RU2333322C1 - Method for elevating and levelling buldings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: constructional engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to constructional engineering and is intended for reconstruction of building maintainability. Method for elevating and levelling buildings comprises construction of recesses under foundation bed, installation of lifting jacks in the said recesses and drive jacking of sectional piles. Clearance between pile crowns and foundation bed is concreted. Before recesses are constructed, physical-mechanical properties of soil as well as weight of the element of structure which is to be elevated are evaluated, and based on the results, required number of drive jacked sectional piles, bearing capacity of each pile and pile sites are determined. Total number of drive jacked piles is evaluated from formula the N≥n+1, where N is number of drive jacked piles, pc., n is number of drive jacked piles of total capacity equal to weight of elevated and levelled building element, pc. All piles being drive jacked, pile crowns supported jacks are installed and cycled to provide simultaneous effect on foundation bed, rising and levelling it. Then jacks are sequentially removed. Feather is fixed in clearances between pile crowns and foundation bed. Clearances are concreted.

EFFECT: increased bearing capacity and maintenance reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to the construction and is intended to restore the operational reliability of buildings and structures.

Known methods of lifting and leveling buildings, structures, including the study of the building, structures, manufacturing and installation of power belts and jack niches, installation of the jack system and control systems, the inclusion of the jack system, the separation of the building, structure from the foundation and its alignment, installation of braces into the formed gap removal of jacks and subsequent monolithic clearance together with concrete spacers or high-strength cement mortar (see, for example, RF patents No. 2211896, IPC E02D 35/00, No. 2242564, IPC E02D 35/00, E04G 23/06).

There is a method of restoring the design position of the foundation and the column, which consists in the fact that two double-beam beams-levers are installed symmetrically, relative to the column, above the settled foundation, each lever is pivotally connected to the column and the settled base by the middle part, the shorter console of each beam is supported through the distribution plate on the base, and the longer - through the jack and the distribution plate on the base, immerse deep vibrators into the ground, turn them on, disrupting the adhesion of the foundations to the ground and liquefying the soil, turn on the hydraulic jacks and gradually pull out the foundation together with the column to the required amount and at the same time fill the bosom formed under the foundation with diluted vibrators with soil, turn off the deep vibrators, turn on the hydraulic jack piston, lift the opposite end of the beam-lever, put a lining on it, and turn on the lining the stroke of the hydraulic jack and the cycles are repeated, raising the foundation together with the column by the required value, then proceed to straightening the next column (see RF patent No. 2139390, IPC E02D 35/00).

The main disadvantage of the technical solutions described above is that they only raise and level buildings and structures, but do not simultaneously strengthen the foundation at the place of its precipitation. As a result, these methods do not guarantee a leveled building or structure from future draft and roll. The indicated drawback is especially relevant when the building, structure is erected on subsiding soils. In this case, the draft and the roll of the building, structure can resume at any time, including immediately after its lifting and leveling according to the described methods.

For the prototype, a method of strengthening the foundation was chosen, which consists in the fact that under the sole of the foundation they form niches and mount jacks in them, by means of which composite reinforced concrete or metal piles are crushed into the ground. After crushing the piles, the jacks are removed, and in the gaps between the heads of the piles and the sole of the foundation they are monopolized (see, for example, N.A. Tsytovich et al. “Foundations and foundations”, M. “State Publishing House of Literature on Building, Architecture and Building Materials”, 1959, p. 448-449, fig. XII-16; I. A. Ganichev “The installation of artificial foundations and foundations”, M. “Stroyizdat”, 1973, p. 158-162, fig. 11.12, 11.13 11.14).

The method chosen for the prototype is successfully used in reinforcement, as well as in the repair and reconstruction of existing foundations, including the replacement of foundation elements. Moreover, after all the work provided for by this method has been completed, further settlement of the foundation, and consequently, settlement of the building erected on it, does not occur.

However, this method is not intended for lifting and leveling buildings, structures. They can only strengthen the foundations and prevent further settlement.

The technical task of the invention was to develop a method of lifting and leveling buildings, structures while strengthening the foundation, excluding subsequent settlement of the building, structure.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method of lifting and leveling buildings and structures, including the formation of niches under the base of the foundation, installation of jacks in them and crushing of the piles into the ground by the jacks, the gap between the heads of which and the base of the foundation are monolithic, before the formation of the niches, the the mechanical properties of the soil and the mass of that part of the building, structure, which is subject to lifting and leveling, and on the basis of the data obtained, the required number of crushed composite piles is calculated, not the actual ability of each pile and determine their location, while the total number of crushed piles is calculated by the formula: N≥n + 1,

where N is the total number of crushed piles, pcs .;

n is the number of crushed piles, the total bearing capacity of which is equal to the mass of the raised and leveled part of the building, structure, pcs.,

and after crushing all the piles, the jacks are mounted with support on the heads of these piles and include the working stroke of all the jacks, which simultaneously act on the sole of the foundation of the building, structure, lifting and leveling it, after which the jacks are dismantled one by one, set in the gaps between the heads of the piles and the base of the foundation wedges and monopolize these gaps.

The proposed technical solution provides the raising and leveling of the foundation together with the building erected on it, the structure with the simultaneous strengthening of the foundation, excluding subsequent settlement.

As shown by the tests conducted by the applicants, the claimed method is effective in leveling buildings, structures erected on any soil, including weak and subsiding.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the lifting and leveling of a building, structure.

The method of lifting and leveling buildings and structures is as follows.

First, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and the mass of that part of the building, structure, which is to be raised and leveled, are determined. On the basis of the data obtained, the required number of piles crushed under the foundation, the bearing capacity of each pile are calculated and the place of their placement is determined. The total number of crushed piles is calculated by the formula: N≥n + 1,

where N is the total number of crushed piles, pcs .;

n is the number of crushed piles, the total bearing capacity of which is equal to the mass of the raised and leveled part of the building, structure, pcs.

Then, under the sole of the foundation 1, niches 2 are formed and jacks 3 are mounted in them, by means of which the composite piles are crushed in sections 4. The base of the foundation 1 is used to support the jacks 3 when the piles 4 are crushed. The composite piles 4 can be either reinforced concrete or metal, and the number of sections each pile 4 is governed by its bearing capacity. In order to exclude further settlement of the building during the process of crushing piles after immersing each pile between its head and the bottom of the foundation, temporary wedges (not shown) are installed.

After the work described above is completed, jacks 3 are mounted on all piles 4 with support on the heads of these piles and include the working stroke of all jacks 3, which simultaneously act on the sole of the foundation 1 of the building, structure, lifting and leveling it. Control over the geometric position of the leveled building, structure is carried out by a control system (not shown). At the end of the lifting and leveling of the building, the structure, the jacks 3 are alternately dismantled, while wedges (not shown) are installed in the gaps between the heads of the piles and the bottom of the foundation. Due to the fact that the total number of crushed piles “N” exceeds (by at least 1 pile) the number of crushed piles “n”, the total bearing capacity of which is equal to the mass of the raised and leveled part of the building, structure, then, when the jacks are removed one by one, building 3, structure not will be upset again. After dismantling the jacks 3, the gaps between the heads of the piles 4 and the sole of the foundation 1, together with the wedges installed in them, are monopolized. The monolithization of gaps together with wedges is optimal. However, monolithic gaps can also be carried out alternately, while removing wedges. Niches 2 are filled with concrete, mortar or soil, followed by thrombosis.

Claims (1)

A method of lifting and leveling buildings and structures, including the formation of niches under the base of the foundation, installation of jacks in them and crushing by the jacks of composite piles into the ground, the gap between the heads of which and the base of the foundation are monolithic, characterized in that the physical and mechanical properties of the soil are determined before the formation of the niches and the mass of that part of the building, structure, which is subject to lifting and leveling, and on the basis of the data obtained, the required number of crushed composite piles, the bearing capacity of each piles and determine their location, while the total number of crushed piles is calculated by the formula N≥n + 1, where N is the total number of crushed piles, pcs .; n is the number of crushed piles, the total bearing capacity of which is equal to the mass of the raised and leveled part of the building, structure, pieces, and after crushing all piles, jacks are mounted with support on the heads of these piles and include the working stroke of all jacks that simultaneously affect the base of the building foundation , structures, lifting and leveling it, after which the jacks are dismantled one by one, set the wedges in the gaps between the heads of the piles and the sole of the foundation, and monopolize these gaps.