RU2464793C1 - Method for drying and disinfection of products using waves of different physical nature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry. According to the proposed method, a fish semi-product is dried under natural and artificial conditions. Under natural conditions drying is performed at an air temperature no higher than 30°C, relative air humidity equal to 30% and the air flow rate equal to 1 - 5 m/sec. Under artificial conditions drying is performed in a preliminary convective heating drying chamber wherein the drying medium movement rate is at least 20-30% higher than in the base convective heating drying chamber; the final additional drying is performed in the base convective heating drying chamber. In the process of natural and artificial drying one subjects the semi-product to acoustic waves within the range of 2×10¹ Hz - 5×10⁴ Hz with intensity equal to no less than 100 Wt/m² at a distance of 1 m from the radiator while in the process of artificial drying one additionally subjects the semi-product to ultraviolet radiation, visible light radiation and infrared radiation. In the periods of pauses for drying and disinfection with acoustic radiation one subjects destructive insects and rodents to acoustic waves within the range of 2×10¹ Hz - 5×10⁴ Hz with intensity equal to no less than 100 Wt/m² at a distance of 1 m from the radiator.

EFFECT: method allows to reduce the drying process duration alongside with preservation of the produced product quality as well as reduce energy consumption and protect the semi-product against insects and rodents.

11 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of physics and can be used in the fishing industry when processing hydrobionts - to increase the drying, drying, smoking, etc., and also to increase the efficiency of disinfection of seafood: fish, invertebrates, etc .; in agriculture - to increase the efficiency of drying and disinfection: cereals - wheat, rice, etc., fruits - grapes, apples, etc., vegetables: potatoes, carrots, etc., in water treatment and sanitation - for cleaning and disinfecting water; in the medical industry - to increase the efficiency of drying and disinfecting drugs, etc., in the woodworking industry - to increase efficiency (reduce the duration of the process, reduce energy costs for drying a unit volume of wood, improve wood quality - lack of internal and external deformations, etc.) drying (removal of free and bound liquid) and disinfection (destruction of pathogenic microbes and parasites, repelling rodents and other pests) of wood, etc., as well as in other regions astakh of the national economy.

There is a method of cold drying seafood (for example, fish) in artificial or natural conditions, which consists in the preparation of a semi-finished product: bleeding fish by cutting the intersternal gap and the heart bulb, gutting, plastation, separating the head from the carcass and removing the spine; drying at an air temperature of no higher than 30 ° C, relative humidity of no more than 30% and an air velocity of 1-5 m / s for 6-12 weeks - depending on weather conditions, sorting by quality and commodity design of the finished product with an output fish 25-27% of the mass of raw materials when the water content in the finished product is not more than 30% / 1, 2 /.

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. The duration of the drying process is up to several months.

2. The low quality of drying, especially of large and oily semi-finished products, which can lead to the appearance of mold (for example, white, black-green, etc.) in some of the finished product.

3. The inability to protect against insects (for example, a skin-beetle beetle, a granary moth, etc.) and rodents (mice, rats, etc.) during the drying process.

4. Inadequate medical safety due to the impossibility of disinfection - the destruction of part or all (as during sterilization) of harmful microorganisms, etc.

A known method of convective-thermal drying of seafood (for example, fish) in artificial conditions, which consists in the preparation of a semi-finished product: bleeding of fish by cutting the intersternal gap and the heart bulb, gutting, plastation, separating the head from the carcass and removing the spine; laying fish on shelving nets in a convective-thermal drying chamber; preparing a drying agent — heated by air heaters or combustion products, etc., uniformly supplying a drying agent to the racks with fish, evenly draining the partially moistened and partially cooled drying agent from the convection-heat drying chamber from the racks with fish, drying at an air temperature not exceeding 35 ° С, relative humidity of air no more than 30% and air velocity of 1-5 m / s for up to 10 days - depending on the properties (fat content, size, etc.) of the fish; unloading racks of fish from the convective heat chamber; sorting fish by quality and commodity design of the finished product / 1, 2 /.

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Inadequate quality (taste, smell, etc.) of the finished product.

2. Large energy consumption for drying a unit volume of the semi-finished product.

3. Insufficient quality of drying - due to uneven removal of moisture from the internal and external parts of the semi-finished product (especially large and greasy), which can lead to mold (for example, white, black-green, etc.) in some of the finished product.

4. Inadequate medical safety due to the impossibility of disinfection - the destruction of part or all (as during sterilization) of harmful microorganisms, etc.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed relates to a method of combined drying of seafood (for example, fish) in natural and artificial conditions, which consists in the preparation of a semi-finished product (bleeding fish by cutting the inter-gill and heart bulbs, gutting, plastation, separating the head from the carcass and removing the spine bone) ), its laying on nets, etc. and pre-drying in natural conditions at an air temperature of no higher than 30 ° C, relative humidity of no more than 30% and air velocity of 1-5 m / s for 1-3 days, laying pre-dried to 65-70% of the semi-finished product along with nets for racks in a convective-thermal drying chamber, preparing a drying agent — heated by air heaters or combustion products, etc., uniformly supplying drying agents to racks with a semi-finished product, evenly withdrawing from the racks with a semi-finished product partially humidified of a partially and partially cooled drying agent from a convective-thermal drying chamber, final drying under artificial conditions at an air temperature of no higher than 35 ° C, a relative humidity of not more than 30% and an air velocity of 1-5 m / s for up to 3-4 days - depending on the properties of the semi-finished product, unloading racks with dried semi-finished products from the convection-heat chamber on the nets, sorting by quality and commodity design of the finished product / 1, 2 /.

The disadvantages of this method, selected as a prototype method, include:

1. Inadequate quality (taste, smell, etc.) of the finished product.

2. The relatively large energy consumption for drying a unit volume of the semi-finished product.

3. The inability to protect against insects (for example, a skin-beetle beetle, a granary moth, etc.) and rodents (mice, rats, etc.) during the drying process.

4. Insufficient quality of drying - due to uneven removal of moisture from the internal and external parts of the semi-finished product (especially large and greasy), which can lead to mold (for example, white, black-green, etc.) in some of the finished product.

5. Inadequate medical safety due to the impossibility of disinfection - the destruction of part or all (as during sterilization) of harmful microorganisms, etc.

The problem that is solved by the invention is to develop a method free from the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the proposed method is to efficiently dry products, reduce the duration of the process, reduce the energy consumption for drying a unit volume of the semi-finished product, while maintaining the semi-finished product from insects and rodents during the drying process, as well as the possibility of effective disinfection of the semi-finished product in acoustic and electromagnetic fields, while maintaining it quality, ensuring medical safety for staff and consumers, as well as environmental safety for environment (OPS) in a relatively simple way with minimal financial and time costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of combined drying of products (for example, seafood) in natural and artificial conditions, which consists in the preparation of a semi-finished product, its laying on a grid, preliminary drying of a semi-finished product in natural conditions at an air temperature of no higher than 30 ° C, relative humidity air no more than 30% and air speed 1-5 m / s, laying nets with pre-dried semi-finished products on racks in the main convective-thermal drying chamber (OKTSK), preparation with an awl agent (heated by air heaters or air combustion products, etc.), uniformly supplying a drying agent to racks with a semi-finished product, evenly draining a partially moistened and partially cooled drying agent from OKTSK from racks with a semi-finished product, final drying of the semi-finished product under artificial conditions, unloading the shelves with dried on grids by a semi-finished product, its sorting by quality and commodity design of the finished product, while drying the semi-finished product in natural conditions is carried out under a canopy, and excluding the ingress of rain, including during a crosswind, as well as direct sunlight (which avoids "tanning" and overheating, as well as increased exposure to solar radiation), meshes with a semi-finished product are set at an angle that excludes, on the one hand, rolling the semi-finished product, and on the other hand, - providing free movement of moisture along the fibers under the action of gravity, the semi-finished product on the nets is stacked vertically (head down or head up), in addition, a preliminary convective heat dryer is used to a measure (PCTSC), in which the speed of movement of the drying agent is not less than 20-30% higher than in the OCTSC, in addition, in the process of drying the semi-finished product in the PCTSC, a part of the drying agent removed from the OCTSC (partially moistened and cooled) is used, additionally carry out periodic - combining the modes of radiation and pause, at different - at least two frequencies, at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, the impact on the semi-finished product located in natural (outdoors under a canopy) and skusstvennyh (in OKTSK and PKTSK) conditions, acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × January ¹⁰ Hz to 5 × April ¹⁰ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² (which, during drying, semi-simultaneously with by the action of gravity, it intensifies the natural watercourse of moisture along the semi-finished fabric, relaxes the semi-finished fabric and squeezes moisture onto its surface, and when the semi-finished product is disinfected, it destroys harmful microorganisms), in addition to OCTSK and PKTSK they carry out periodic - combining radiation modes and pauses, at different frequencies (wavelengths), at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, exposure to a semi-finished product that is under artificial conditions, electromagnetic waves: ultraviolet radiation (wavelength 10-400 nm), visible light radiation (length waves 400-750 nm) and infrared radiation (wavelength 740 nm ... 1-2 mm) depending on the type of microorganisms being destroyed, with a minimum of at least 20-30%, intensity than is usually used for disinfecting products, but not exceeding 1 MeV (which, simultaneously with the acoustic by disinfection, intensifies the general process of disinfection of the semi-finished product), in addition, when drying in natural and artificial conditions, during periods of pause of the main (drying and disinfecting) acoustic radiation, periodic is carried out - combining radiation and pause modes, exposure of harmful insects and rodents to acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter at least 100 W / m ² .

Figure 1-3 presents a structural diagram of a device that implements the developed method of drying and disinfecting products using waves of various physical nature, using the example of drying and disinfection of fish in the processing technology of aquatic organisms. Moreover: figure 1 illustrates the structural diagram of the device in relation to the General principle of implementation of the developed method; figure 2 illustrates the structural diagram of the device as applied to drying in natural conditions, as well as to acoustic drying of the semi-finished product, acoustic decontamination of the semi-finished product and acoustic repelling of harmful insects and rodents; figure 3 illustrates the structural diagram of the device in relation to drying in artificial conditions, as well as in relation to the electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product; figure 4 illustrates the functional diagram of the device in relation to the acoustic drying of the semi-finished product; figure 5 illustrates the functional diagram of the device in relation to the disinfection of the semi-finished product by acoustic and electromagnetic waves.

Figure 6-11 presents the test results of the developed method for drying and disinfecting products using waves of various physical nature. In this case: FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the drying processes of a semi-finished product (pink salmon fillet) when implementing the prototype method (FIG. 6) and the developed method (FIG. 7), respectively; on Fig, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes of the semi-finished product (fillet of yellow whale) in vivo at an ambient temperature of 30-33 ° C and a relative humidity of 80-95% during the implementation of the prototype method (dashed line) and the developed method (solid line); figure 9, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes of a semi-finished product (fillet of yellow whale) in artificial conditions at a temperature of a drying agent of 28-30 ° C and relative humidity of 40-55% during the implementation of the prototype method (dashed line) and developed method (solid line); figure 10, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes of the semi-finished product - pink salmon: fillet - index "f" and carcasses - index "t" in natural conditions at an ambient temperature of 30-33 ° C and a relative humidity of 80-95% in the process the implementation of the prototype method (dashed lines indicated by the number 2 with the corresponding index) and the developed method (solid lines indicated by the number 1 with the corresponding index); 11, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes (weight reduction of 10 pcs.) of the semi-finished product - fillet of yellow whale in artificial conditions at an ambient temperature of 30-33 ° C and a relative humidity of 80-95% during the implementation of the prototype method ( dashed line) and the developed method (solid line).

The device contains: a semi-finished product (1) obtained after bleeding of fish (by cutting the intersternal gap and the heart bulb), its gutting and plasticization, as well as separating the head from the carcass and removing the spine, previously laid out on the net (2); canopy (3), excluding the ingress of rain, including with a crosswind, as well as direct sunlight (which avoids "tanning" and overheating, as well as increased exposure to solar radiation), with a device (4) for inclined installation at an angle α ₁ (about 60 degrees) of grids (2), excluding, on the one hand, rolling the semi-finished product, and on the other hand, providing free movement of moisture along the fibers under the influence of gravity, the semi-finished products on the grids are stacked vertically (head down or head up) ; a preliminary convective-thermal drying chamber (5), longer in length, less warmer in temperature and with more intense blowing with a wetter (less dry) drying agent (5), and also shorter in length, warmer in temperature and with less intensive blowing drier and more with a warm drying agent, a main convective-thermal drying chamber (6); movable racks (7) identical to each other, equipped with castors (8) and manual stops (9) for fixing the castors (8), on which (racks) the grids are installed at an inclination angle α ₂ (of the order of 10 degrees), smaller than the angle of inclination α ₁ . At the same time, PCTSK (5) and OKTSK (6) contain: a general inclined angle α ₃ (of the order of 3-5 degrees), smaller than the angle α ₂ and even less than the angle α ₁ , floor (10), which makes it easy to move the movable shelving (7) from PKTSK (5) to OKTSK (6).

The device also contains a system (11) of preparation, distributed supply and distributed drainage of the drying agent, as well as its uniform movement in the PTSSC (5) and in the OCTSK (6), which, in turn, contains: a preparation block (12) of the drying agent, containing consistently functionally connected: the main receiving duct (13), the main retractor fan (14), the main preparation agent (15) of the drying agent (for example, air heater, etc.) up to the parameters set for OKTSK (6): temperature T (degrees Celsius ), relative humidity W (%) and volume V ( ^3), the main discharge duct (16) with a sensor (17) temperature sensor (18) and a relative humidity sensor (19) consumption of drying agent and the main valve (20) of the drying agent; a block (21) of a distributed supply of a drying agent containing functionally connected: a first receiving duct (22), the input of which is connected to the first output of the main distributor (20), and its multi-channel output is connected to the corresponding input of each of several (at least two) uniformly distributed over the entire upper part of the OKTSK (6) of the first blowers (23) of the drying agent, uniformly distributed throughout the entire lower part of the OKTSK (6) the first several (at least two) air samples (24) of the drying agent, the first exhaust fan (25), the first exhaust duct (26) connected to the first input of the mixer (27) of the drying agent, while the second input (27) is connected to the second output of the main distributor (20) of the drying agent, and the output (27) is connected to the input of the second the intake duct (28), and its multi-channel output is connected to the corresponding input of each of several (at least three) second drying agent blowers (29) uniformly distributed throughout the upper part of the FCTC (5), evenly distributed throughout the entire lower part of the FCTC (5) second few (at least three) in air dryers (30) of the drying agent, a second exhaust fan (31), a replaceable air filter (32) and a second exhaust duct (33) through which the drying agent exhausted in the process and cleaned in the filter (32) is discharged into the atmosphere. At the same time: the system also (11) contains mobile (quickly installed and quickly dismantled in a given place) working fans (34) distributed over the volumes of the canopy (3), PKTSK (5) and OKTSK (5) with smoothly varying performance; under a canopy (3), as well as in PTSKS (5) and OKTSK (5), temperature sensors (17) and sensors (18) for the relative humidity of the drying agent are installed.

The device also contains a three-channel acoustic path (35), which, in turn, contains: multi-frequency - at least two frequencies and multi-channel - according to the number of acoustic emitters used, channel (36) for acoustic drying of the semi-finished product; a multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (37) for the acoustic disinfection of a semi-finished product, as well as a multi-frequency and multi-channel (38) channel for repelling insects and rodents from a semi-finished product. In this case: the multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (36) for the acoustic drying of a semi-finished product contains electrically connected in series: the first multi-frequency generator (39) of a special waveform, the first multi-channel power amplifier (40) and several, according to the number of channels in (40) of identical acoustic emitters (41); the multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (37) of the acoustic decontamination of a semi-finished product contains electrically connected in series: a second multi-frequency generator (42) of special shape signals, a second multi-channel power amplifier (43) and several, according to the number of channels in (43) of identical acoustic emitters (41) ; the multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (38) for the acoustic repelling of insects and rodents from the semi-finished product contains electrically connected in series: the third multi-frequency generator (44) of a special shape, the third multi-channel power amplifier (45) and several according to the number of channels in (45) that are identical to each other acoustic emitters (41). In this case, the three-channel acoustic path (35) contains the first control unit (46) based on a personal computer and the first channel switch (47), which generate and supply control signals to the corresponding inputs of the first multi-frequency generator (39), the second multi-frequency generator (42) and third multi-frequency generator (44).

The device also contains a three-channel (depending on the type of microorganisms being destroyed) path (48) for the electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, which, in turn, contains: multi-channel - in terms of the number of corresponding electromagnetic emitters used, a channel (49) for generating, amplifying and emitting electromagnetic waves in ultraviolet (wavelengths 10-400 nm) in the frequency spectrum, multi-channel - according to the number of corresponding electromagnetic emitters used, channel (50) of formation, amplification and radiation of electromagnetic waves in the visible light (wavelengths of 400-750 nm) frequency spectrum, multi-channel - in terms of the number of corresponding electromagnetic emitters used, channel (51) for generating, amplifying and emitting electromagnetic waves in the infrared (wavelength of 740 nm ... 1-2 mm) frequency spectrum .

In this case: a multi-channel channel (49) for generating, amplifying and emitting electromagnetic waves ω _UV in the ultraviolet (wavelengths 10-400 nm) frequency spectrum contains serially electrically connected: a generator (52) of signals of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum ω _UV , a multi-channel power amplifier (53 ) the ultraviolet frequency spectrum and several - according to the number of channels in (53), identical to each other electromagnetic emitters (54) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum ω _UV ; multi channel (50) forming, amplification, and radiation of electromagnetic waves in the visible light spectrum ω _wi frequencies comprises sequentially connected electrically by: the generator (55) signals of the visible light spectrum ω _{wi frequency} multichannel power amplifier (56) of the visible light spectrum, and multiple - of the number of channels in (56) identical to each other electromagnetic emitters (57) of the visible light spectrum of frequencies ω _vi; a multichannel channel (51) for generating, amplifying, and emitting electromagnetic waves in the infrared frequency spectrum ω _ik contains series-connected electrically connected: a generator (58) of infrared frequency spectrum signals ω _ik , a multi-channel power amplifier (59) of the infrared frequency spectrum and several according to the number of channels in power amplifier (59) identical to each other electromagnetic emitters (60) of the infrared frequency spectrum ω _ir . In this case, the three-channel path (48) of the electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product contains a second control unit (61) based on a personal computer and a second channel switch (62), which generate and supply control signals to the corresponding inputs of the generator (52) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum signals ω _UV , generator (55) signals of the visible light spectrum of frequencies ω _vi and a generator (58) signals of the infrared spectrum of frequencies ω _ir .

The method of drying and disinfecting products using waves of various physical nature (for example, processing salmon fish Salmonidae - pink salmon) is implemented as follows.

At the preliminary stage, after bleeding the fish (by cutting the intersternal gap and the heart bulb), gutting and plasting, as well as separating the head from the carcass and removing the spine, a semi-finished product (1 ⁰ ) with a moisture content of ~ 80% is obtained.

At the first stage, the resulting semi-finished product (1 ⁰ ) is laid out (manually or automatically) on the nets (2) with the skin down so that after raising the nets at an angle α ₁ (~ 60 °), the tail (the thinnest and longest part) of each semi-finished product is at the bottom , and the head (the most fleshy and shortest) part is at the top (figure 4). Mesh is then (2) from the semi-finished product (1 ⁰⁾ at an angle of several tens of degrees α ₁ (~ 60 °) is placed in the device (4), excluding the one hand, rolling the semifinished product and, on the other hand, - providing a free movement of the unbound (free) moisture (including fish oil - for oily fish) along the fiber semifinished product (1 ⁰⁾ under the action of gravity G (Figure 4). At the same time, device (4) is installed under a canopy (3), which excludes rain, including during a crosswind, as well as direct rays of the sun, which avoids “tanning” and overheating, as well as increased exposure to solar radiation from the semi-finished product (1 ⁰ ) Under the canopy are also located: a sensor (17) of the ambient temperature (in this case, atmospheric) air T (degrees Celsius) and a sensor (18) of the relative humidity of the surrounding (in this case, atmospheric) air W (%), several - at least two, mobile (quickly installed and quickly dismantled) working fans (34) with smoothly changing performance, providing, if the speed of atmospheric air (V _a ) is less than 3-5 m / s, artificially maintaining uniform - over the entire area of the canopy (3 ) speed swirling air for at least 3-5 m / s; several - at least six (at least two for each of the three channels) identical acoustic emitters (41) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), providing radiation from top to bottom over the entire area of the grids (2) with semi-finished product (1 °) radiation acoustic waves.

Moreover, with the help of series-electrically connected first multi-frequency generator (39) signals of a special shape, the first multi-channel power amplifier (40) and several - by the number of channels in (40) identical acoustic emitters (41) of multi-frequency - at least two frequencies, multi-channel - according to the number of used acoustic emitters, channel (36) for acoustic drying of the semi-finished product of the three-channel acoustic path (35), they are formed, amplified to the required level and directed - in the sector of several tens of degrees, the radiation according to the program - combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the control unit (46) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves on several - at least two frequencies: lower frequency (LF) - F _ci and higher frequency (HF) - f _ci in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² . In this case, acoustic waves at frequencies F _ci are usually used for acoustic drying of large and fat carcasses of semi-finished products, as well as semi-finished products with high relative humidity, while acoustic waves at frequencies f _ci are usually used for acoustic drying of thin and non-fat carcasses of semi-finished products, as well as at the final stage of drying the semi-finished product. In the process of gravity (G), natural capillary pressure (P _EKD ) and natural diffusion (D _E ), as well as under the influence of acoustic waves at frequencies F _ci and f _ci at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of the grids (2) with the semi-finished product ( 1 ⁰⁾ - in the course of acoustic relaxation (relaxation) and the acoustic stimulus (massage) muscle, skin and subcutaneous tissues of the semifinished product (1 ⁰⁾ and acoustic (forced) capillary pressure (P _DCE) and acoustic (forced) diffusion (D _EA ) the first, insignificant ~ 10% of ~ 80%, part of the liquid in the form bound moisture is displaced along the shortest paths, which coincides with the vector (direction) of the acoustic pressure (double arrow in Figure 4) of the meat thickness of the semifinished product (1 ⁰⁾ on its surface, further increasing thereby its moisture content (and therefore a it is required, naturally or artificially, to provide a fairly intense 3 ... 5 m / s and uniform movement of atmospheric air along the surface of the semi-finished product); Second, a significant ~ 30% ~ 80%, of the liquid in the form of free moisture is actively moving along tissue semifinished product (1 ⁰⁾ into a thinner (and therefore fast drying) tail portion, moisturizes and prevents drying of the thin portion semifinished product (therefore requires by natural or artificial means to ensure sufficiently intense - at least 3 ... 5 m / s, uniform movement of atmospheric air along the entire surface of the semi-finished product); the third, the main ~ 40% of ~ 80% of the liquid in the form of free and bound moisture is distributed over the entire volume of partially dried (up to ~ 40%) semi-finished product (1 ¹ ). Thus, by transforming the molecular level of the acoustic energy into heat, carry additional acoustic drying semifinished product (1 ^0), especially the more distant from the surface of the parts, and the removal of moisture from the semifinished product surface and its thermal drying is carried out by the movement at a speed V _a (at least 3 m / s) of a drying agent (in this case, ambient air) with a temperature T _a (~ 30 ° C) and relative humidity W _a (~ 30%).

All remaining: unbound (free) moisture - ~ 35% of ~ 40%, concentrated in the cavities of the cells of the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ), and bound moisture ~ 5% of ~ 40%, concentrated in the shells of the cells of the semi-finished product, is partially ~ 40% humidity dried semi-finished product (1 ¹ ). Wherein: while acoustic partial drying semifinished product (1 ⁰⁾ in vivo (roofed) is 4-8 hours (daylight) depending on the characteristics (geometric dimensions, richness and al.), The chemical composition of the raw material and a method for cutting, as well as depending on temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric air velocity, etc .; due to partial acoustic drying of the semi-finished product (1 °) in vivo, in the future, after the final drying, products with high organoleptic and taste indicators are obtained; due to the influence of acoustic waves (relaxation of muscle tissue, the release of bound moisture, the uniform redistribution of moisture to the surface parts, the even distribution of the remaining moisture, etc.) at frequencies at F _ci and f _{ci, the} overall drying process in nature is more uniform, without drying out surface layers and the formation of crusts on them, without the creation of humidity and temperature gradients within the semifinished product (1 ^0), etc., and also without changing the biological or chemical composition.

At the same time, using a series of electrically connected second multi-frequency generator (42) signals of a special shape, a second multi-channel power amplifier (43) and several according to the number of channels in (43), identical acoustic emitters (41) of a multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (37) ) acoustic decontamination semifinished (1 ^0), a three-channel acoustic path (35) is carried shaping, amplification to a desired level and directed - in the sector a few tens of degrees - radiation for about grams - combining the radiation and pause modes stored in the control unit (46), based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves at several - at least two, frequencies: more LF - F _oi and more HF - f _oi in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² . In this case, the emission of acoustic waves at frequencies F _oi and f _oi (continuous and quasi-continuous in duration, amplitude-modulated, frequency-modulated and other signals of complex shape, etc.), which are in essence bioresonant - their frequencies are close to natural frequencies pathogens, modulated amplitude and frequency (phase) signals infrasound range 3-12 Hz frequency, etc., is performed in time intervals when the radiation of acoustic waves at frequencies F _ci and f _ci (quasi-continuous and continuous for long lnosti, harmonic signals in form, etc.), which are in essence pure tones - their frequencies are close to the musical notes do not produce.

Under the influence of acoustic waves by the bioresonance method at frequencies F _oi and f _oi , partial (at the level of 5-10%) disinfection is performed - partial destruction of various infections (Fig. 5): at frequencies F _oi - anisacid larvae having their own resonant frequencies Ω _j , at frequencies f _oi - bacteria having their own resonant frequencies Ω _I , etc.

At the same time, with the help of sequentially electrically connected third multi-frequency generator (44) of a special form of signals, a third multi-channel power amplifier (45) and several - according to the number of channels in (43), identical acoustic emitters (41) of a multi-frequency and multi-channel channel ( 38) acoustic repelling insects and rodents away from the semifinished product (1 ^0), a three-channel acoustic path (35) is carried formation, increased to the desired level and direction - to several tens of degrees sector mustache, radiation according to the program - combining radiation and pause modes stored in the control unit (46) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves on several - at least two, frequencies: more than LF - F _pi and more HF - f _pi in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² . In this case, the emission of acoustic waves at frequencies F _pi and f _pi (pulsed and quasi-continuous in duration, amplitude-modulated, frequency-manipulated and other signals of complex shape, etc.), which are essentially energy-causing pain in insects and rodents that suppress their orientation channels in space, etc., as well as informational ones that cause anxiety in rodents, perform at time intervals when the radiation of acoustic waves at frequencies F _ci and f _ci and also at frequencies F _oi and f _oi produced woodpeckers.

Under the influence of acoustic waves at frequencies F _pi and f _pi, insects and rodents try to quickly leave the zone of acoustic radiation, and after several - at least three, they try to leave this space, despite the alluring food reflex.

At the second stage, partially dried in natural conditions (under a canopy) to a relative humidity of ~ 40%, the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) on the same nets (2) is installed in identical movable racks (7) equipped with castors (8) and manual stops (9) for fixing the wheels (8), on which (racks) the grids (2) are installed at an angle of inclination α ₂ (~ 10 °), smaller than the angle of inclination α ₁ , which not only completely eliminates the rolling of the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) with reduced, ~ 40%, humidity, but also provides relatively free movement of the remaining unbound moisture along the fibers of the semifinished product (1 ¹⁾ under the action of gravity, and the release-related (molecular bonds, etc.) Moisture - under the action (hereinafter the process) of the acoustic waves from the depth of the surface of the semifinished product (1 ¹⁾ along the shortest path.

In the future, racks (7) with nets (2) are rolled into the FCSSC (5) and placed in it in such a way as to ensure uniform movement of the drying agent with a speed of V _CA throughout the entire volume of the FCSSC (5). In this case, the wheels (8) of the shelving (7) are placed on the stopper (9), excluding them (shelving), spontaneous movement along the inclined floor of the PCTS (5); in the process of reinstalling the grids (2) from (4) to (7), they control and, if necessary (in the case of sticking, which is possible for greasy and large-sized raw), partially move (move) the grid (2) individual copies of the semi-finished product (1 ¹ )

Then, according to the procedure described above, preliminary acoustic drying of partially dried (to a moisture content of ~ 40%) under natural conditions of a semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) is carried out at a relative humidity and temperature specified by the technological process, to obtain a pre-dried semi-finished product (1 ² ) with relative humidity (~ 25%), preliminary (~ to the level of 25%) acoustic decontamination of the semi-finished product, as well as complete (~ up to 100%) acoustic scaring of insects and rodents (caught in the PCTS, for example, during the loading of the floor manufactured goods, etc.) from the semifinished product. At the same time, convection-thermal drying and preliminary (~ up to 50%) disinfection of the semi-finished product in electromagnetic fields are carried out.

Why, in the preparation unit (12) of the drying agent included in the preparation system (11), the distributed supply and the distributed removal of the drying agent, as well as its uniform movement in the PCTSC (5) and in the OCTSK (6), using the following functionally connected: the main intake duct (13) and the main retractor fan (14), atmospheric air is supplied to the main preparation agent (15) of the drying agent (for example, air heater, etc.) and it is prepared in (15) in accordance with the set ones, first of all for OKTSK (6), parameters: temperature T ₀ , relative total humidity W ₀ and volume V ₀ . Then, using the exhaust duct (16) with a temperature sensor (17), a relative humidity sensor (18) and a drying agent flow sensor (19) through the main distributor (20), a part of the drying agent (V ₂ ) with a temperature T ₀ and a relative humidity W ₀ serves on the first input of the mixer (27) of the drying agent. At the same time, using the first several (at least two) air samplers (24) evenly distributed over the entire lower part of the OKTSK (6), the drying agent spent in OKTSK (6) with a temperature T ₁ lower _than T ₀ and with relative humidity W ₁ , greater than W ₀ , the first exhaust fan (25) and the first exhaust duct (26) are fed to the first input of the mixer (27) of the drying agent. Then, from the outlet (27), a drying agent with a temperature T ₂ less than T ₁ and, especially, T ₀ and with a relative humidity W ₂ greater than W ₁ and especially W ₀ , through a second receiving duct (28) and several (not less than three) second superchargers (29) of a drying agent with T ₂ and W ₂ uniformly distributed throughout the upper part of the FCSSC (5) are fed into the FCTS (5), and using the mobile working fans (34) distributed across the PCTSSC (5) volume smoothly varying performance ensure a uniform movement of the drying agent with the following parameters: T ₂ and W ₂ . In this case, using the temperature sensor (17) and the relative humidity sensor (18), the parameters of the drying agent T ₂ and W _{2 are} controlled, and if necessary (for example, raising the temperature and decreasing humidity), the proportion of the drying agent is increased using a mixer (27) with parameters T ₀ and W ₀ in the process of forming in it (in the mixer) a drying agent with parameters T ₂ and W ₂ . A drying agent with parameters T ₂ and W ₂ uniformly moving throughout the volume of the FCTC (5) carries out heating of the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) and removal of moisture from its surface. Subsequently, the spent drying agent with parameters: temperature T ₃ - less than T ₂ , T ₁ and, especially, T ₀ , and relative humidity W ₃ - greater than W ₂ , W ₁ and, especially, W ₃ , through evenly distributed over the entire lower part of the FCTC (5) several (at least three) second air intakes (30) using a second exhaust fan (31), passing through a replaceable air filter (32) and cleaning it of harmful substances, through a second exhaust duct (33) is released into the atmosphere.

All remaining: unbound (free) moisture - for example ~ 20% of ~ 25%, concentrated in the cavities of the cells of the semi-finished product (1 ² ) and bound moisture - for example ~ 5% of ~ 25%, concentrated in the shells of the cells of the semi-finished product (1 ² ), constitutes, for example, ~ 25% humidity of partially dried semi-finished product (1 ² ). At the same time: the time of preliminary acoustic-convective-thermal drying of the semi-finished product (1 ² ) under artificial conditions (in PKTSK) is determined by the technological process and is 2-4 hours depending on the characteristics, chemical composition of the raw material and the method of its cutting; due to the action of acoustic waves (tissue relaxation, release of bound moisture, uniform redistribution of moisture to the surface parts, as well as a uniform distribution of the remaining moisture) at frequencies at F _ci and f _{ci, the} overall drying process is more uniform, without drying out of the surface layers and the formation of crusts on them without creating moisture and temperature gradients inside the semi-finished product (1 ² ), etc., as well as without changing its biological and chemical composition.

Moreover, with the help of series-connected first multi-frequency generator (39) signals of a special shape, the first multi-channel power amplifier (40) and several - according to the number of channels in (40), identical acoustic emitters (41) installed in the PCTC (5) , multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (36) for acoustic drying of a semi-finished product of a three-channel acoustic path (35), they form, amplify to the required level and direct - in a sector of several tens of degrees - radiation according to prog combining radiation and pause modes embedded in the control unit (46) based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves at several - at least two, frequencies: more than low frequencies - F _ci and more RF - f _ci in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² .

At the same time, in this case, using a series of electrically connected second multi-frequency generator (42) signals of a special shape, a second multi-channel power amplifier (43) and several, according to the number of channels in (43), identical acoustic emitters (41) of a multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (37) acoustic disinfection of a semi-finished product of a three-channel acoustic path (35), they carry out the formation, amplification to the required level and directed - in the sector of several tens of degrees, the radiation about the program - combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the control unit (46) - based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves at several - at least two, frequencies: more LF - F _oi and more HF - f _oi in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² .

At the same time, with the help of series-connected third multi-frequency generator (44) of specially shaped signals, third multi-channel power amplifier (45) and several - by the number of channels in (43), identical acoustic emitters (41) of multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (38) acoustic scaring of insects and rodents from the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) three-channel acoustic path (35), carry out the formation, amplification to the required level and directional - in the sector of several ten current degrees, radiation according to the program - combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the control unit (46) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves on several - at least two , frequencies: more than LF - F _pi and more HF - f _pi in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² .

At the same time, depending on the type of pathogens being killed, using a series-electrically connected generator (52) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum signals, a multi-channel power amplifier (53) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum and several - according to the number of channels in (53) that are identical to each other, electromagnetic emitters (54) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum of the multi-channel channel (49) of the three-channel path (48) of the electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, they form, amplify and and radiation according to the program - combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the second control unit (61) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the second channel switch (62) of the three-channel path (48) electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, electromagnetic waves in ultraviolet (wavelength 10 -400 nm) frequency spectrum ω _UV with an intensity (energy) not exceeding 1 MeV.

At the same time, depending on the type of pathogens being killed, using a series-electrically connected generator (55) of signals of the visible light frequency spectrum, a multi-channel power amplifier (56) of the visible light frequency spectrum and several according to the number of channels in (56) that are identical to each other friend of electromagnetic emitters (57) of the visible light spectrum of frequencies of a multi-channel channel (50) of a three-channel path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection of a semi-finished product (1 ¹ ), they form, amplify and radiation according to the program - combining radiation and pause modes - embedded in the second control unit (61) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the second channel switch (62) of the three-channel path (48) electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, electromagnetic waves in visible light ( wavelengths 400–750 nm) of the frequency spectrum ω _v with an intensity (energy) not exceeding 1 MeV.

At the same time, depending on the type of pathogens being killed, using an infrared frequency spectrum signal generator (58), a multi-channel power amplifier (59) of the infrared frequency spectrum, and several, according to the number of channels in (59), which are identical to each other, are electromagnetically connected emitters (60) of the infrared spectrum multichannel frequency channel (51) three-way path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection semifinished (1 ^1), forming is performed, gain and radiation about the program - combining the radiation and pause modes laid down in the second control unit (61) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the second channel switch (62) of the three-channel path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, electromagnetic waves in infrared (wavelength 740 nm ... 1-2 mm) of the frequency spectrum ω _ik with an intensity (energy) not exceeding 1 MeV.

Due to the acoustic effect, as well as due to the simultaneous and periodic effects, combining the radiation and pause modes at different frequencies (wavelengths), at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, and the effect on the semi-finished product located in the FCTC (5) of electromagnetic waves : ultraviolet radiation, visible light radiation and infrared radiation - depending on the type of microorganisms being destroyed, carry out almost complete - up to ~ 75%, their destruction with less - at least 20-30%, intensity (moreover but not exceeding 1 MeV) than is usually used for disinfecting products.

In the third stage, the portion (for example, 50% - if the size of the PCTSC is 2 times the size of the OCTSC) of the pre-dried one - to a relative humidity, for example, ~ 25% of the semi-finished product (1 ² ) on the same movable racks (7) with nets (2) they are rolled from PCTSSC (5) to OKTSK (6) and placed in it in such a way as to ensure uniform movement of the drying agent with parameters T ₀ and W ₀ throughout the entire volume of OKTSK (6). In this case, the wheels (8) of the racks (7) are placed on the stopper (9), excluding them (racks) spontaneous movement along the inclined floor of the OTSC (6).

Then, according to the procedure described above, the main acoustic drying is carried out already partially - under a canopy (3), and previously - in PCTS (5) of dried (to a moisture content of ~ 25%) semi-finished product (1 ² ) at a relative humidity and temperature specified by the technological process, to give finally dried semifinished product (1 ³⁾ with a relative humidity (~ 18-20%) in complete disinfection semifinished acoustic and electromagnetic fields and the full acoustic repelling insects and rodents (OKTSK caught in, for example, during vygru ki semifinished product, etc.) from the intermediate product.

To do this, in the preparation unit (12) of the drying agent included in the system (11) for the preparation, distributed supply and distribution of the drying agent, as well as its uniform movement in the OKTSK (6), using functionally connected in series: the main receiving duct (13) and the main retractor fan (14), the atmospheric air is supplied to the main preparation agent (15) of the drying agent (for example, air heater, etc.) and it is prepared in (15) in accordance with the parameters set for OKTSK (6): T ₀ , W ₀ and V ₀ . Then, using the exhaust duct (16) with a temperature sensor (17), a relative humidity sensor (18) and a drying agent flow sensor (19) through the main distributor (20), a part of the drying agent (V ₁ ) with a temperature T ₀ and a relative humidity W ₀ are fed, through the first receiving duct (22) and the first blowers (23) of the drying agent (23), in OKTSK (6). In this case, using mobile operating fans (34) distributed over the OKTSK volume (6) with smoothly varying capacity, the drying agent is uniformly distributed throughout the OKTSK volume (6) with a speed of ~ 2 times less than the speed of the drying agent in PKTSK (5) ; using the sensor (17) temperature and the sensor (18) relative humidity control the parameters of the drying agent; if necessary (for example, to increase the temperature and reduce humidity), using the main distributor (20), the part (V ₁ ) of the drying agent supplied to OKTSK (6) is increased with the parameters: T ₀ and W ₀ . At the same time, using the first several (at least two) air samplers (24) evenly distributed over the entire lower part of the OKTSK (6), the drying agent spent in OKTSK (6) with a temperature T ₁ lower _than T ₀ and with relative humidity W ₁ , greater than W ₀ , the first exhaust fan (25) and the first exhaust duct (26) are fed to the first input of the mixer (27) of the drying agent. In this case, the drying agent uniformly moving throughout the volume of the OCTSK (6) heats the semi-finished product (1 ² ) and removes moisture from its surface, and the time of the final acoustic-convective-thermal drying of the semi-finished product (1 ² ) in the OKTSK (6) is determined by the technological process and is 2-4 hours depending on the parameters of the semi-finished product 1 ² , received from PKTSK (5).

Moreover, with the help of series-connected first multi-frequency generator (39) signals of a special form, the first multi-channel power amplifier (40) and several - according to the number of channels in (40), identical acoustic emitters (41) installed in the OCTSC (6) , multi-frequency and multi-channel (36) acoustic drying of the semi-finished product of the three-channel acoustic path (35) carry out the formation, amplification to the required level and directed - in the sector of several tens of degrees - radiation according to the prog Amma, combining radiation modes and pause incorporated in the control unit (46) - on the basis of a personal computer, as well as due to the first switch channel (47) three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves in several - at least two frequencies: F _ci and f _ci in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m of not less than 100 W / m ² .

At the same time, in this case, using a series of electrically connected second multi-frequency generator (42) signals of a special shape, a second multi-channel power amplifier (43) and several, according to the number of channels in (43), identical acoustic emitters (41) of multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (37) acoustic disinfection of the semi-finished product of the three-channel acoustic path (35), they carry out the formation, amplification to the required level and directed - in the sector of several tens of degrees - radiation according to the program, combining radiation and pause modes stored in the control unit (46) based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves at several - at least two, frequencies: F _oi and f _oi in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m of at least 100 W / m ² .

At the same time, with the help of series-connected third multi-frequency generator (44) of specially shaped signals, third multi-channel power amplifier (45) and several - by the number of channels in (43), identical acoustic emitters (41) of multi-frequency and multi-channel channel (38) acoustic scaring of insects and rodents from the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) three-channel acoustic path (35), carry out the formation, amplification to the required level and directional - in the sector of several ten tk degrees - radiation according to the program, combining the radiation and pause modes stored in the control unit (46) - on the basis of a personal computer, and also thanks to the first channel switch (47) of the three-channel acoustic path (35), acoustic waves of several, at least two , frequencies: F _pi and f _pi in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² .

At the same time, depending on the type of pathogens being killed, using a series-electrically connected generator (52) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum signals, a multi-channel power amplifier (53) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum and several - according to the number of channels in (53) that are identical to each other, electromagnetic emitters (54) of the ultraviolet frequency spectrum of the multi-channel channel (49) of the three-channel path (48) of the electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, they form, amplify and and radiation according to the program, combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the second control unit (61) based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the second channel switch (62) of the three-channel path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, electromagnetic waves in ultraviolet (wavelength 10 -400 nm) frequency spectrum ω _UV with an intensity (energy) not exceeding 1 MeV.

At the same time, depending on the type of pathogens being killed, using a series-electrically connected generator (55) of signals of the visible light frequency spectrum, a multi-channel power amplifier (56) of the visible light frequency spectrum and several according to the number of channels in (56) that are identical to each other friend of electromagnetic emitters (57) of the visible light spectrum of frequencies of a multi-channel channel (50) of a three-channel path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection of a semi-finished product (1 ¹ ), they form, amplify and radiation according to the program, combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the second control unit (61) based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the second channel switch (62) of the three-channel path (48) electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, electromagnetic waves in visible light (length waves 400-750 nm) of the frequency spectrum of ω _vie with an intensity (energy) not exceeding 1 MeV.

At the same time, depending on the type of pathogens being killed, using an infrared frequency spectrum signal generator (58), a multi-channel power amplifier (59) of the infrared frequency spectrum, and several, according to the number of channels in (59), which are identical to each other, are electromagnetically connected emitters (60) of the infrared spectrum multichannel frequency channel (51) three-way path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection semifinished (1 ^1), forming is performed, gain and radiation about the program, combining the radiation and pause modes embedded in the second control unit (61) based on a personal computer, and also thanks to the second channel switch (62) of the three-channel path (48) of electromagnetic disinfection of the semi-finished product, electromagnetic waves in infrared (wavelength 740 nm ... 1-2 mm) of the frequency spectrum ω _ik with an intensity (energy) not exceeding 1 MeV.

Due to the acoustic effect, as well as due to the simultaneous and periodic effects, combining the radiation and pause modes at different frequencies (wavelengths), at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, the effect on the semi-finished product located in OKTSK (6) electromagnetic waves: ultraviolet radiation, visible light radiation and infrared radiation - depending on the type of microorganisms being destroyed, they are completely destroyed with less - at least 20-30%, intensity (in addition not exceeding 1 MeV), h m is usually used for disinfection of products.

Subsequently, sorting is carried out according to the quality of the completely dried and completely disinfected semi-finished product (1 ³ ) and the commodity design of the finished product.

Distinctive features of the proposed method:

1. Drying of the semi-finished product in natural conditions is carried out under a canopy, excluding the ingress of rain, including in crosswinds, as well as direct sunlight.

2. Grids with a semi-finished product are installed at an angle that excludes the rolling of the semi-finished product and provides free movement of moisture along the fibers under the action of gravity.

3. The semi-finished product on the nets is laid vertically (head up or head down), which also provides free movement of moisture along the fibers under the action of gravity.

4. Additionally, a preliminary convection-thermal drying chamber is used, in which the speed of movement of the drying agent is not less than 20-30% higher than in the main drying chamber.

5. Additionally, in the drying process of the semi-finished product in the preliminary convective-thermal drying chamber, a part of the drying agent removed from the main convective-thermal drying chamber is used as the drying agent.

6. Additionally carry out periodic - combining the modes of radiation and pause, at different - at least two frequencies, at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each pallet, the impact on the semi-finished product, which is in natural and artificial conditions, by acoustic waves in the range frequencies from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 1 m from the emitter at least 100 W / m ² .

7. Additionally, in the main and preliminary convective-thermal drying chambers, periodic is carried out - by combining radiation and pause modes, at different frequencies, at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, the effect on the semi-finished product, which is in artificial conditions, by electromagnetic waves: ultraviolet radiation visible light radiation and infrared radiation, depending on the type of microorganisms being destroyed, with a lesser intensity - at least 20-30%, than is usually used for disinfection of products, but not exceeding 1 MeV.

8. Additionally, when drying in natural and artificial conditions, during periods of pause of the main (drying) acoustic radiation, periodic — by combining the radiation and pause modes — effect acoustic pests on harmful insects and rodents in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter of at least 100 W / m ² .

The presence of distinctive features from the prototype features allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

An analysis of the known technical solutions in order to detect the indicated distinctive features in them showed the following.

Signs 2, 6, 7 are new and their use for drying and disinfecting products is unknown.

Signs 4, 5, 8 are known, but their use for drying and disinfecting products is not known.

Signs 1, 3 are known for drying (seafood, etc.).

Thus, the presence of new significant features, together with the well-known ones, ensures that the proposed solution has a new property that does not coincide with the properties of the known technical solutions: qualitatively - evenly (in volume), gently (without the formation of internal and external temperature and humidity gradients) etc., to carry out the drying of the semi-finished product, significantly - several (not less than two) times, reducing the duration of the technological process of drying the semi-finished product, significantly - by an order of magnitude and Moreover, to reduce the energy consumption for drying of the unit mass (volume) of the semi-finished product, while maintaining the semi-finished product from insects and rodents during the drying process, as well as the possibility of effective disinfection of the semi-finished product with simultaneous exposure to the acoustic field and electromagnetic field less than several (not less than two times) the intensity (energy) of electromagnetic radiation, while maintaining the quality of the semi-finished product, ensuring medical safety for staff and consumers tel, as well as environmental safety for OPS in a relatively simple way with minimal financial and time costs. Wherein:

1. High-quality (uniform in volume, etc.) drying of the product is ensured by the fact that:

- drying is carried out sequentially at three stages: partial - in vivo, preliminary - in PCTSC and the main - in OKTSC;

- the main drying is carried out in OKTSK with almost completely dried product;

- using acoustic waves, they carry out relaxation (relaxation) of tissues (muscle, subcutaneous, etc.) and stimulating (massage) effect on the product - thereby achieve the maximum natural movement of free moisture along its fibers, as well as the effective release of bound moisture in the product;

- free moisture under the influence of acoustic waves is uniformly displaced to the surface of the product starting from the center (the thickest part of the semi-finished fish) to the periphery (the thinnest part), etc.

2. A significant reduction in the duration of the technological process of drying the product is provided due to the fact that:

- drying is carried out sequentially at three stages: partial - in vivo, preliminary - in PCTSC and the main - in OKTSC;

- the main drying is carried out in OKTSK with almost completely dried product;

- grids with a semi-finished product in case of natural - under a canopy and artificial - are set at an angle in PKTSK and OKTSK, which increases (due to gravity) the speed of movement of free moisture;

- laying the semi-finished product on the nets is carried out taking into account its fibrous structure and type (for example, the head of the fish down), which increases the speed of movement of moisture;

- in the direction of movement of free moisture in the semi-finished product, they act with acoustic waves, which further increases the speed of movement of free moisture;

- over the entire area of the semi-finished product, acoustic waves act on it, which, thanks to relaxing and massaging actions, facilitates the release of bound moisture and the release of all moisture to the surface of the semi-finished product over its entire area;

- the intensity of air movement during natural and artificial drying using acoustic waves is selected taking into account the speed of movement of free moisture and the exit to the surface of the semi-finished product of all moisture (for example, the most intense air movement is provided with a quick exit of moisture, and vice versa), etc .;

3. A significant (an order of magnitude or more) reduction in energy consumption for drying a unit mass (volume) of the product is achieved due to the fact that:

- drying is carried out sequentially at three stages: partial - in vivo, preliminary - in PCTSC and the main - in OKTSC;

- the main (energy-intensive) drying is carried out in OKTSK for a short time already with almost completely dried product;

- the drying agent used in the OCTSC is not thrown out, but sent, mixed with the main drying agent, to the PCTS;

- use acoustic equipment with low power consumption, etc.

4. The preservation of the semi-finished product from insects and rodents during the drying process is achieved due to the fact that:

- during periods of pause of the main radiation, periodic — by combining the radiation and pause modes — effect on harmful insects and rodents with acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W at a distance of 1 m from the emitter / m ² ;

- the impact on harmful insects and rodents is carried out both when drying in natural conditions (under a canopy), and when drying in artificial conditions (in PKTSK and OKTSKS), etc.

5. Effective disinfection of the product during the drying process is achieved due to the fact that:

- carry out periodic - combining radiation and pause modes - at different at least two frequencies, at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, - effect on a semi-finished product, which is in natural and artificial conditions, by acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter not less than 100 W / m ² ;

- in PCTSK and OKTSK they carry out periodic - combining the radiation and pause modes at different frequencies, at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid - exposure to a semi-finished product that is under artificial conditions, electromagnetic waves depending on the type of microorganisms being destroyed, with less - as at least 20-30%, in intensity than is usually used for disinfecting products;

- the combined action of the acoustic field allows the use of an electromagnetic field of lower intensity, etc.

6. Preservation of product quality is achieved due to the fact that:

- use multi-stage drying of the semi-finished product;

- partial drying is carried out in vivo - under a canopy;

- during the drying process, the semi-finished product is stacked vertically down;

- use acoustic waves in the drying process for relaxation of the semi-finished product and a more uniform exit of moisture from it;

- acoustic waves repel insects and rodents;

- acoustic and electromagnetic waves disinfect the semi-finished product, etc.

7. Ensuring medical safety for staff and consumers is achieved due to the fact that:

- the combined action of the acoustic field allows the use of electromagnetic waves of lower intensity;

- radiation of acoustic waves is carried out directionally (on the semi-finished product) and according to the program - combining the modes of radiation and pauses, etc.

8. Ensuring environmental safety for OPS is achieved due to the fact that:

- radiation of acoustic waves is carried out directionally (on the semi-finished product) and according to the program, combining the modes of radiation and pauses;

- the combined action of the acoustic field allows the use of electromagnetic waves of lower intensity, etc.

9. The relative simplicity of the method is achieved due to the fact that:

- use commercially available equipment;

- do not have special requirements for maintenance personnel;

- implementation is carried out automatically - according to the program, etc.

10. The minimum financial and time costs are provided due to the fact that:

- use commercially available equipment;

- equipment consumes a small amount of electricity;

- implementation is carried out according to the program, combining radiation and pause modes, etc.

An example implementation of the method

Industrial tests of the developed method of drying and disinfecting products using waves of different (acoustic, electromagnetic and aerodynamic) physical nature were carried out in 2007 and 2008. - in the Republic of Korea, in 2008 - 2011 - in the Republic of Vietnam. At the same time, seafood was used as a drying object: fish (pink salmon, pollock, flounder, yellow minke, etc.), squid and invertebrates (crabs, etc.), cereals (rice, etc.), fruits (apples, etc.) and etc.

Figure 6-11 presents the test results of the developed method of drying and disinfecting products (for example, fish) using waves of different physical nature.

At the same time: in FIGS. 6 and 7, in the form of curved lines, the processes of combined drying are illustrated - in natural conditions (temperature T = 26-33 ° C, relative humidity W = 75-95%) and artificial conditions (temperature of drying agent 30 -33 ° C, relative humidity: 65-75% in the preliminary drying chamber and 45-55% in the main drying chamber) of the semi-finished product (pink salmon fillet) with a maximum meat thickness of 14 mm when implementing the prototype method (Fig.6) and developed a method (Figure 7), respectively, at the following time intervals: semifinished - 1 ⁰ (t ₀ - start IP ytany): 10:00 05.04.2011, at humidity semifinished product surface (1 ⁰⁾ - 60% moisture at the center (at a depth of 3-4 mm) srednemyasistoy portion (7 mm) - 70.0% and humidity the center (at a depth of 7 mm) of the fattest part - 79.6%; semi-finished product 1 ¹ (t ₁ - end of drying of the semi-finished product (1 ¹ ) in vivo: 16:00 04/05/2011; semi-finished product 1 ² (t ₂ - end of the drying of semi-finished product (1 ² ) in the preliminary drying chamber - temperature of the drying agent 30 -33 ° C, its relative humidity - 65-75%): 20:00 04/05/2011; semi-finished product 1 ³ (t ₃ - end of drying of the semi-finished product (1 ³ ) in the main drying chamber - temperature of the drying agent 30-33 ° C, its relative humidity is 45-55%) - 22:00 04/05/2011

As can be seen from Fig. 7, the drying efficiency (particular indicators: uniformity of drying at each stage, relative humidity at the end of each stage and the total duration of the process) of this semi-finished product in the developed method is significantly higher than that of the prototype method. In particular, when implementing the developed method: the drying of the semi-finished product took place more evenly (the difference in relative humidity in the thickness of the meat and on its surface was 3-6%, while the prototype method had 12-22%); the relative humidity of the semi-finished product at the end of each stage was lower both in the thickness of the meat and on its surface; the total drying time (to a relative humidity of 18-20%) was 12 hours, while the prototype method for the same time (12 hours) had a relative humidity of 25% on the surface of the semi-finished product and 30% in the thickness meat. In addition, the dynamics of the drying process during the implementation of the developed method was significantly different from the dynamics of the drying of the prototype method. For example, at the initial stage, after 2-3 hours (dashed line in Fig. 7), the relative humidity of the surface, middle layer and the most fleshy part of the semi-finished product almost leveled out due to the displacement of free moisture from the center to the periphery, and was within 58-64% . In this case, the relative humidity on the surface (62-64%) was 3-6% higher than the relative humidity of the medium-meat part of the semi-finished product, and its initial relative humidity (63% and 60%, respectively).

On Fig, in the form of graphs, the drying processes of the semi-finished product (fillet of yellow whale) in natural conditions at an ambient temperature of 30-33 ° C and relative humidity of 80-95% during the implementation of the prototype method (dashed line) and the developed method are illustrated (solid line). As can be seen from Fig. 8, after 6 hours, the relative humidity of the semi-finished product during the implementation of the developed method was 35.3%, while the prototype method - 58.3% (loss in this particular indicator of efficiency is 23.0%) .

Figure 9, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes of the semi-finished product (fillet of yellow whale) in artificial conditions at a temperature of a drying agent of 28-30 ° C and a relative humidity of 40-55% during the implementation of the prototype method (dashed line) and developed method (solid line). As can be seen from figure 9, after 3 hours, the relative humidity of the semi-finished product during the implementation of the developed method was 25%, while the prototype method - 56.5% (loss in this particular indicator of efficiency is 31.5%).

Figure 10, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes of semi-finished products - pink salmon: fillet - index "f" and carcasses - index "t" in vivo at an ambient temperature of 30-33 ° C and a relative humidity of 80-95% in the process the implementation of the prototype method (dashed lines indicated by the number 2 with the corresponding index) and the developed method (solid lines indicated by the number 1 with the corresponding index). As can be seen from figure 10, after 7 hours, the relative humidity of the fillet and carcasses of the semi-finished product during the implementation of the developed method was 36.0% and 38.0%, respectively, while the prototype method - 60.2% (loss by this private performance indicator - 24.2%) and 66.5% (loss - 28.5%), respectively.

Figure 11, in the form of graphs, illustrates the drying processes (weight reduction of 10 pcs.) Of the semi-finished product - yellow whale fillet in artificial conditions at an ambient temperature of 30-33 ° C and a relative humidity of 80-95% during the implementation of the prototype method ( dashed line) and the developed method (solid line). As can be seen from Fig. 11, for 14 hours in the drying process of the semi-finished product (fillet, 10 pcs.) At high air humidity, the weight (weight) loss of the developed method was 134.0 g, or 60%, while the method -prototype - 59.5 g, or ~ 27% (loss ~ 74.5 g, or ~ 33%). In this way:

1. High-quality drying was ensured due to the fact that:

- drying was carried out sequentially in three stages;

- the main drying was carried out in OKTSK already with almost completely dried semi-finished product;

- using acoustic waves, relaxation and a stimulating effect on the semi-finished product were carried out;

- free moisture under the influence of acoustic waves was uniformly pushed to the surface starting from the center to the periphery, etc.

2. A significant reduction in the duration of the technological process of drying the product was achieved due to the fact that:

- drying was carried out sequentially in three stages;

- the main drying was carried out in OKTSK already with almost completely dried semi-finished product;

- the mesh with the semi-finished product was installed at an angle;

- laying the semi-finished product on the grid was carried out taking into account its fibrous structure and type;

- in the direction of movement of free moisture in the semi-finished product, acoustic waves were applied;

- the intensity of air movement during drying using acoustic waves was chosen taking into account the speed of movement of free moisture and the exit to the surface of the semi-finished product of all moisture, etc .;

3. A significant reduction in energy consumption for drying a unit mass of the product was provided due to the fact that:

- drying was carried out sequentially in three stages;

- the main (energy-intensive) drying was carried out in OKTSK for a short time and with almost completely dried semi-finished product;

- the drying agent used in the OCTSC was re-sent, mixing with the original, to the PCTSC;

- used equipment with low power consumption, etc.

4. The preservation of the semi-finished product from insects and rodents during the drying process was ensured due to the fact that:

- carried out periodic exposure of harmful insects and rodents with acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² at a distance of 1 m from the emitter;

- exposure to harmful insects and rodents was carried out at all stages of drying, etc.

5. Effective disinfection of the product during the drying process was ensured due to the fact that:

- carried out periodic effects on the semi-finished product, which is in natural and artificial conditions, by acoustic waves;

- carried out periodic effects on the semi-finished product, which is in artificial conditions, by electromagnetic waves, etc.

6. Preservation of product quality was ensured by the fact that:

- used multi-stage drying of the semi-finished product;

- partial drying was carried out in vivo - under a canopy;

- in the process of drying the semi-finished product was stacked vertically down;

- used in the drying process, acoustic waves to relax the semi-finished product and a more uniform exit of moisture from it;

- acoustic waves scared away insects and rodents;

- acoustic and electromagnetic waves disinfected the semi-finished product, etc.

7. Ensuring medical safety for service personnel and consumers was ensured due to the fact that:

- used electromagnetic waves of lower intensity;

- radiation of acoustic waves was carried out directionally, etc.

8. Ensuring environmental safety for OPS was ensured due to the fact that:

- radiation of acoustic waves was carried out directionally and according to the program;

- used electromagnetic waves of lower intensity, etc.

9. The relative simplicity of the method was achieved due to the fact that:

- used commercially available equipment;

- used a typical staff;

- implementation was carried out automatically - according to the program, etc.

10. Minimum financial and time costs were provided due to the fact that:

- used commercially available equipment;

- equipment consumed a small amount of electricity;

- implementation was carried out according to the program, etc.

Used sources

1. S. A. Artyukhova, V. D. Bogdanov, V. M. Datsun and others. - Technology of products from aquatic organisms. / Ed. T.M.Safronova and V.I.Shenderyuk. - M .: Kolos, 2001, 496 p.

2. Safronova T.M. Raw materials of the fishing industry. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1991, 191 p.

3. Reference on coastal fisheries: biology, fishing and primary processing / V.M. Datsun, M.A. Mizyurkin, N.P. Novikov, etc. /. - Vladivostok: Dalrybvtuz, 1999, 262 p.

4. Shalak M.V., Shashkov M.S., Sidorenko R.P. Technology for processing fish products. - Minsk: Design ABM, 1998, 240 p.

Claims (1)

The method of drying and disinfecting products using acoustic and electromagnetic waves, which consists in preparing a semi-finished product, which is used as fish, laying the semi-finished product on a grid, pre-drying it in natural conditions at an air temperature of no higher than 30 ° C, relative humidity of no more than 30% and air velocity of 1-5 m / s, laying nets with pre-dried semi-finished products on racks in the main convective-thermal drying chamber, preparing a drying agent uniform in a cottage for racks with a prefabricated drying agent, uniformly diverting from a racks with a prefabricated product a partially moistened and partly chilled drying agent from the main convective-thermal drying chamber, final drying of the prefabricated product under artificial conditions, unloading of the shelves with a pre-dried semi-finished product, its sorting by quality and the design of the finished product, while drying the semi-finished product in natural conditions is carried out under a canopy that excludes rain, including with lateral re, as well as direct rays of the sun, the mesh with the semi-finished product is set at an angle that excludes, on the one hand, rolling the semi-finished product, and on the other hand, that provides free movement of moisture along the fibers under the influence of gravity, the semi-finished product on the mesh is laid vertically, additionally use preliminary convection - a thermal drying chamber, in which the speed of movement of the drying agent is not less than 20-30% higher than in the main convective-thermal drying chamber, additionally during the drying of the semi-finished product in In the preliminary convective-thermal drying chamber, a part of the drying agent removed from the main convective-thermal drying chamber of the drying agent is used as a drying agent; in addition, during the drying and decontamination of the semi-finished product, radiation is carried out at different - at least two frequencies, at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area each grid, the impact on the semi-finished product, which is in natural and artificial conditions, by acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity at a distance of 1 m from the emitter is not less than 100 W / m ² , additionally, in the main and preliminary convective-thermal drying chambers, radiation is carried out at different frequencies (wavelengths), at an angle from top to bottom over the entire area of each grid, the effect on the semi-finished product, which is in artificial conditions, electromagnetic waves: ultraviolet radiation, visible light radiation and infrared radiation, additionally during drying in natural and artificial conditions, during periods of pause of the main: drying and disinfecting acoustic radiation effect on harmful insects and rodents by acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² at a distance of 1 m from the emitter.

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