RU2466701C1 - Individual transport facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: facility includes frame with seat, travel mechanism, control mechanism and power supply unit. Travel mechanism contains front and rear supporting devices. Front supporting device includes two parallel track belts or chains which are polygon-shaped with obtuse angle in the bottom part with rigidly fixed on frame shape-generating members in the form of support, driving and tension elements, support guides; and two drives. Each drive is rigidly fixed on the frame and connected with driving element, and rear supporting device includes drive, horizontally oriented shaft with supports, fixing mechanism, pillars with yokes in which self-orienting wheels are installed with possibility to turn around horizontal shaft and rotate around their own axes. Rear supporting device is fixed on the frame using supports on which horizontally oriented shaft is fixed with possibility to rotate around its own axis, and fixation mechanism is rigidly fixed.

EFFECT: stability and reliability of individual transport facility.

8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to individual vehicles and can be used to move people with disabilities.

Known universal electric carriages that can move along a horizontal surface and stairs (universal electric carriages "Universal", "Maximus" Observer), containing a frame with a chair, four-wheel drive wheels and a drive for leveling the chair.

The disadvantages of these universal strollers are the high cost, the complexity of the design, low stability, strong sway when moving up or down steps and in transition modes. In addition, the base of universal strollers is optimal only for a certain step of steps. To reduce buildup, four-wheel drive wheels with massive rigid tires with transverse lugs and without suspension are installed on universal electric carriages. This shakes universal strollers even when driving on smooth paved roads. Four powerful drives require energy-consuming batteries and a sturdy frame, as a result, the weight increases and reaches hundreds of kg. Range mileage decreases. As a result, they prefer to use mobile tracked lifts to move strollers and electric strollers up or down stairs, or install special lifts or elevators near each staircase. Each unit of such equipment requires maintenance and is much more expensive than an average electric carriage.

Known self-propelled wheelchair containing a chair, a power source, a movement mechanism (RF Patent No. 2033779, A61G 5/06, op. 30.04.1995).

A disadvantage of a self-propelled wheelchair is the bulkiness of the structure, instability and rocking of the structure when climbing and descending stairs.

A vehicle is known comprising a frame with an armchair, a movement mechanism rigidly fixed to the frame (RF Patent No. 2410071, A61G 5/06, op. January 27, 2011 — prototype).

The disadvantages of the above vehicle is the complexity and bulkiness of the transformable structure. Consoles with cruciform supports increase the size of the wheelchair, which limits its use on stairwells with limited dimensions. At the same time, the front console has insufficient reach from the center of gravity of the stroller. The base and dimensions of the cross-shaped supports are designed for a certain step of the steps and the angle of inclination of the stairs, which can vary. Movement on cruciform supports causes the wheelchair to swing, especially in transition modes.

The proposed technical solution eliminates the above disadvantages: it provides stability and reliability of an individual vehicle during transient conditions, when passing through flights of stairs, escalators without changing the horizontal position of the seat, when overcoming various obstacles, curbs, including steps and entering public transport, and also reduces dimensions of the device.

This goal is achieved in that the individual vehicle contains a frame with an armchair, a power source, a control mechanism and a power source, a movement mechanism including front and rear support devices, while the front support device includes two parallel tracks or polygon-shaped chains with an obtuse angle in the lower part with forming elements rigidly fixed to the frame in the form of supporting, driving and tensioning elements, supporting guides, and two drives, each each of which is rigidly fixed to the frame and connected to the driving element, and the rear support device includes a drive, a horizontally oriented shaft with supports, a locking mechanism, racks with forks, in which self-orientating wheels are mounted to rotate around a horizontal shaft and rotate around its own axis, while the rear support device is fixed to the frame by means of supports on which a horizontally oriented shaft is mounted with the possibility of rotation around its own axis and a mechanism f ixation

it is additionally equipped with a mechanism for changing the position of the chair in the form of an electric drive mechanism or a manual mechanism, the control mechanism is additionally equipped with an electronic microprocessor, the chair is additionally equipped with a horizontal sensor located on the rack, the rear support device is additionally equipped with infrared, capacitive or ultrasonic sensors located in the front and rear parts frame, supporting element, rigidly mounted on a rack, the front supporting device is additionally equipped odderzhivayuschimi guides a rectilinear rigid plates fixedly mounted on the frame and located at the top of the polygon between the driving and tensioning elements, tensioning mechanism mounted on the tensioning element axis and fixed to the frame.

In figure 1. shows a side view of an individual vehicle on a horizontal surface on the front and rear support devices; figure 2, 3, 4 shows a side view of an individual vehicle in transition mode, when preparing for the rise; on Fig 5 shows a side view of an individual vehicle when lifting; figure 6 shows a side view of an individual vehicle in transition mode, when preparing from the rise to the transition to a horizontal surface; Fig.7 shows a side view of an individual vehicle on a horizontal surface when moving on the front support device.

An individual vehicle (hereinafter referred to as ITS) contains a frame 1 with a chair 2, a movement mechanism, a control mechanism 3, a power supply 4 and a mechanism for changing the position of the chair 5.

The chair 2 is mounted on the frame 1 and is made with a back 6, footrests 7, armrests 8 and a stand 9, while the stand 9 is pivotally mounted on the frame 1.

The movement mechanism includes front and rear support devices that provide stability when moving horizontally, steps, up or down and in transition modes with virtually no ITS swing.

The front support device includes two parallel tracks or chains 10 and two drives 11.

Each caterpillar track or chain 10 has a contour in the form of a polygon, for example a triangle, with an obtuse angle in the lower part and with a raised front and rear parts, with forming elements rigidly fixed to the frame 1 in the form of a supporting 12, a leading 13 and a tension 14 elements, supporting guides 15.

The forming elements 12, 13, 14, 15 interact with the caterpillar belt or chain 10, for example, according to the principle of gear or V-belt transmission, and with the drive 11, ensuring its movement.

The raised front of the front support device allows you to overcome obstacles such as a curb when moving ITS along roadsides, lawns, alleys, rough terrain, cobblestones, gravel, sand, pebbles when moving forward ITS using front and rear support devices, and in winter on a dense snow and ice only use the front support device.

The support element 12 is one or more elements, for example, a wheel, pulley, sprocket, roller, etc., is located in the lower obtuse corner of the contour polygon and is mounted on an axis that is mounted on the frame 1. The support element 12 is further provided with a spring suspension, fixed on the frame 1. The supporting element 12 provides the ITS rolling resistance of the supporting wheels 12 on a solid surface similar to the rolling resistance of the wheel travel.

The driving element 13 is, for example, a pulley or an asterisk, located in front of the track circumference and mounted on the output shaft of the drive 11 in the form, for example, of a gear motor mounted on the frame 1.

The tension element 14 is, for example, a wheel, a pulley, an asterisk, and is located at the rear of the contour.

The support rails 15 are a rectilinear rigid element, for example a rectilinear rigid plate, additionally provided at the bottom with material with a low coefficient of friction, for example fluoroplastic, which provides additional sliding of the support rails 15 along the track or chain 10. The support rails 15 are located at predetermined angles on both the sides of the support element 12 and are rigidly fixed to the frame 1.

Caterpillar track 10 is a hinge-free caterpillar, for example rubber-cloth tape, cord-cord tape.

The caterpillar chain 10 is, for example, a roller chain.

The caterpillar track or chain 10 is additionally equipped with rubber or polyurethane grousers, which are located on the outer surface of the caterpillar belt 10, ensuring reliable engagement with the surface, for example, of the ground.

When driving on a wheeled track, the lugs of the caterpillar tracks 10 touch the road surface near the contact spot of the support elements 12, the front and rear forming elements of the caterpillar tracks 10 are raised above the road, which provides increased cross-country ability.

The actuators 11 are rigidly mounted on the frame 1 and are, for example, a gear motor, an electric motor (ED) with a two-stage gearbox, brake, etc. Each actuator 11 is connected to a driving element 13, driving a caterpillar track or chain 10 and, respectively, supporting 12 and tensioning elements 14.

The front support device is additionally equipped with a tension mechanism mounted on the axis of the tension element 14 and mounted on the frame 1. The tension mechanism is, for example, a spring or a screw (not shown).

The front support device is additionally equipped with supporting guides 16 (Fig.2), which are mounted on the frame 1 and are located between the leading 13 and the tension 14 elements. The support guide 16 is a straight, rigid, elongated element, for example a straight, rigid, elongated plate.

Supporting rails 16 are used to raise the upper branches of the track or chain to the level of the chair 2 for the manual rotation of the support element 12 by means of the track or chain 10.

The rear support device is mounted on the frame 1 and contains a drive 17, a horizontally oriented shaft 18, on the supports of which the cams of the locking mechanism 19 are installed, the struts 20 with forks 21, in which the self-orientating wheels 22 are located. The self-orientating wheels 22 are mounted with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis shaft 18 and rotation around its own axis 23.

In this case, the cam locking mechanisms 19 are mounted with the possibility of fixing the forks 21 relative to the struts 20. The locking mechanism 19 is, for example, a cam mechanism mounted with the possibility of fixing the fork 21 of the self-orientating wheel 22, which ensures its fixation in a predetermined position.

The ability to rotate the self-orientating wheels 22 around the axis of the horizontally oriented shaft 18 back up or forward up allows you to change the distance between the axes of the support elements 12 and the self-orientating wheels 22 and between the axes of the support elements 12 and the tension elements 14, which ensures cross-country, longitudinal, transverse, directional stability, the ability to tilt the seat 2 in a “reclining" position (Fig.7), that is, to reduce the center of gravity and drag, for example, when headwind, and also to extend the supporting surface l track belt or chain 10 to increase cross-country ability on soft ground, such as snow.

The drive 17 is, for example, an electric motor (ED) with a two-stage worm gear, brake, and drives the rear support device.

The drive 17 rotates the self-orientating wheels 22 around a horizontally oriented shaft 18 together with the uprights 20 and forks 21, for example, lifting the self-orientating wheels 22 back up or forward upstream of the ITS when climbing or descending the ITS flights.

The rear support device is additionally equipped with a support element 24, for example, in the form of a roller support, rigidly mounted on the rack 20 or fork 21, and by means of which they provide a reliable transition from a flat surface to the flight of stairs without swinging ITS, infrared, capacitive or ultrasonic sensors located in front and rear parts of the frame 1, the horizontal sensor located on the rack 9, through which carry out synchronized movement of the tracks with rotation - lifting racks 20 during transition modes.

The control mechanism 3 is additionally equipped with an electronic microprocessor to optimize transient conditions and turns of ITS.

The control mechanism 3 comprises a remote control with a multifunction lever, indicators and buttons mounted on a chair 2, for example, in front of a right or left armrest, which allows one-handed operation, for example, in the kitchen. The control mechanism 3 is electrically connected to the drives 11 and 17 of the movement mechanism and controls the movement of the ITS, for example, by means of the drives 11 the vehicle is moved forward; by means of drives 11, differentially changing the speed of the left and right tracks 10, ITS is moved left or right; by reverse of the drive ED 11, the ITS is moved back; by means of the brake of the drive 11 stop the ITS; by means of the drive ED 17 rotate the horizontally oriented shaft 18 and, accordingly, rotate the self-orientating wheels 22 around the axis of the horizontally oriented shaft 18 backward - up or forward - up, which allows the transition to the ascent or descent of the ITS along the flights of stairs or the movement of the ITS, for example, cross country, cobblestone, gravel, sand, pebbles, that is, by removing the rear support device, the movement is carried out through the front support devices.

The control mechanism 3 provides synchronized movement of the front and rear support devices by synchronized movement of the driving element 13 and the rotation of the horizontally oriented shaft 18 with self-orientating wheels 22, which allows you to smoothly go up the stairs and leave the stairs in transition modes.

The power source 4 is, for example, an electric power source in the form of a battery located on the frame 1 under the seat 2, as well as a diesel power source, a hybrid power source.

The individual vehicle is additionally equipped with a mechanism for changing the position of the seat 5 and the center of gravity of the ITS relative to the base.

The mechanism for changing the position of the chair 5 is an electric drive mechanism or a manual mechanism fixed on the rack 9 of the chair 2 and connected to the frame 1, for example, by means of a rod (not shown in Fig.).

The mechanism for changing the position of the chair 5 is a manual mechanism for changing the position of the chair or an electric mechanism for changing the position of the chair, for example, with a control lever, with a sensor for horizontal position of the chair to ensure horizontal position of the chair or with a given inclination of the position of the chair 2 relative to the horizontal surface when raising or lowering the ITS by stairs, escalator, ramp, etc.

The lever or steering wheel of the manual mechanism for changing the position of the chair 5 is located under the armrest 8 on the rack 9.

To adjust the position of the center of gravity of the ITS, it is possible to move the chair 2 relative to the front support device due to the tilt of the rack 9, which improves the stability of the ITS when moving up or down stairs, including along steep stairs, and optimize the load distribution along the axes of the supporting elements 12 and 22 front and rear support devices or along caterpillar tracks or chains 10 when moving on a horizontal surface.

The individual vehicle is additionally equipped with a removable luggage rack or basket located in front.

An individual vehicle operates as follows.

The ED of the actuators 11 is turned on by a control mechanism that drives the driving elements 13, respectively, the caterpillar tracks or chains 10 and the supporting elements 12. The self-orientating wheels 22 rotate around its own axis 23 together with the caterpillar tracks or chains 10, which allows the ITS to be moved along a solid flat surface forward or backward (figure 1).

When moving forward on a horizontal surface with obstacles, for example, in the form of a curb up to 26 cm high, the raised front parts of the front support device provide patency through them and protect the legs of the ITS user.

When moving backward on a horizontal surface with obstacles, for example, in the form of a bus floor up to 36 cm high, the raised rear parts of the front support device provide an lift, for example, into a bus. For comparison, the well-known electric carriages overcome a step with a height of not more than 5 cm.

For example, in the horizontal movement mode, the horizontal sensor is switched to automatic control of the electromechanism of changing the position of the chair 5.

When the ITS moves up or down stairs, the actuators 11 are turned on, and the actuator 17 is turned on in transition modes when it is necessary to remove or release the self-orientating wheels 22.

Climbing the stairs is carried out by reversing the ITS (Fig. 5), previously, by means of the drive 17, a horizontally oriented shaft 18 is rotated, while the self-orientating wheels 22 together with the uprights 20 and forks 21 are turned forward, then lifted up to a predetermined position and fixed by a locking mechanism 19 in set position. Then, by means of the drives 11, the driving elements 13 and, accordingly, the caterpillar tracks or chains 10 with supporting elements 12 are driven, in addition, by means of the mechanism for changing the position of the chair 5, the chair 2 is brought into a predetermined position and is moved along the edges of the steps up, catching on them. In this case, the caterpillar tracks or chains 10, relying on the support rails 15, provide the ITS with a smooth and stable movement without swaying along the steps.

At the last step, a horizontally oriented shaft 18 is rotated by the drive 17, which gradually lowers the self-orientating wheels 22 down to a horizontal platform. Then, relying on the supporting elements 12 and the self-orientating wheels 22 on the surface of the landing, the ITS carries out horizontal movement until the self-orientating wheels 22 come in contact with the step of the next staircase. Next, the process is repeated.

After climbing to the desired floor through a mechanism for changing the position of the chair 5, the chair 2 is brought to its original position.

The descent down the stairs is carried out in the reverse order by moving the ITS in forward motion. For this, at the beginning of the exit of the supporting elements 12, the remote control 3 includes a drive 17, which rotates the horizontally oriented shaft 18 and, accordingly, rotates the self-orientating wheels 22 back, and then lifts up to a predetermined position, while the locking mechanism 19 is activated, excluding the rotation of the forks 21 self-orientating wheels 22. At the same time, through the drives 11, the caterpillar tracks or chains 10 move along the edges of the steps, being hooked by lugs, and the ITS moves down the stairs.

The transition from the horizontal movement of the ITS to an inclined movement, namely, the descent or ascent, is carried out by synchronous movement of the tracks or chains 10 with the rotation of the horizontally oriented shaft 18 and, accordingly, the rotation of the self-orientating wheels 22, which ensures a smooth entry and exit of the ITS from the stairs.

An individual vehicle provides stability, reliability when moving up or down stairs and during transitions - moving up or down stairs without changing the horizontal position of the seat, high passability through threshold obstacles, along steep stairs and ramps designed for baby strollers, independent lifting into public transport, overcoming borders, individual steps and other obstacles.

An individual vehicle will find application in everyday life as a street, road vehicle, moving along flights of stairs, as well as in buildings and in a room setting. An individual vehicle does not need a parking space and a special box for storage due to a decrease in size when folded, including in an upright position, since the claimed design can easily be folded.

Thanks to the above characteristics, it is possible to use ITS not only for people with disabilities, but also for elderly people, for example, in pedestrian zones, buildings, super-hypermarkets, where kilometers of shelves for shopping are made, etc. In this case, the ITS will replace the shopping trolley, it is possible to use a removable trunk-basket in front, a barcode scanner, and a folding step or a bicycle seat at the back allows you to carry a passenger. Moreover, ITS will occupy less space than a person with a shopping cart. For young people, ITS can have a muscular (pedal and manual) drive - replace cycle cars and bicycles. Thus, in addition to the main purpose, ITS can be the prototype of a new mass means of individual mobility.

Claims (8)

1. An individual vehicle containing a frame with an armchair, a movement mechanism, a control mechanism and a power source, characterized in that the movement mechanism includes front and rear support devices, while the front support device includes two parallel tracks or polygon-shaped chains with an obtuse angle in the lower part with forming elements rigidly fixed to the frame in the form of support, driving and tensioning elements, support guides, and two drives, each of which They are rigidly fixed to the frame and connected to the driving element, and the rear support device includes a drive, a horizontally oriented shaft with supports, a locking mechanism, racks with forks, which are mounted with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal shaft and rotation around its own axis of self-orientating wheels, while the rear support device is fixed to the frame by means of supports on which a horizontally oriented shaft is mounted with the possibility of rotation around its own axis, and a fixing mechanism is rigidly fixed. 2. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a mechanism for changing the position of the chair in the form of an electric drive mechanism or a manual mechanism. 3. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement mechanism is additionally equipped with an electronic microprocessor. 4. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the seat is additionally equipped with a horizontal sensor located on the rack. 5. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear support device is additionally equipped with infrared, capacitive or ultrasonic sensors located in the front and rear parts of the frame. 6. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear support device is additionally equipped with a support element rigidly fixed to the rack. 7. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the front support device is additionally equipped with supporting rails in the form of rectilinear rigid plates rigidly mounted on the frame and located in the upper part of the polygon between the drive and tension elements. 8. The individual vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the front support device is additionally equipped with a tension mechanism mounted on the axis of the tension element and mounted on the frame.

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