RU2463770C2 - Method of reloading harvesting of root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of harvesting root crops, such as sugar beet. The method consists in the fact that root crops digged out are loaded in the vehicle passing alongside of the harvester, and after its filling they are unloaded in the field outdoor bank of temporary storage which width of does not exceed the operating width of root crops loader in the main vehicle. Root crops are unloaded directly from the trajectory of the current run to the surface of the previous run straight into two parallel outdoor banks located across the working runs. Width of each outdoor bank of the pair does not exceed the width of grip of the root loader into the main vehicle.

EFFECT: method provides the possibility of laying root crops in higher and wider transverse outdoor banks.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for harvesting root crops, for example sugar beets.

Known methods for transshipment of root crops of sugar beets with their laying in field tines (rolls, heaps) of temporary storage, followed by loading into vehicles for delivery to a sugar factory, for example, from book [1] p.8, paragraph 5 below; p.9, paragraph 2 below; p.11, paragraph 2 above; according to which beet root crops are laid on the harvested part of the plantation in the form of transverse or longitudinal kagats (more precisely, transverse rows of heaps or longitudinal rolls), as well as from the book [2] p. 7, paragraph 4 above, p. 10, Fig. 3 and p.6 ... 15, fig. 1 ... 6.

Their disadvantage is that the blades (rows of heaps, longitudinal rolls) have a small width and height. Therefore, during temporary storage, root crops intensively lose weight by evaporation of moisture, turgor, and other technological qualities. The disadvantage of the methods according to [2] is that almost the entire soil surface of the plantation is rolled with wheels.

There is also known a method of transshipment of root crops, in which the root crops to be dug are loaded into a vehicle running next to the harvester, after which the root crops are unloaded into the temporary storage field and this length is increased so that the width of the crop does not exceed the width of the root crop loader in the main motor vehicle , for example, from the book [2] p. 7, paragraph 4 above, p. 10, Fig. 3. This method is taken as the closest analogue.

According to this method, heels up to 1.5 m high and 3.5 ... 4.0 m wide [2] p. 14, paragraph 2 above, are placed at some distance from the retractable corral, but more often on the harvested part of the plantation with the headers located along the length rut.

The disadvantage is that they roll unwanted ton-kilometers and repeatedly compact the entire plantation surface with wheels.

The objective of the invention and the technical result is that root crops are unloaded into permissible wide and sufficiently high transverse headers directly in the place of the calculated filling by the vehicle’s harvesting machine.

The essence of the invention is a method of transshipment of root crops, in which the root crops to be dug are loaded into a vehicle running next to the harvesting machine, after which the root crops are unloaded into the temporary storage field and the length of the extension is increased so that the width of the crop does not exceed the width of the root crop loader to the main motor transport, characterized in that the root crops from the vehicle are unloaded directly from the path of the current working head to the surface of the previous working th rutting immediately in clamps disposed transverse to the runs of working, the width of each of them does not exceed the widths of root crops in the loader main vehicles.

Due to this, one unit of the vehicle provides non-stop movement of a 6-row harvesting machine with a hopper of only 600 kg of root crops. Reduce the length of transportations on the plantation and soil compaction by wheels, reduce the consumption of motor fuel.

A vehicle has been arranged (hereinafter referred to as a trailer) for carrying out a transshipment method for harvesting root crops, for example, as follows.

Figure 1 shows a trailer (to the tractor) with a cargo platform, raised to the vertical position of its bottom, rear view. The dotted line shows the loading platform at the starting position. The dashed-dotted line shows the upper dimension of the root crop.

In Fig. 2, a cross section of a pair of root crop blades is shown along AA in Fig. 1.

In Fig.3 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic drive lifting and lowering the cargo platform. Kinematic link - the loading platform is indicated by a dashed line.

Figure 4 schematically shows the separation of the platform of the trailer with additional sides on non-loaded and on loaded containers.

Figure 5 schematically shows the separation of the trailer with two platforms into two non-loading and two loading containers.

Symbols in figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:

1 - trailer loading platform (hereinafter platform),

2 - side board of platform 1, equipped with a lever mechanism for automatic opening and closing, similar to the trailer mechanism 1PTS-10 model 9554 [3] p.64 ... 67, Fig. 48, as well as p.68, Fig. 49, (hereinafter the board) ,

3 - additional (removable) board platform 1 (hereinafter board),

4 - telescopic hydraulic cylinder (hereinafter cylinder),

5 - piston hydraulic cylinder (hereinafter cylinder),

6 - pump station containing a tank, pump, safety valve, filter (hereinafter pump),

7 - four-line on-off directional control valve (hereinafter dispenser),

8 - bilateral hydraulic lock (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

9 - an adjustable throttle with a check valve type 62900 [4] p. 190, table 4.37, (hereinafter throttle),

10 - oil pipe

11, 12, 13 - links of the kinematic connection of the spool of the distributor 7 with the platform 1 (hereinafter link),

14 - spring,

14 - root beet sugar sugar (hereinafter root).

Let the sugar beet plantation be harvested by a transshipment method using a KS-6 machine [5] p.128, Fig. 64, (its analogues: KS-6B-10, RKM6-07). Coverage - 2, 7 m, the loading height of the elevator in a nearby transport up to 3.2 m, the capacity of the root hopper is only -1.0 m ³ . Consequently, the capacity of the hopper is ~ 600 kg of a pile of sugar beet root crops. The vehicle is MTZ-80 tractor + 2PTS-6 type trailer: carrying capacity 6.0 t, platform length 4.0 m, side height 2.8 m [3] p. 8, table 1.

In platform 1 (Fig. 4), at the angle of 75 ° to the side sides 2, equally high additional sides 3 are vertically mounted and fixed so that the distance between them at the discharge side is 1.5 m, and at the opposite side, 0.5 m. the capacity of platform 1 is divided into two loading containers with a capacity of 3.0 tons each and one non-loading capacity between the sides 3. Cylinders 4 and 5 are pivotally mounted between the chassis frame and the platform. There is a pump 6 on the chassis frame, for example, NSh-71-4 [ 5] p.31, the nominal power consumption of 77.4 hp The pump shaft is connected by a cardan shaft to the power take-off shaft (hereinafter PTO) of the tractor. The hydraulic cylinders and the pump are interconnected through the distributor 7 so that the input-output channels of the distributor communicate with the pump through the lock 8. The pressure cavity of the cylinder 4 is connected to the first control channel of the distributor 7 only by oil lines 10, and the rod cavity of the cylinder 5 is in communication with the second control channel of the distributor 7 through the throttle 9 and the oil line 10. The oil lines 10 through the second lock 8 are connected with the conclusions of the oil lines 10 for connecting high-pressure hoses to the control channels of the standard roraspredelitelya tractor. The links 11, 12, 13 and the spring 14 kinematically connect the spool of the distributor 7 to the platform 1 so that in the initial position of the platform 1 (dotted in figure 1), the distributor is in the “lift” position, and when the platform is raised to the vertical position of its bottom the valve switches to the “lower” position.

Let the beet plantation with loose soil be prepared for harvesting in accordance with the recommendations of [2] p. 11, 12, Fig. 6, and let the headland be 900 m, and the root crop yield 250 c / ha. In this case, the trailer is filled at a stroke of 900 m. Therefore, only one (pair) kagat is formed across the rut as follows. Let the speed of the KS-6B-10 machine be 2.5 m / s (9 km / h). This is the maximum working speed. On the first pass, the root crops are loaded into the first loadable capacity of the trailer going nearby. After 450 m of travel, 3.0 tons of root crops in this tank. At this moment, the elevator of the KS-6B-10 machine is turned off and, without reducing the speed of the machine, the root crops are sent to its hopper, and the trailer is stopped. The hopper with a volume of 1.0 m ^{3 is} filled in 35 seconds at a stroke length of 89 m. During this time, root crops are unloaded from the trailer and catch up with the KS-6B-10 machine. To do this, immediately after stopping the trailer, the PTO is turned on and the pump 6 pumps oil into the cylinders 4 and 5 with the entire engine power. The parameters of the cylinders are such that in 5 seconds, the platform 1 is raised (rotated) to the vertical position of its bottom. With this, all root crops are moved to the field kagat of temporary storage. In this case, the links 7, the distributor 7 is switched to the "lowering" position and over the next 5 seconds the cylinder 5 lowers the platform to its original position, turn off the PTO. For the remaining 25 seconds, at an average speed of 3.56 m / s (13 km / h), the harvester is caught up, the elevator is turned on, the root crops from the hopper are loaded into the rear tank and re-excavated. Until the end of the rut, root crops are loaded into the same tank up to 3.0 tons. Then, the machines are turned upside down and the root crops are fed into the front tank. After 450 m on the other side, the pens are unloaded as described above immediately from two tanks into a pair of parallel blades. They also work on all subsequent passages before cleaning the entire corral. If a small number of root crops falls into an unloaded container, then they are unloaded simultaneously with the others in the gap between parallel blades with a thin layer. It is divided between the dies by a loader of the type SPS-4.2 during the loading process without significant damage, since the root layer between the dies is thin.

Let the root crop yield of 500 c / ha. In this case, the trailer is filled at a stroke length of 450 m. Therefore, two twin blades are formed at 225 m from the ends of the heads, that is, every 450 m. Let the speed of the harvester be still 2.5 m / s (9 km / h). The trailer is filled in 180 seconds, stopped and the platform 1 is unloaded as described above in 5 seconds. At the same time, the speed of the sweeper is not reduced. Its hopper is filled in 18 seconds at a stroke length of 45 m. At this point, that is, for 8 seconds at an average speed of 5.56 m / s (~ 20 km / h), the trailer is caught up with a harvester and then the beet root crops are harvested as described above. If the trailer platform after unloading is lowered to its original position during its course, then the total time for unloading root crops and feeding the trailer for loading is reduced to 13 seconds.

Let a trailer of type 3PTS-14.5 model 8573 with two platforms [3] p. 68, Fig. 49, be towed by a tractor of the type HTZ-16231 (LTZ-155) on tires 11.2R44. In each platform 1 (Fig. 5), at an angle of 75 ° to the sides 2, one additional board 3 is vertically mounted and secured. Cylinders 4, 5 are pivotally mounted between the chassis frame and the platforms. There is a pump 6 on the chassis frame, for example, НШ250-4 [ 6] p.31, the nominal power consumption of 212.1 hp Therefore, all the tractor engine power is used for simultaneous and quick unloading of both platforms. Such a trailer is used to work with 6-row and 12-row beet harvesters.

So, one unit of the vehicle provides non-stop movement of a 6-row beet harvesting machine with a hopper for only 600 kg of root crops, or a 12-row beet harvesting machine also with a small hopper. Reduce the length of transportations on the plantation and soil compaction by wheels, reduce the consumption of motor fuel.

Information sources

1. Eremeev I.D. Elements of the theory of the construction of the working bodies of beet harvesters. M .: Mashgiz, 1961 .-- 132 p.

2. Guide to the operation of beet complexes. Ed. A.M. Mazurenko. Kiev: Harvest, 1984. - 128 p.

3. Mirkitanov V.I., Andreev V.A. Operation and repair of tractor trailers. M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 .-- 224 p.

4. Vasilchenko V.A. Hydraulic Equipment for Mobile Machines: A Guide. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1983.- 299 p.

5. Machines for beet farming. Ed. A.G. Tsymbala and Yu.I. Kovtun. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1976 .-- 367 p.

6. Hydraulic units of tractors and agricultural machines. Part 1. Catalog. M .: Ministry of Automotive and Agricultural Engineering of the USSR. TSNIITEIavtoselkhozmash, 1989 .-- 137 p.

Claims (1)

A method of transshipment of root crops, in which the root crops to be dug are loaded into a vehicle running next to the harvesting machine, after which the root crops are unloaded into the temporary storage field and increase the length of the cable so that the width of the crop does not exceed the width of the root crop loader in the main motor vehicle, which differs the fact that the root crops from the vehicle are unloaded directly from the trajectory of the current working head to the surface of the previous working head directly into the heels, located across the working ruts, and the width of each of them does not exceed the width of the capture loader of root crops in the main motor vehicle.

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