RU2465036C1 - Recyclable filter for cleaning gases of solid aerosols - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to environmental protection and may be used in nuclear engineering for air cleaning of radioactive dust, metallurgy, chemical and other industries. Proposed filter comprises barrel casing with inlet and outlet branch pipe, cylindrical open-top filtration device arranged inside said casing and aligned therewith, and impact mechanism fitted at casing top to allow reciprocation of mechanism striker. Filter is furnished with elastic diaphragm tightly jointed with the casing to make dusty and clean air chambers. Filtration device top is tightly jointed with diaphragm bottom side. Striker can tightly close the filtration device bottom in striking on diaphragm. Relationship between casing ID and filtration device ID and OD makes 1:(0.75÷0.85):(0.45÷0.49).

EFFECT: higher efficiency, lower costs.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used in the nuclear industry for air purification from radioactive dust, as well as in metallurgy, chemistry and other industries.

A known filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols (AS USSR No. 1212507 dated 12/20/83, class B01D 46/10), comprising a housing with an inlet, an outlet manifold, a percussion mechanism and a filtering device, including flat filtering elements with dividing frames placed between them. Outlets are located at the upper ends of the filter elements. The filter elements and dividing frames are rigidly connected to the housing, and the filtering device is mounted to move relative to the bellows device.

The disadvantages of this device are the possibility of highly toxic substances entering the environment during the failure of the bellows and the loss of energy of the percussion device to deformation of the bellows and the spring during regeneration.

Also known is a filter for cleaning air from dust (US Pat. RF No. 101939 U1 dated 09.29.2010, class B01D 46/46), comprising a housing, dust and cleaned air supply units, a filter device located inside the housing with a filter element from a filter web suspended in the upper part on a movable frame, and the regeneration unit of the filter element. The frame on springs is suspended from the upper part of the housing, and the filter element is fixed in the lower part on a fixed frame, is made by a curved zigzag and sealed relative to dusty and purified air zones.

The main disadvantage of this filter is that it is structurally complex and low-tech in manufacturing.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a regenerable filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols (US Pat. RF No. 2139127 of 08/03/1998, class B01D 46/10), comprising a housing with an inlet and an outlet, a cylindrical filtering device located inside the housing coaxially with it, consisting of flat filter elements arranged radially with respect to the axis of the housing with an open upper end, and connected to an output manifold installed with the possibility of vertical movement. In addition, the filter contains a magnetic pulse system mounted on the upper part of the housing, in which a shock mechanism is placed in the form of a rod with a stop and a striking magnetic material located on it, while the rod is rigidly connected to the collector and flat filter elements and is aligned with the body. This filter is taken as a prototype of the invention. However, compared with the proposed filter, it is structurally more complex, material-intensive, less technological, and has insufficient regeneration efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to create a technological, less material-intensive, easier to use filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols with high regeneration efficiency.

The technical result consists in greater manufacturability of the filter manufacturing, ease of operation, operational efficiency by increasing the degree of regeneration of the filtering device, as well as in reducing its material consumption.

The specified technical result is achieved by the proposed filter, comprising a cylindrical housing with an inlet and an outlet, an elastic membrane hermetically connected to the housing to form chambers for dusty and clean air, a cylindrical filtering device with an open upper end, located inside the housing coaxially with it and hermetically fastened the upper end with the lower side of the membrane, a striking mechanism with a striker mounted in the upper part of the body with the possibility of reciprocating the movement of the striker and the tight overlap of the open end of the filter device during the impact of the striker on the membrane, while the ratio of the inner diameter of the housing, the outer and inner diameters of the filter device is 1: (0.75 ÷ 0.85) :( 0.45 ÷ 0, 49).

The difference between the proposed filter and the prototype is that it is equipped with an elastic membrane that is tightly connected to the housing with the formation of chambers for dusty and clean air, the upper end of the filter device is hermetically fastened to the lower side of the membrane, the striker of the percussion mechanism is made with the possibility of tight closing of the open end of the filter devices during impact on the membrane, while the ratio of the inner diameter of the housing, the outer and inner diameters of the filter device is 1 :( 0.75 ÷ 0.85) :( 0.45 ÷ 0.49).

From the scientific and technical literature, the authors do not know the regenerated filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols of the proposed design.

The drawing shows a General view of the proposed filter with a partial section, where:

1 - filter housing;

2 - inlet;

3 - outlet pipe;

4 - filtering device;

5 - elastic membrane;

6 - a chamber of clean air;

7 - a chamber of dusty air;

8 - a collar;

9 - shock mechanism;

10 - firing pin;

11 - a dust collector;

12 - cover.

The proposed filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols includes a cylindrical body (1) with a cover (12) and a dust collector (11). An inlet (2) is located in the lower part of the housing in the form of a circular slit, and in its upper part, on the side surface of the lid, is an outlet pipe (3). The elastic membrane (5) is tightly clamped between the cover (12) and the housing (1) by means of a sliding clamp (8) and divides the inner space of the filter into chambers of clean (6) and dusty (7) air. A filtering device (4) is tightly connected to the underside of the membrane (5), including a folded cylindrical filter element with an inner perforated insert. The upper end of the filter device is open, and the lower end is hermetically sealed. The filter device (4) is attached to the membrane (5) with its upper open end, and its lower end is not fixed.

A shock mechanism (9) is located on the cover (12), on the stock of which there is a hammer (10). The impact mechanism may be pneumatic or electromagnetic. When hitting the membrane, a massive hammer (10) briefly blocks the open upper end of the filter device, which contributes to better separation of dust from it and significantly increases the regeneration efficiency of the proposed structurally simple and technological filter.

The filter works as follows. Dusty air through the inlet (2) enters the chamber of dusty air (7), passes through the filtering device (4), the membrane (5), the clean air chamber (6) and is discharged through the outlet pipe (3). When dust accumulates on the filter element, the aerodynamic resistance of the filter increases to a certain value, at which it is regenerated.

The hammer (10) strikes the membrane (5). The elastic membrane (5) brings the filtering device (4) into oscillatory motion. Simultaneously with the impact of the strikers (10), the open end of the filtering device (4) hermetically closes for the duration of the impact, as a result, the air flow through the filter stops, which, together with the oscillatory movement of the filtering device, leads to a more complete separation of dust from it. As practice has shown, this design of the shock mechanism significantly increases the efficiency of the filter regeneration. Just a short tight overlap of the open end of the filter device (4) does not give any dust regeneration at all, a blow to the membrane (5) without overlapping the filter device shakes off a significant amount of dust from it, and only the proposed design of the shock device, which allows hermetically close the open end filtering device and simultaneously hit the membrane, contributes to the complete separation of dust. Thus, the regeneration of the filtering device occurs completely and at no additional cost.

As a result of a large number of experiments, the authors came to the conclusion that the ratio of the inner diameter of the housing, the outer and inner diameters of the filter device, equal to 1: (0.75 ÷ 0.85) :( 0.45 ÷ 0.49), is optimal. Compliance with this ratio is especially important for filters that clean the gas stream from radioactive dust. If this ratio is greater than stated, then the mass and dimensions of the filter unreasonably increase with the same filtration characteristics. A decrease in the claimed ratio leads to an increase in the filter resistance to gas flow, which leads to its inoperability.

Thus, the proposed regenerated filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols has simplicity, reliability in operation, less material consumption, manufacturability and significantly greater regeneration efficiency.

From the above it follows that each of the features of the claimed combination to a greater or lesser extent affects the solution of the problem, and the entire population is sufficient to characterize the claimed technical solution.

Claims (1)

A regenerated filter for cleaning gases from solid aerosols, comprising a cylindrical housing with an inlet and an outlet, a cylindrical filtering device with an open upper end located coaxially with it inside the housing, and a percussion mechanism with a striker mounted in the upper part of the housing with a reciprocating moving striker, characterized in that it is equipped with an elastic membrane hermetically connected to the housing with the formation of chambers for dusty and clean air, and the upper end the filter device is hermetically fastened to the lower side of the membrane, the firing pin is made with the possibility of tight closing of the open end of the filter device during impact on the membrane, while the ratio of the inner diameter of the housing, the outer and inner diameters of the filter device is 1: (0.75 ÷ 0.85) : (0.45 ÷ 0.49).

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