RU2464511C2 - Device to execute chemical and/or physical reactions between solid substance and gas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises at least three stages arranged one above the other. Each stage comprises a pipeline for suspension of gas and cement raw materials designed to supply suspension of gas and cement raw materials, facilities to separate the supplied cement raw materials from the supplied gas, a pipeline for cement raw materials designed to divert the separated cement raw materials, and also a pipeline for gas designed to divert the separated gas. The pipeline for gas in one stage changes into the pipeline for suspension of gas and cement raw materials of the following higher stage, and the pipeline for cement raw materials in one stage ends in the pipeline for suspension of gas and cement raw materials of the following lower stage. Three stages are arranged as capable of mutual interweaving. The inlet of the pipeline for cement raw materials into the pipeline for suspension of gas and cement raw materials of the third or higher stage is provided below the highest point of the pipeline for suspension of gas and cement raw materials arranged two stages lower.

EFFECT: compactness of a device due to reduction of its height.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for carrying out chemical and / or physical reactions between a solid substance and a gas, in particular for heating, cooling and / or calcining fine-grained materials, with several steps located one above the other.

From practice, systems for heating, cooling and / or calcining fine-grained materials consisting of direct-flow heat exchangers and cyclone separators are known. Typically, such devices consist of several stages located one above the other, with the gas flow passing from bottom to top through all stages, while the solid substance is fed to the individual stages in the opposite direction.

Such systems have the disadvantage that they require a huge structural height, and the degree of separation in the cyclone separator is not always satisfactory. Therefore, in cyclones, it often comes to uncontrolled flows, caused, for example, at the inlet of the cyclone by imposing a vortex stream formed on the inlet gas stream or by inverting the direction of the gas stream in the cycle cone. In addition, particles can again re-enter the gas stream of the cyclone, already separated at the edge of the cyclone.

Another problem is that, with different sizes of structural forms, centrifugal forces at the same inlet velocities change and, as a result, other separation conditions are created.

Therefore, in US Pat. No. 4,318,697, a multi-stage heater for cement raw materials was proposed, the individual stages of which consist, respectively, of an injection pipeline and an adjacent spiral and / or spiral-shaped pipeline. A spiral and / or spiral pipe has a rectangular cross section and is connected to one side of a quadrangular funnel in which the solid and gas are finally separated by centrifugal and inertial forces.

The basis of the invention is the task of reducing the structural height of the device for the implementation of chemical and / or physical reactions between a solid substance and a gas.

This problem is solved using the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the claims.

A device for carrying out chemical and / or physical reactions between a solid and a gas according to the invention, in particular for heating, cooling and / or calcining fine-grained materials, contains at least three steps located one above the other, each step containing the following structural elements:

a) a pipeline for a suspension of gas and solid, designed to supply a suspension of gas and solid,

b) means for separating the supplied solid from the supplied gas,

c) a pipeline for solids designed to discharge the separated solids, and

d) a gas pipeline designed to discharge the gas to be separated,

moreover, the gas pipeline of one stage passes into the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid matter of the next higher stage, and the pipeline for the solid matter of one stage ends in the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid substance of the next lower stage.

In addition, the place of entry of the pipeline for solid substances into the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid substances of the third or higher stage is provided below the highest point of the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid substances, located two steps below.

Thanks to this design, a clear reduction in the structural height of the device is achieved.

Other embodiments of the invention are subject to dependent claims.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid contains upward and downward sections of the pipeline, which can be formed by the discharge pipe and the downward screw and / or spiral pipe. In addition, an angle head may be provided connecting the pressure pipe to a screw and / or spiral pipe. Due to the ascending and descending sections of the pipeline, on the one hand, sufficient time is provided for the solid to contact the gas, and on the other, the structural height can be further reduced.

Under the screw and / or spiral pipeline in the sense of the invention refers to a pipeline, at least in some places made helical and / or spiral. The rotation of the screw and / or spiral pipe, in particular, can also be carried out only at an angular range, for example, less than 90 °.

In another embodiment, helical and / or spiral pipelines of successive stages are alternately left-handed and right-handed. Thanks to the changing direction of rotation, an extremely compact design of the device is obtained, which provides a further reduction in the structural height. So, for example, compared with a conventional five-stage cyclone heat exchanger, a reduction in structural height of up to 25% is achieved.

In addition, it may be provided that the solid conduit and the gas conduit are connected to the end of the screw and / or spiral conduit, such that, for example, a sedimentation chamber is provided at the end of the screw and / or spiral conduit to which the conduit would be connected for the removal of solids and a pipeline for the removal of a gas stream.

Other advantages and forms of carrying out the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the description and drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts a side view of the steps of the device,

figure 2 is a side view of figure 1, rotated 90 °,

figure 3 is a top view of the steps in figure 1,

4 is a side view of the device with three steps located one above the other,

5 is a top view of the device in figure 4.

Figure 1-3 first shows in more detail the stage of the device for carrying out chemical and / or physical reactions between a solid and a gas, in particular for heating, cooling and / or calcining fine-grained materials.

It essentially consists of a pipeline for a suspension of gas with a solid substance, means for separating the supplied solid from the supplied gas, formed in the shown example, the sediment chamber 2, the pipe 3 for the removal of the separated solid, and also from the pipe 4 for the removal of the separated gas.

To carry out chemical and / or physical reactions between solid 5 and gas 6, a suspension of gas with solid is fed into the sedimentation chamber 2 through a pipe 1 for gas and solid.

The pipeline 1 for gas and solid substance contains an upward section made in the form of a pressure pipe 1a and a downward section made in the form of a screw and / or spiral pipe 1b. In addition, a return head 1c is provided connecting the pressure pipe 1a to a screw and / or spiral pipe 1b. When viewed in the vertical direction, at least the beginning of the screw and / or spiral pipe 1b is located above its end at the entrance to the sedimentation chamber 2. In the screw and / or spiral pipe 1b, due to centrifugal forces, the suspension of gas and solid is separated into a stream of solid substance and gas stream.

In the framework of the invention, it is possible that the radius and / or stroke and / or cross-sectional profile and / or the cross-sectional size of the screw and / or spiral conduit 1b change in the direction of flow of the gas and solid suspension. Thus, on the one hand, the preliminary separation of the suspension in the section of the screw and / or spiral pipe can be influenced, and on the other, the screw and / or spiral pipe 1 can be adapted to external conditions. This is especially beneficial when several steps are staggered with overlapping and one above the other.

In this case, the radius, stroke, cross-sectional profile and / or cross-sectional size can change in the direction of flow in a stepwise manner and / or in at least one section also continuously. For example, a decrease in radius causes an increase in centrifugal force, while an increase in radius corresponds to a decrease in centrifugal force. By changing the profile and size of the cross section, flow rate can be affected.

In the example shown, a helical and / or spiral conduit 1b enters the sedimentation chamber 2 tangentially at an angle α to the horizontal of at least 30 °. In the adjoining section, the sedimentation chamber 2 has a cylindrical part 2a, to which a funnel-like narrowing part 2b is connected from below.

The solid pipe 3 is connected to the funnel-like tapering part 2b of the sedimentation chamber, while the cylindrical part 2a is transferred to the gas pipe 4.

In the illustrated embodiment, the gas pipe 4 and the cylindrical portion 2a of the sedimentation chamber have the same diameter. Therefore, we can say that the sedimentary chamber is formed by the lower part of the pipeline 4 for gas.

In the framework of the invention, it would also be possible for the gas pipe 4 to extend into the sedimentation chamber 2 like a plunger or to be made with a larger radius than the sedimentation chamber. Through a screw and / or spiral pipe 1b directed downward at an angle and connected tangentially to the sedimentation chamber, the solid substance is supplied through an arc to the funnel-like narrowing part 2b of the sedimentation chamber 2, and then enters the pipeline 3 (see Figs. 1 and 3) .

Gas 6 along the inner wall of the cylindrical part of the sedimentation chamber 2 is swirled up into the gas pipe 4 (see figure 1). The flow directed downward at an angle in the sediment chamber 2 also prevents the vortex flow generated in the sediment chamber from superimposing on the inlet portion of the screw and / or spiral conduit 1b.

However, means for separating the supplied solid from the supplied gas can also be fully or partially performed in the pipe 1 for the suspension of gas and solid.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, a screw and / or spiral conduit 1b can only extend to an angular range of about 180 °. However, in the framework of the invention, the angular range can be selected significantly larger or smaller. In addition, it is possible that the radius and / or stroke and / or cross-sectional profile and / or the cross-sectional size of the screw and / or spiral conduit 1b change in the direction of flow of the gas and solid suspension.

The device according to the invention for carrying out chemical and / or physical reactions between a solid and a gas, in particular for heating, cooling and / or calcining fine-grained materials, contains several steps located one above the other, as shown above in Figs. 1-3. In this case, the pipeline for the gas of one stage passes into the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid matter of the next higher stage, and the pipeline for the solid substance ends in the pipeline for the suspension of gas and solid substance of the next lower stage.

Figures 4 and 5 below describe a device with three stages I, II, III, which refers, for example, to a three-stage heater for cement raw materials.

In such a multi-stage device, the solids to be processed are supplied to the uppermost stage III through a 3 ″ ″ pipeline and discharged as processed solids 5, for example, heated solids, from the lowest stage 1. Thus, while the solid is passed from top to bottom through three steps, gas flows through the device in the opposite direction. In the case of gas 6 supplied to the lowest stage, it is, for example, hot exhaust gas from a furnace or calciner. The 6 ″ gas discharged in the third stage through the 4 ″ gas pipeline is supplied, for example, for dust removal, to a filter or to a highly efficient separator connected in series. The treated solid 5 enters for further processing, for example, in a calciner or in an oven.

Thanks to the execution of the pipeline 1 for the suspension of gas and solid with a pressure pipe 1a and with a downward screw and / or spiral pipe 1b, three stages can be installed very compactly and with mutual interweaving. In addition, it is provided that the helical and / or spiral pipelines 1b, 1'b, 1''b of at least two successive steps are alternately left and right-handed (see FIG. 5). In a plan view, the pipelines for a suspension of gas and a solid, in particular screw and / or spiral pipelines of two stages, sequentially installed in the direction of the gas flow, have a tortuous shape (see figure 5).

A particularly low structural form is achieved due to the fact that in the case of at least three steps located one above the other, the place of entry of the pipeline for solid substance into the pipeline for suspension of gas and solid substances of the third or higher stage is provided below the highest point of the pipeline for gas suspension and a solid located two steps below. In the illustrated embodiment, it is clearly seen that the solid pipe 3 ″ ″ connected to the pressure pipe 1 ″ a of the third stage III is provided below the highest point of the gas and solid suspension of the lowest stage 1.

In addition, within the framework of the invention, it is possible that at least two parallel branches are each provided with at least three steps.

Claims (9)

1. A device for heating, cooling and / or calcining fine-grained cement raw materials containing at least three stages (I, II, III) located one above the other, each stage containing the following structural elements: a pipeline (1) for gas suspension and cement raw material (5), which is designed to direct a suspension of gas and cement raw material (5) and which is at least partially made in the form of a screw and / or spiral pipe (1b), means for separating the supplied cement raw material (5) from the supplied aza (6), a pipeline (3) for cement raw materials (5), intended for the discharge of the separated cement raw materials, and also a pipeline (4) for gas, intended for the removal of the separated gas, and the pipeline for gas of one stage passes into the pipeline for gas suspension and cement raw materials (5) of the next higher stage, and the pipeline for cement raw materials (5) of one stage ends in the pipeline for the suspension of gas and cement raw materials (5) of the next lower stage, characterized in that there are three stages (I, II, III ) are located in such a way then they are mutually intertwined, while the entry point of the pipeline (3 ″) for cement raw materials (5) into the pipeline (1 ″) for the suspension of gas and cement raw materials (5) of the third or higher stage (I, II, III) provided below the highest point of the pipeline (1) for a suspension of gas and cement raw materials (5), located two steps below. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline (1) for a suspension of gas and cement raw materials (5) contains upward and downward sections of the pipeline. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the helical and / or spiral pipelines (1b, 1′b, 1′′b) of successively arranged steps (I, II, III) are alternately left- and right-handed. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for separating the supplied cement raw material (5) from the supplied gas (6) are at least partially made in the pipeline (1) for the suspension of gas and cement raw material (5). 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for separating the supplied cement raw material (5) are at least partially formed due to the sedimentation chamber (2) adjacent to the pipeline (1) for the suspension of gas and cement raw material (5), to which is connected to the pipeline (3) for the removal of the separated cement raw materials (5) and the gas pipeline (4) for the removal of the separated gas (6). 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the sedimentary chamber (2) is formed by the lower part of the gas pipeline (4). 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the pipeline (1) for the suspension of gas and cement raw materials (5) is connected to the sedimentation chamber (2) at an angle to the horizontal, preferably 30-70 °. 8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the pipeline (1) for the suspension of gas and cement raw materials (5) is connected tangentially to the sedimentation chamber (2). 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two parallel branches are each provided with at least three steps (I, II, III).

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