RU2464431C2 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: engine includes housing with cylindrical cavities made in it, two rotors arranged in them and rotating on straight shaft, movable plates of damper partition, which are arranged in housing slot with possibility of constant contact to surfaces of rotors due to springs, two combustion chambers with fuel injectors and ignition plugs, inlet and outlet holes made on both sides of plates, which serve together with rotors and housing for formation of expansion chambers and compression chambers of working medium. Shaft axis is located on central part of the housing. Two movable plates are arranged in radial slots and their movement is performed by means of spring together with piston cylinder due to pressure when burning fuel mixture is supplied from combustion chambers. Rotors are made in the form of cylinders eccentrically fixed on shaft with rotation of their external surfaces due to bearings relative to base forming cylinders of rotors so that serial processes of suction, compression, combustion and exhaust can be provided with each rotor in turn with supply of compressed air from one rotor to the other and with one operating cycle per each shaft rotation.

EFFECT: simpler design, longer service life and higher economy.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to rotary internal combustion engines.

The prior art construction of an internal combustion engine (US 2015307 A) with one rotor with combustion chambers, spark plugs, nozzles for fuel injection and valves for the intake and exhaust of air mixture or fuel combustion products located on the combustion chambers and rotor device body, springs together with piston cylinders for moving gate devices.

In a single-rotor engine without an additional external compressor, the duty cycle is carried out for four turns of the shaft. The combustion of fuel to drive the motor shaft is carried out only during two successive rotor revolutions, the cycles of suction, air compression and exhaust of burned fuel occur during all four revolutions. Energy is allocated to produce the rotation of the motor shaft of a single-rotor device only during two consecutive rotor revolutions, at the next two revolutions, the processes of suction and compression of air, exhaust of burnt fuel, and overcoming friction of rotating parts occur only due to the inertia of the rotor, which generally reduces total engine power.

Known rotary internal combustion engine based on two elliptical rotors mounted on one shaft, with combustion chambers made in the form of a recess in the housing (DE 2640276 A1, 03/09/1978, F02B 53/02). In the present internal combustion engine, one rotor of an elliptical shape, due to two symmetrical halves of its casing in contact with the cylindrical casing of the device, constantly works only to suck in air and compress it to supply it to the combustion chambers, the second elliptical rotor is similarly due to two halves of its housing, only the rotation of the engine shaft due to pressure on it from the supply of fuel burning in the combustion chambers with the simultaneous exhaust of combustion products. The processes of suction, injection into the combustion chamber and exhaust occur due to two systems of gates, channels and valves with each rotor. A 2-fold increase in the number of these parts in comparison with rotary devices with a single gate leads to a decrease in reliability due to an increase in friction, a complication of the design and a decrease in efficiency for this reason. It is impossible to roll the elliptical outer surface of the rotor on its base generatrix along the cylindrical inner surface of the cylinder of the engine housing using a bearing. The disadvantage of this invention is also the impossibility of using, in order to increase the sealing of the volumes of the working cavities separated by the gate, of the cylindrical rotating seal with the radius of the contact surface between the gate and the rotor (invention US 2015307A) due to the constantly changing contact angle at the point of contact with the surface of the elliptical rotor.

The objective of the present invention is to simplify the design, increase durability, increase efficiency.

The task is achieved in a rotary internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with cylindrical cavities made therein, two rotors placed in them and rotating on a direct shaft, movable slide gate plates placed in the housing groove with the possibility of constant contact with the surface of the rotors due to springs, two combustion chambers with nozzles for fuel injection and spark plugs, inlet and outlet openings on both sides of the plates of the slide gate, which serves together with the rotors and the housing in the formation of the chamber p expansion and compression chambers of the working fluid, according to the invention, the axis of the shaft is located on the Central part of the housing, two movable plates of the slide walls are placed in radial grooves and their movement is carried out by means of a spring together with a piston cylinder against pressure when a combustible fuel mixture is supplied from the combustion chambers, while the rotors are made in the form of cylinders eccentrically mounted on the shaft with the rotation of their outer surfaces due to bearings relative to the base forming cylinders of the rotors with the possibility To ensure sequential processes of absorption, compression of combustion and exhaust by each rotor alternately with the transfer of compressed air from one rotor to another and with one operation cycle for each revolution of the shaft rotation.

The advantage of the proposed design, in contrast to the ones presented above, is the implementation of the fuel combustion process for each rotation of the shaft, as well as a twofold reduction in the number of gates with corresponding seals and systems for pressing them against the rotor, which leads to increased reliability of the device, reduced friction of structural parts, increased engine life and increased its efficiency, the possibility of using a compression roll sharpened along the radius of the contact surface of the compression roller, installing counterweight flywheels in order to balance centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the eccentric rotors on opposite sides of the shaft, as well as simplifying manufacturing and operation of said device with rotary vane wall due to its two identical structures rotary parts.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a rotary internal combustion engine of two plates and two rotors on the same shaft with gas distribution systems through the valves during the first revolution of the shaft.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a rotary internal combustion engine with a slide gate of two plates and two rotors on one shaft during the second rotation of the shaft with the same numbering of parts as in figure 1.

The circuit of the rotary internal combustion engine consists on the first rotor of the expansion chamber 2, into which intake air or fuel burned in the combustion chamber, which is compressed when the intake air is exhausted through the opening 5, is supplied, or combustion products are displaced, the cylindrical body of the rotor device 3, the movable plate of the gate 4 with the spring for its tight contact with the outer surface of the rotor, shaft 7, the axis of which is located on the Central part of pus, eccentric sleeve of rotor 8, bearing 9, outer cylinder of rotor 10, combustion chamber 12 with an injector for fuel injection and with electric light, valves 14, 15, 16, 19, cam of the timing mechanism of the first rotor 26.

The circuit on the second rotor consists of a compression chamber 22, from which compressed air or combustion products are forced out through aperture 24, an expansion chamber 23, into which intake air or combustible fuel enters, depending on the cycle of operation, through aperture 25, a combustion chamber 18 with a fuel supply nozzle and electric candles, valves 13, 17, 20, 21, cam of the gas distribution mechanism of the second rotor 27.

The engine operates as follows.

During the first revolution of the shaft, figure 1.

With the first rotor in the combustion chamber 12, fuel is burned and the burned fuel is supplied to the expansion chamber 2 through the valve 19 and the inlet 6. At the same time, air is supplied and compressed from the compression chamber 1 to the combustion chamber of the second rotor device 18 through the exhaust hole 5 and valve 14. Valves 15, 16 are closed.

The cam timing mechanism of the first rotor 26 opens and closes the valves of the first rotor by turning around its own axis by an angle from 0 to 180 degrees (half its revolution) compared with the first rotation of the shaft 7 by 360 degrees.

At the second rotor, air is sucked into the expansion chamber 23 through the inlet 25 and the valve 21. At the same time, the burnt fuel is ejected from the compression chamber 22 through the outlet 24 and the valve 20. The valves 13, 17 are closed.

The cam valve of the second rotor 27 opens and closes the valves of the second rotor by rotating around its own axis by an angle of 180 to 360 degrees compared with the first rotation of the shaft 7 by 360 degrees.

During the second rotation of the shaft, figure 2.

When the first rotor is from the compression chamber 1 through the outlet 5 and the valve 15, the exhaust of the burned fuel occurs. At the same time, the air mixture is sucked into the expansion chamber 2 through the inlet 6 and the valve 16. Valves 14, 19 are closed.

The cam timing mechanism of the first rotor rotates through an angle of 180 to 360 degrees compared with the second rotation of the shaft 7 by 720 degrees from the start of rotation.

When the second rotor is compressed air from the compression chamber 22 through the outlet 24, the valve 13 enters the combustion chamber 12 of the first rotor device. In the combustion chamber 18, combustion and supply of burned fuel through the valve 17 for expansion into the expansion chamber 23. occurs. The valves 20, 21 are closed.

The cam of the distribution mechanism of the second rotor rotates through an angle from 0 (from 360 previously) to 180 degrees compared with the second rotation of the shaft 7 by 720 degrees from the start of rotation.

During the third and fourth revolutions of the shaft, the cycle modes of the rotor device with a slide gate of two plates and two rotors are repeated, respectively, during the first and second revolutions.

Thus, the proposed rotary device with a slide gate of two plates and two rotors on the same shaft as an internal combustion engine carries out the process of energy release for rotation of the engine shaft at each revolution, which is not possible in a single-rotor engine producing this process at two out of four revolutions shaft and has high efficiency due to a twofold reduction in the number of gates, blowers and valves present in two-rotor engines with symmetrical elliptical rotors.

The proposed design provides, ceteris paribus, for one rotation of the shaft, the value of the specific theoretical work of the cycle is greater for the presented rotary engine than for the piston. The efficiency of rotary engines is 0.85-0.9, piston 0.7-0.85. With the same degree of pressure increase, the value of the specific theoretical work of rotary engines is greater than that of piston engines, according to calculations 1.16-1.18 times (Orlin A.S. et al. Theory of working processes of piston and combined engines. Mechanical Engineering, 1971 ., chap. VI, p. 172, ch. XI, p. 366.

Claims (1)

A rotary internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with cylindrical cavities made therein, two rotors placed therein and rotating on a straight shaft, movable slide gate plates placed in the housing groove with the possibility of constant contact with rotor surfaces due to springs, two combustion chambers with nozzles for fuel injection and spark plugs, inlet and outlet openings on both sides of the slide gate plates, which serve together with the rotors and the housing in the formation of expansion chambers and chambers compression of the working fluid, characterized in that the axis of the shaft is located on the central part of the housing, two movable plates of the slide gate are placed in radial grooves and their movement is carried out by means of a spring together with the piston cylinder against pressure when the combustible fuel mixture is supplied from the combustion chambers, while the rotors are made in the form of cylinders eccentrically mounted on the shaft with the rotation of their external surfaces due to bearings relative to the base forming cylinders of the rotors with the possibility of providing last successive processes of absorption, compression, combustion and exhaust each rotor alternately to the implementation of a compressed air transfer from one rotor to the next and from one cycle of operation per revolution of shaft rotation.

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