RU2489582C2 - Rotary piston ice - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: rotary piston ICE comprises housing, rotor, shaft, air-fuel mix preparation system, ignition system and exhaust gas withdrawal system. Rotor is arranged inside said housing and coupled by compression rings therewith. One rotor is rigidly fitted at the shaft. Rotor is shaped to torus with surface skewed over elliptical line parallel with the shaft. Compression rings are fitted in round-section points most remote from torus axis. Housing represents split hollow torus, its part being screwed together by threaded elements made at torus outer side. Spring-loaded choke compression-coupled with housing and rotor is arranged between intake and discharge ports. Choke end rests on rotor. Two radial spring-loaded and cam-adjustable chokes resting on rotor and compression-coupled with housing and rotor are arranged at opposite side of the housing. Said chokes are made up of two conformable plates moving radially relative to each other.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, reduced vibration.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building and can be used in transport and energy.

It is a well-known internal combustion engine in which, in the cylinder, which, depending on the phase of operation, is a suction, compression, expansion, or exhaust chamber, the working mixture is compressed by a movable piston, ignited by a spark, and under the influence of expansion of the combustion products of the working mixture, the piston moves, transmitting force through the connecting rod to crankshaft rotation. On this principle, most internal combustion engines have been created. The engine provides reliable articulation of the friction surfaces of the cylinder and piston using compression rings. However, a common drawback for them is the presence of an intermediate crank mechanism (connecting rod, crankshaft) that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational movement of the shaft, which requires additional costs for metal and increases the volume occupied by the engine.

Known rotary engine Sultanova A.Z., which consists of a cylindrical body, suction and discharge nozzles, a cylindrical eccentric rotor, shutter, shaft and sickle-shaped working chamber (G. Inventor and rationalizer, No. 12/98, p.14, patent No. 2016246 RU). In the engine, one side of the eccentric rotor is in contact through the compression seal with the inner cylindrical surface of the housing, and the other with the end part of the spring-loaded damper. In the engine, the working fluid enters the inlet pipe, enters the space between the damper and the eccentric rotor and, expanding, rotates the rotor. At this time, on the other side of the damper between the rotor and the damper there is a spent working fluid, which is displaced into the outlet pipe. There is no connecting rod and crankshaft in this engine, the geometry of the housing is very simple (cylindrical inner surface), however, there is a problem of articulation of the rubbing surfaces of the housing and rotor.

A known internal combustion engine (application RU No. 2001110545), in which two or more rotors of working chambers and two or more rotors of compressor chambers are located on the shaft, each of which is made in the form of a cylinder with an eccentric arrangement on the shaft (for example, according to patent No. 2016246 RU). The rotors of the working chambers, as well as the compressor chambers, are shifted on the shaft relative to each other by an angle multiple of 360 divided by the number of the same name rotors, and each rotor is placed inside the housing. Inlet and outlet openings are regulated by valves of the gas distribution mechanism. The inlet ports of the compressor chambers are connected to the carburetor, and the outlet ports to the combustion chambers to which the ignition system is connected. The inlet openings of the working chambers are connected to the combustion chambers, and the outlet openings to the exhaust system.

To increase the reliability of the joint of the rubbing surfaces of the housing and the piston, the rotor-piston is made in the form of a torus with an edge chamfered along an eccentric circumference, having a cylindrical surface, rigidly fixed to the disk, which is rigidly fixed to the shaft. The housing is made in the form of a detachable torus connected by threaded elements on the outer side of the torus, with the compression joint of the rotor torus with the halves of the torus due to compression rings installed in the part of the rotor torus farthest from the central axis of the housing that are joined to the inner surface of the torus of the housing. Between the inlet and outlet openings of each chamber, there are radially spring-loaded shutters, which are supported by the end face on the rotor. The dampers are placed in a housing with a compression joint with it.

The Wankel rotary piston engine is known (I. Pyatov, RPD inside and out, J. Engine, No. 5-6 (11-12) September-December 2000, http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/11&12/ page14.html), adopted for the prototype, in which the trihedral rotor mounted on the shaft is rigidly connected to the gear wheel, which engages with the fixed gear - stator. A gear rotor rolls around a gear. Each of the vertices of the trihedral rotor moves along the epitrochoidal surface of the cylinder and cuts off the variable volumes of the chambers in the cylinder. This design allows for a 4-stroke cycle without the use of a special gas distribution mechanism. The sealing of the chambers is ensured by radial and end sealing plates pressed against the cylinder by centrifugal forces, gas pressure, and belt springs. The absence of a gas distribution mechanism makes the engine much easier than a four-stroke piston engine (saving about a thousand parts), and the lack of coupling (crankcase, crankshaft and connecting rods) between individual working chambers provides compactness and high power density. For one revolution of the rotor, three complete duty cycles are performed, which is equivalent to the operation of a six-cylinder piston engine. In the working chamber, which is also a compression chamber having a complex geometric shape, the working mixture is compressed, it is ignited with a spark, and under the influence of the expansion of the combustion products of the working mixture the triangular rotor rotates. In such an engine, there is no connecting rod and crankshaft, however, the center of mass of the rotor of the engine rotates around an axis, which creates vibration. There is also the problem of articulation of the friction surfaces of the working chamber and the rotor at high temperature. In addition, the manufacture of a housing with complex geometry of the inner surface requires high precision machining, which significantly increases the cost of the engine.

The technical task of the invention is to ensure reliable articulation of the rotor and the housing, to simplify the design of the working surfaces of the engine, to reduce the specific volume of metal of the engine per unit of power, to ensure dynamic balancing of the rotor.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that one rotor is located on the shaft, which is made in the form of a torus with a surface parallel to the shaft, beveled along an elliptical trajectory. The rotor is placed inside a toroidal casing, which is made in the form of a detachable hollow torus connected by threaded elements on the outer side of the torus, providing compression articulation of the elliptical rotor torus with halves of the torus of the housing due to compression rings installed in the rotor part of the rotor that is farthest from the central axis of the torus of the housing . Between the inlet and outlet holes there is a radially spring-loaded shutter, which is supported by the end face on the rotor. The damper is placed in a housing with a compression joint with it and with a rotor. On the diametrically opposite side of the housing are located radially two spring-loaded and adjustable cam mechanism shutters, resting ends on the rotor. The dampers can be made of two tightly adjacent plates that are movable relative to each other in the radial direction. The dampers in the joint with the rotor and the housing form the working and compressor chambers. The inlet of the compressor chamber is connected directly without a valve to the air treatment system, and the outlet directly without a valve to the exhaust system.

The housing and rotor can be made cylindrical, but this creates the same problems of articulation of the friction surfaces of the housing and rotor that exist in the Wankel engine.

The difference from the prototype is a new organization of the working and compressor chambers, as well as suction and exhaust chambers, in a new rotor shape. This determines the compliance of the technical solution with the criterion of novelty.

Thus, the rotary piston internal combustion engine, comprising a housing and a rotor placed inside the housing, articulated by compression rings with the housing, a shaft, an air-fuel mixture preparation system, a mixture ignition system and an exhaust gas exhaust system, is characterized in that it is rigidly located on the shaft one rotor made in the form of a torus with a surface parallel to the shaft slanted along an elliptical trajectory, articulated with the housing by compression rings, which are installed in the po most remote from the axis of the torus there are places round in a radial section, and in the case, made in the form of a detachable hollow torus, the detachable parts of which are connected by threaded elements on the outer side of the torus, between the inlet and outlet holes there is a radially spring-loaded shutter resting on the rotor with an end face, compression articulated with the body and rotor, and on the diametrically opposite side of the casing there are radially two spring-loaded and adjustable cam mechanism shutters, also supported by the ends on the rotor, compressor ion articulated to the housing and the rotor.

Thanks to this new set of essential features, a new technical result is provided, consisting in the fact that a simple and reliable articulation of the rubbing surfaces of the rotor and the housing is ensured due to the ring shape of the main part of their rubbing surfaces, while the rotation from the piston moving, under the influence of the expanding working fluid, onto the shaft transmitted directly without the use of gearing.

The drawing of Fig. 1.a shows a cross section (relative to the shaft), and in the drawing of Fig. 1.b is a longitudinal section of a rotary piston internal combustion engine, in which on the shaft (1) (numbering in the drawings is through) perpendicular to the shaft is fixed cylindrical disk (2). A rotor having the shape of a torus (3) with a surface slanted along an elliptical trajectory, which in conjunction with the body (4) and the shutters (5, 6, 7) creates suction chambers (8), compression (9), is rigidly fixed to the disk (2) , extensions (10) and exhaust (11). The damper (5) is located between the inlet (12) and the outlet (13) holes. The flaps (5, 6, 7) with the ends are compression articulated with the rotor (3). The inlet (12) is connected to an air or fuel / air mixture preparation system. A vent (13) is connected to an exhaust system. Between the shutters (6) and (7), a recess (14) is made in the housing, into which the fuel injector nozzle (15) and the spark generator contacts (16) are brought out. The dampers (5, 6, 7) are pressed against the oblique surface of the rotor by springs (17, 18, 19). The flaps (6) and (7) are connected to the cams (20, 21) through the rods (22, 23). On both sides of the shutters, in a parallel plane with it there are plates springed to the rotor (3) by springs (24) with semicircular cutouts (25), which are articulated with the surface of the rotor (3). The plates (25) are placed in the housing (4) with a compression joint with it. The dampers (6, 7, 8) can be made of two tight-fitting plates that are movable relative to each other in the radial direction. On the rotor (3), compression rings (26) are installed, which are articulated with the inner surface of the torus of the housing (4). The halves of the housing (4) are interconnected by threaded elements (27).

The device operates as follows. When the rotor (3) rotates (Fig. 1.a.), the working mixture enters (is sucked) through the inlet (12) into the sickle-shaped suction chamber (8). In this case, in the chamber (9), the working mixture is sucked in during the previous cycle. In the chamber (10), the combustion products of the mixture expand after being ignited by the spark generator (16). From the chamber (11), the combustion products of the previous cycle are exhausted through the outlet hole (13). If air is used as the intake mixture, fuel is injected into the recess chamber (14) at the appropriate moment.

In the drawings, Figures 2-9 show the position of the rotor and the shutters during one cycle (half a revolution of the shaft (1)) with fuel injection into compressed air.

In the drawing of figure 2, the rotor is in a horizontal (relative to the observer) position (side A from the left edge, side B from the right. The damper (6) is lifted by the cam (20) through the shaft (22). The damper (7) is pressed against the rotor ( 3) by a spring (19). In this case, the expansion chamber (10) has no communication with the atmosphere and the fuel-air mixture is completely burned in and the combustion products expand. The compression chamber (9) also has no communication with the atmosphere and compression occurs in it air or fuel-air mixture. Products are displaced from the chamber (11) combustion through the hole (13) .In the chamber (8), air is sucked in. The damper (5) in all positions of the rotor is pressed against the rotor by a spring (17).

The drawing of figure 3 shows the lowering of the shutter (6) under the action of the spring (18) by releasing the action of the cam (20). Compressed air is located to the right of the damper (7).

The drawing of figure 4 shows the raising of the shutter (7) with a cam (21). In this case, compressed air flows into the cavity of the recess (14). Immediately after this, fuel is injected with a nozzle (15).

In the drawing of FIG. 5, the rotor is located vertically. The exhaust of products from the chamber (11) is completely completed and the compression chamber (9) is completely filled with air. The lowering of the shutter (7) under the action of the spring (19) is shown by releasing it from the action of the cam (21).

The drawing of Fig. 6 shows the raising of the shutter (b) by the cam (20) and the supply of a spark to the fuel-air mixture. In the chamber (10), the expansion of the combustion products of the mixture begins. In the chamber (9), air compression begins, and the combustion products of the last cycle are displaced from the chamber (11). Air is sucked into the chamber (8).

In the drawings of Figs. 7, 8, 9 - sequentially shows the continuation of all processes in the chambers.

The drawing of Fig.9 shows the position of the rotor and the dampers after the end of one cycle. Moreover, side A of the rotor is on the right edge, and side B is on the left.

Thus, the shaft (1) is driven into rotation by the expansion of the gases from the side A of the rotor (3) half the revolution, and the shaft (1) is brought into rotation by the side B of the rotor (3). In this case, the working mixture almost continuously enters the suction chamber (8), is compressed almost continuously in the compression chamber (9), expands almost continuously in the expansion chamber (10), and the exhaust gases continuously flow from the exhaust chamber (11) into the exhaust gas exhaust system .

The execution of a rotary piston engine, when one symmetrical rotor rigidly mounted on the shaft, located in a toroidal housing, creates a balanced system according to mass-inertial characteristics. This design provides high efficiency when converting thermodynamic energy into mechanical energy, due to the reliable compaction of the chambers and eliminates the need for gear transmission of rotor rotation to the motor shaft. It also allows you to eliminate the vibration observed in the Wankel engine due to the mismatch of the axis of rotation of the rotor and the axis of rotation of the motor shaft, by combining the rotor shaft and the motor shaft.

The design of the dampers of two tightly adjacent plates, movable relative to each other in the radial direction allows for a good compression joint of the rotor and the housing.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary piston internal combustion engine, comprising a housing and a rotor placed inside the housing, articulated by compression rings with the housing, a shaft, an air-fuel mixture preparation system, a mixture ignition system and an exhaust system, characterized in that it is rigidly located on the shaft one rotor, made in the form of a torus with a surface parallel to the shaft, beveled along an elliptical trajectory, articulated with the housing by compression rings, which are installed in the round farthest from the rotor axis x in a radial section of the seats, while in the case, made in the form of a detachable hollow torus, detachable parts of which are connected by threaded elements on the outer side of the torus, between the inlet and outlet holes there is a radially spring-loaded shutter resting on the rotor with an end face, compression articulated with the body and rotor and on the diametrically opposite side of the casing there are radially two spring-loaded and adjustable cam mechanism shutters, also supported by the ends on the rotor, enennye with the housing and the rotor. 2. The rotary piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutters are made of two tightly adjacent plates that are movable relative to each other in the radial direction.

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