for determination of column deformations, inclinometers 9 for measuring deviations of walls and columns from vertical.

In the basement 2 and in the ceilings of each of the groups of floors 3-6, in accordance with the claimed method, grades 10 are provided for measuring the slopes of slabs and building slopes, the most informative when setting the average slopes of the slabs are grades 10 installed near the extreme axes of building A and B For measurements, standard geodetic rails 11 and levels 12 of class II are used.

Figure 1 shows the area of local consolidation of soils 13 and 14, the location and parameters of which (depth, dimensions in plan) should be established as a result of scientific and technical support of the construction.

The structure of scientific and technical support includes analysis of the current stress-strain state of the building, taking into account its rigidity, increasing with increasing each group of floors 3-6 (in particular, using the Lira program, the Installation option). Before the construction of the next group of floors 3-6, the program introduces the readings of messdoz 7, deformometers 8, inclinometers 9, as well as the slopes of the floors and the general precipitation of the building according to the results of measurements with levels 12, after which the loads from the planned for the construction of the next group of floors 3- are introduced 6, as well as the load from a fully completed building.

As a result of the analysis of the stress-strain state of the building at the time of construction of the next group of floors and the forecast at the time of complete completion of the construction, the following issues are resolved:

- assesses the additional effect on the stress-strain state of the building of additional eccentricity of the load caused by the slope of the building;

- a forecast is made of the development of the slope and the stress-strain state of the building after completion of construction;

- if the analysis determines the development of deformations or stresses that exceed the permissible limits at the time of construction of the next group of floors or at the time of completion of construction, the need for engineering intervention in the construction process is assessed.

In the example of the construction of the building, shown in figure 1, shows the conditional deformation of the slope of the floors of the building, decreasing as the construction of the next group of floors. The reason for the formation of slopes may be uneven compressibility of soils under the foundation plate 1, deterioration of soil properties during construction, and it is assumed that the effect of uneven compressibility of soils decreases as the building is erected due to soil strengthening under loads.

The measurements showed that at the time of the beginning of the construction of the upper group of floors 6, the slope of the ceiling over the 1st group of floors 2 was i = 0.004, and the slope of the ceiling over the 3rd group of 5-i = 0.001. The calculated forecast of the stress-strain state of the building established that after the construction of the upper group of floors 6, the slope of the floor over the 1st group 2 increases to i = 0.005, over the 3rd group 5 to i = 0.002, and over the 4th group 6 up to i = 0.001. It was also found that after transferring the full design loads and taking into account the time factor, the tilt deformations increase by Δi = 0.001 after 1 year, i.e. the slope of the overlap above the 1st group 2 increases to i = 0.006, above the 3rd group 5 to i = 0.003, and above the 4th group 6 to i = 0.002. The corresponding deviation of the top of the building from the vertical ΔH, which at the time of the beginning of the construction of the 4th group of floors 6 was 8.4 cm, at the time of the completion of the 4th group of floors - 13.5 cm, and after 1 year - up to 19.8 cm.

The projected building slope ΔH = 19.8 cm <[ΔH] _u = N / 500 = 4800/500 = 24 cm, i.e. did not exceed the value [ΔH] _u regulated by the chapter SNiP 2.01.07-85 * “Loads and impacts” [5], but the slope of the 1st group of floors 2 i = 0.006> [i] _u = 0.005 exceeded the value [i] _u regulated by the chapter SNiP 2.02.01-83 * “Foundations of buildings and structures” [6].

Therefore, a decision is made on the need for engineering intervention in order to strengthen unevenly compressible soils at the base of the foundation plate 1.

In accordance with patent RU No. 2162917 "Method of fixing soils in the base of deformed buildings and structures" [1] first, cement-sand mortars are injected under the foundation plate 1 from the side opposite to the inclination of the building, in the area shown in figure 1 by position 13. Moreover, as a result of temporary weakening of the soil during the period from the beginning of the injection to the hardening of the solution, so-called technological precipitation of soils is formed, partially reducing the slope of the building. Then, fixing solutions are injected under the foundation plate 1 from the side of the building inclination into the area shown in figure 1 by position 14.

In addition to the injection of fixing mortars, other methods of engineering intervention can be used - excavation of soils from the side opposite to the direction of inclination of the building, immersion of piles under the foundation plate 1 (Patent RU No. 2037604 “Method for strengthening the foundation of a building, structure” [7]), etc.

The ability to analyze the deformed state of the building under consideration and other vertically extended objects is illustrated by four examples.

1st example

Figure 2-5 illustrates the process of establishing the history of the formation of the slope of the building shown in figure 1. It is assumed that the measurement of the average slopes of the floors was carried out after the construction of each group of floors of the building 3-6.

Figure 2 shows the state of the building when the construction of the 3rd group of floors 5 was carried out strictly vertically, and all the lower groups of floors 2-4 were conditionally deflected back as a result of uneven soil sediments by the slope of the 4th group of floors 6 equal to i = 0.001 .

Figure 3-5 shows the state of the building when the construction of the 2nd group of floors 4 (Fig. 3), then of the 1st group 3 (Fig. 4), and finally the basement floor 2 (Fig. 5) was carried out strictly vertically , and all lower groups of floors are conventionally deviated backward by the amount of slope that each of the newly constructed floor groups will subsequently receive.

2nd example

Fig.6-8 shows the possibility of reconstructing the development of the slope of the building, when measuring the average slopes of the floors was carried out only in the final stage of construction.

Shown in Fig.6 section 15 of a real object - a 20-story residential building has dimensions in plan of 26 m (in axes V-VI) × 32 m (in axes A-P), height H = 70.11 m. Plate-pile foundation 16 includes 277 piles 7 m long and a reinforced concrete slab 1.2 m thick.

The foundation of the section was built from November 2007 to February 2008. By October 2008, structures of the 1st-6th floors were erected, in the winter of 2008-2009. - 7-10th, and by August 2009 - 11-20th floors.

The reason for the deviations was the uneven freezing of the heaving soils at the base and the formation of an air cavity 17 under the plate after thawing of the soil, as a result of which the plate-pile foundation 16 partially lost its bearing capacity.

Deviations were first discovered by mid-2009, when 14 floors were practically erected. Then the measurements of the slopes of the floors on the 2nd, 7th, 14th floors, and later on the 20th floor, were begun. The average deviation of the building from the vertical as of December 2009 was ΔH _cf. = 13.15 cm (pos. 18), as of January 2010 - 15.66 cm, as of April 2010 - 17.93 cm (pos. 19).

When analyzing the deviations of the building, it was assumed that each of the newly constructed floors was erected vertically with horizontal ceilings. Therefore, the overlap turned out to be “fan-shaped”, tilted differently to the horizontal. The longitudinal axis received a broken ("saber-shaped") shape with different angles of deviation from the vertical (pos. 18, 19 in Fig.6).

Consistently conditionally deflecting back to the vertical, first the upper deviated section block (from the 14th to the 20th floor), then the second and other blocks, up to the lower block (from the basement to the 2nd floor), the position of the section of the house 15 was obtained as at the time when it was built 2 (pos. 20), 7 (pos. 21), 14 (pos. 22) and 20 (pos. 23) floors. The process of conditional "straightening" of the individual blocks of the section to the vertical is schematically shown in Fig.7.

Since deviations for certain periods of time are known (see Fig. 7), forecasts of the development of deviations for the near and distant periods were formulated.

For example, the deflection rate of the top of the section V _ΔH during the period of its construction varied: from July to December 2009, it increased from 0.51 to 1.41 and even to 3.33 cm / month, then, at the end of the measurement cycle, it decreased to 0.57 cm / month. Subsequently, the deviation rate decreased: after 1 month to V _{ΔH, cf.} = 0.39 cm / month, six months later to V _ΔH.av. = 0.11 cm / month, a year later to 0.04 cm / month, which indicated the almost complete completion of precipitation. Observations at the end of 2010 showed that the deviations stopped. On Fig shows a graph of the growth of loads 24 from the building and a graph of a gradual decrease in deviation from the vertical 25.

The need for a previously planned engineering intervention (injection of fixing solutions under the stove) did not arise for the following reasons:

- due to the increase in load and thawing of soils, a gradual closure of the formed cavity 17 under the slab occurred, so the slab-pile foundation 16 restored the design bearing capacity;

- the largest of the projected deviations of building 15 (ΔH _avg. = ~ 21 cm) do not exceed the limits allowed by the norm (chapter SNiP 2.02.01-83 * “Foundations of buildings and structures” [6] -ΔH _u = 0.005 N = 35 cm.

3rd example

Figures 9 and 10 show an example of the analysis of the deformed state of a vertically extended object — an inclined tree that is part of a “drunken forest” (a term used in engineering geology). It is known that the tree grew on a slowly tilting slope, but stopped growing and continues to tilt due to the ongoing increase in the slope angle.

Before sawing the tree, a photograph was taken of it, and after sawing, slices were made in different sections of the tree height to establish the number of annual rings on each slice, corresponding to the age of the tree on each of the slices. Schemes of a tree for various periods of time, compiled from his photograph, are shown in Fig.9. The full age of the tree before the cessation of its growth was T = 42 years, height H = 26 m (pos. 26 in Fig. 9).

From the photograph, the angles of deviations from the vertical of individual tiers of the tree were determined. The tiers are deviated from the vertical in different ways: the lower - by β ₁ = 11.6 °, the second - by β ₂ = 6.7 °, the third - by β ₃ = 5.5 °, the fourth - by β ₄ = 4.3 °; land slope i = 0.21. The same angles characterize the inclination to the horizon of sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of each tier of the tree in height. As well as the overlap of buildings in the 1st and 2nd examples, these sections are differently (“fan-shaped”) deviated from the horizontal. The longitudinal axis of the tree has a "saber" shape with different angles of deviation from the vertical.

The possibility of analyzing the history of the formation of the slope of the tree is provided by a well-known feature of its growth, when the tree grows vertically every year, and its general deviation from the vertical is due to an increase in the slope of the slope on which the tree grows or grew.

In order to establish the position of a tree for previous periods of its growth, it is required to deviate it sequentially first by the value of the deviation angle of the upper tier, then the second, then the third, and then the fourth tier.

Then, as of the time when the tree reached the age of T = 32 years (i.e. 10 years ago, see pos. 27 in Fig. 9), the height of the tree was H = 18 m, the angles of deviations of the lower tier were β ' ₁ = β ₁ -β ₄ = 11.6-4.3 = 7.3 °, second - β ' ₂ = β ₂ -β ₄ = 6.7-4.3 = 2.4 °, third - β' ₃ = β ₃ -β ₄ = 5.5-4.3 = 1.2 ° , the fourth tier - β ' ₄ = β ₄ -β ₄ = 4.3-4.3 = 0 °; the slope of the earth was i = 0.13.

As of age T = 12 years (i.e. 30 years ago, see pos. 28 in Fig. 9) and tree height H = 13 m, the angles of deviations of the lower tier were β '" ₁ = β" _1- β " ₃ = 7.3-1.2 = 6.1 °, the second - β '" ₂ = β " _2- β" ₃ = 2.4-1.2 = 1.2 °, the third -β "” ₃ = β " _3- β" ₃ = 1.2-1.2 = 0 °, fourth tier - β '" ₄ = β" ₄ -β " ₃ = 0-1.2 = -1.2 °; land slope i = 0.11.

Finally, as of age T = 7 years (i.e. 35 years ago, see pos. 29 in Fig. 9) and tree height H = 7 m, the angles of deviations of the lower tier were β "" ₁ = β '" _1- β '" ₃ = 6.1-1.2 = 4.9 °, the second - β"" ₂ = β'" ₂ -β '" ₃ = 1.2 - (- 1.2) = 0 °, the third - β"" ₃ = β'" _3- β '" ₃ = 0 - (- 1.2) = - 1.2 °, of the fourth tier - β "" ₄ = β'" _4- β '" ₃ = (- 1.2) - (- 1.2) = 2.4 °; land slope i = 0.09.

The process of developing the slope of the slope (pos. 30) and the deviation of the tree from the vertical (pos. 31) is shown in Fig. 10.

4th example

Figures 11-13 show an example of the analysis of the deformed state of another vertically extended object - a billboard constructed near the highway (shown schematically in Fig. 11, item 32).

Due to the greater amount of heaving of soils from the side of the road where there is no snow, and a smaller amount of heaving from the opposite side, where the snow is, the billboard 32 gradually deviates from the vertical.

Due to the fact that the longitudinal axis of the billboard 32 does not change in height, to predict the development of its slope, Fig. 12 shows the diagrams compiled from photographs taken at different time intervals - after 1 year (pos. 33), 2 years ( pos. 34), 3 years (pos. 35) and 4 years after its construction (pos. 36).

Just as the average angles of inclination of the floors of buildings in the 1st and 2nd examples and the angles of inclination of the vertical and horizontal sections of individual tiers of the tree in the 3rd example, the time-varying angles of deviations of the billboard 32 allow us to evaluate the process and the degree of danger of deviations for the past 4 years (see graph 37 in Fig. 13), and based on them, the possibility of predicting the further development of the slope, the need for its straightening or dismantling.

Thus, the advantages of the proposed method are as follows.

1) Improving the accuracy of measuring deformations of a building, structure during its construction or after completion of construction, which is achieved:

- the use of simpler and widespread geodetic instruments;

- improving the accuracy of measurements by increasing the measurement base to the length or width of buildings, structures.

2) Increasing the resolution of the analysis of the stress-strain state of the building, structure during its construction or after completion of construction, which is achieved by the following:

- analysis of the stress-strain state of the building at the time of construction of the next group of floors, as well as at the time of completion of the building, the structure as a whole, taking into account the slopes of the ceilings after the construction of the next group of floors of the overhead structure formed during its construction, or the slopes of all the ceilings formed after completion of construction;

- the ability to predict the development of the slope of the building, structure during the construction of the next group of floors or after completion of construction;

- the ability to assess the need for engineering intervention in the construction process, if as a result of the analysis it is established that the development of deformations or stresses is unacceptable;

- the possibility of establishing the history of the formation of the slope of the building, structure in the process of its construction or after completion of construction;

- the possibility of reconstructing the development of the slope of an already constructed building, structure, or other vertical object.

3) The ability to analyze the spatial position of other vertically extended objects (trees, billboards, masts, etc.) - the history of formation and forecasts of their deformations over time.

List of materials used

1. Patent RU No. 2162917, MKI ⁷ E02D 3/12, 37/00. A method of fixing soils at the base of deformed buildings and structures. - Publ. 12/10/2001, Bull. Number 4.

2. Patent RU No. 2169238, MKI ⁷ Е04В 1/00, E02D 3/12. The method of construction of buildings and structures on unevenly compressible soils. - Publ. 06/20/2001, Bull. Number 17.

3. GOST 24846-81. Soils. Methods for measuring the deformation of the foundations of buildings and structures. - M .: IPK Publishing House of Standards, 1981.

4. GOST R 53778-2010. Buildings and constructions. Rules for inspection and monitoring of technical condition. / Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.- M .: Standartinform, 2010.

5. SNiP 2.01.07-85 *. Loads and impacts / Gosstroy of Russia. - M .: GP TsPP, 2003.

6. SNiP 2.02.01-83 *. Foundations of buildings and structures / Gosstroy of Russia. - M .: GUP TsPP, 2000.

7. Patent RU No. 2037604, MKI ⁶ D 27/08, 37/00 E02D 27/34. A way to strengthen the foundation of a building, structure. - Publ. 06/19/1995.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing buildings, structures and other vertically extended objects on unevenly compressible soils with the introduction of additional stiffening elements, for example reinforced concrete belts, into the structural design of buildings, structures, affecting the soil to change its properties during the construction of the structure, measuring deformations and / or stresses in basic and additional structural elements, and stress and strain measurements are made after the construction of each group of floors of the above-ground structure, further determining, for example wife-deformed state of the building, taking into account its rigidity within the floors constructed at the time of measurement, and assessing the permissibility of the precipitation and stresses that have arisen at the time of measurement, the actual deformation and strength characteristics of the base soils, the expected values of stresses and precipitation at the time the last floor of the structure is erected, after which they judge the need and the volume of local effects on the base soil until the structure is completely erected, and if necessary, influence on the base soil they stop erecting the structure or continue only in that part, at the base of which the impact on the ground is not required, if necessary, carry out the required effect on the ground, for example, cementing with cement-sand mortars, and then continue the construction of the structure, characterized in that after the construction of the next group, for example, from 2-5 floors of an elevated building, measurements are made of the average slope of the upper floor above this group of floors and the average slope of the upper floor above all previously constructed group and floors, then by the ratio of the average values of the slopes of the floors they judge the deformations of the base and the stress-strain state of the structure at the time of each measurement, the further development of deformations and the change in the stress-strain state until the structure is fully erected, the need for exposure to the ground, and the termination of erection structure or to continue its construction in that part, at the base of which no impact on the soil is required, about the need to introduce additional elements into the design Comrade rigidity, and in the case if the measurement of the slopes are made only after the construction is complete, the ratio of the slopes overlap judge previously formed deformations of building structures.

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