RU2463411C1 - Building (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: building comprises two bearing walls connected at least with one end wall, a ceiling and a roof. Walls, ceiling and roof of the building are made of wave-shaped sections fixed to each other. Between the ceiling and the building roof there is a truss frame made of spacer rows arranged along the end wall and installed in each row at the angle to each other and joined to each other and with ceiling and roof parts by means of joint plates, which are connected with joint plates of neighbouring rows by transverse joints. A spacer for a building version with a convex roof has a trapezoidal shape with bends at the ends, besides, at side branches and bends of the spacer there are longitudinal stiffening ribs arranged. A spacer for a building version with a flat roof has an arc shape. The truss frame of the building may have a single or a double spacer system.

EFFECT: higher bearing capacity both in separate sections of a building and entire building structure as a whole, and reduced metal intensity due to reduction of steel thickness for manufacturing of frame parts.

23 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of construction, and in particular to design options for frameless large-span buildings of modular type and structures for various purposes, for example: sports, industrial, warehouse, etc., with a convex or flat roof.

Known composite building element with discrete connections, including modular elements interconnected in a collapsible load-bearing supporting structure with bolts to create from them prefabricated buildings and structures of various kinds. The modular elements consist of a panel, rolling reinforcing rods, forming braces and a spatial truss rib, connected to a panel that may have positive or negative Gaussian curvature (utility model RU 44336, class E04B 1/24, published March 10, 2005).

The curvilinear shape of the panel is dictated in the well-known solution by the outlines of the future structure, for example, such as a tower, cooling tower, etc. and is not related to ensuring the bearing capacity and strength of this panel, which are provided mainly due to spruel joints.

Also known are the options for composite or combined structures of large-span coatings of buildings for various purposes.

The large-span coating contains a frame connected with a protective film located on the outside of the structure and with a cable mesh located on its inner side. Between the specified film and the grid placed containers filled with gas. Under the wire mesh is a tubular frame connected to the frame trusses (description of the invention to patent RU 2383705, class E04H 15/02, published on 03/10/2010).

Known building coatings are limited in their use by the climatic conditions of a particular area, as well as by the strength requirements for the building structure.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity of both individual sections of the building, and the entire building structure, intended both for wall and roofing in large-span buildings.

In addition, due to structural improvements in the details of the truss frame, it became possible to use steel of smaller thickness for its manufacture, which had a positive effect on reducing the weight of this design.

Also, in the manufacture of the proposed design, a new type of steel with higher strength characteristics was used, which made it possible to optimize the calculation of the building structure made of wave-like sections, while reducing its weight while maintaining its bearing capacity during operation.

The technical result of the invention is achieved using the following combination of features.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, the building is characterized by a convex roof and comprises two load-bearing walls connected to at least one end wall by a ceiling and a convex roof.

The walls, ceiling and roof of such a building are made of undulating sections fastened together.

A truss frame is placed between the ceiling and the roof of the building, consisting of rows of spacers located along the end wall, installed in each row at an angle to each other and connected to each other and to the parts of the ceiling and roof by means of cuts that are connected to the shapes of adjacent rows by transverse connections.

Each said strut has a trapezoidal profile with bends at the ends, and longitudinal stiffeners are made on the lateral branches and bends of the strut.

Each said transverse connection is made in the form of an oblong element and has a Z-shaped profile with right angles, and the end sections of the middle part of the said profile are bent at right angles to it in opposite directions, while stiffening ribs are made along the edges of each end section in the longitudinal direction.

The truss frame of the building may have a single or double spacer system. A single spacer system is a combination of spacers in each row in a zigzag line.

The double system of struts is a combination of struts in each row in the form of two zigzag lines intersecting each other, the vertices of the corners of which are located opposite each other.

Each said wave-like section consists of several alternating hollows and ridges, and a plurality of longitudinal stiffeners, also having a wave-like profile, are made over the entire area of the section, while the central longitudinal sections of the hollows and ridges, as well as the longitudinal edges of the section, are made flattened.

For each wave-like section, the first stiffeners located on inclined sections between the troughs and ridges can be made with larger radii of curvature than the second stiffeners adjacent to the central longitudinal sections.

In this embodiment of the undulating section, the first stiffening ribs can be made with a greater curvature of the sections curved towards the inside of the section than the curvature of the sections between them. In this case, the first stiffening ribs form pairs located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ridge or depression.

The bearing and / or at least one end wall of the building may have openings, the upper part of each opening being provided with a protective visor, the front side of which has protruding sections from the ends and a downward curved edge having an outer edge relative to the building wall.

The walls of the building can be connected by means of corner profiles, the sides of which are made with stiffeners.

Between the ceiling and the roof of the building can be placed fiberglass insulation, consisting of individual flakes made with the possibility of blowing into the passage between the ceiling and the roof of the building.

The building can be equipped with steam and heat insulation. The vapor barrier is made in the form of sheets of aluminum film reinforced with a fiberglass mesh installed inside the building with a gap relative to the walls, and the thermal insulation is made in the form of fiberglass plates located in this gap.

The gap between the sheets of the reinforced aluminum film and the walls of the building is formed by brackets fixed in predetermined places on the inner side of the walls of the building with latches made to interact with the bars attached to the sheets of the reinforced aluminum film.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, the building is characterized by a flat roof and comprises two load-bearing walls connected to at least one end wall by a ceiling and a flat roof.

As in the previous version of the wall, the ceiling and roof of such a building are made of undulating sections fastened together.

A truss frame is placed between the ceiling and the roof of the building, consisting of rows of spacers located along the end wall, installed in each row at an angle to each other and connected to each other and to the parts of the ceiling and roof by means of cuts that are connected to the shapes of adjacent rows by transverse connections.

Each spacer mentioned has an arched profile with bends at the ends, the edge sections of which are bent and directed along the side branches of the arched profile.

Each said transverse connection is made in the form of an oblong element and has a Z-shaped profile with right angles, and the end sections of the middle part of the said profile are bent at right angles to this part in opposite directions, while stiffening ribs are made along the edges of each end section in the longitudinal direction .

The truss frame of the building may have a single or double spacer system. A single spacer system is a combination of spacers in each row in a zigzag line.

The double system of struts is a combination of struts in each row in the form of two zigzag lines intersecting each other, the vertices of the corners of which are located opposite each other.

The spacer in this embodiment of the building is provided with an reinforcing element having a U-shaped cross section and fixed to the bends of the spacer by spot welding or bolting.

As in the first version of the building, each said wave-shaped section consists of several alternating troughs and ridges, and throughout the entire area of the section there are many longitudinal stiffeners, also having a wave-like profile, while the central longitudinal sections of the troughs and ridges, as well as longitudinal the edges of the section are made flattened.

For each wave-like section, the first stiffeners located on inclined sections between the troughs and ridges can be made with larger radii of curvature than the second stiffeners adjacent to the central longitudinal sections.

In this embodiment of the undulating section, the first stiffening ribs can be made with a greater curvature of the sections curved towards the inside of the section than the curvature of the sections between them.

The building, according to the second embodiment, has a support structure for the ceiling and roof mounted along the load-bearing walls, mainly at an equal distance from them.

Mentioned supporting structure is made in the form of a series of columns located at a distance from each other, connected to a beam located between the ceiling and the roof of the building.

The bearing and / or at least one end wall of the building may have openings, the upper part of each opening being provided with a protective visor, the front side of which has protruding sections from the ends and a downward curved edge having an outer edge relative to the building wall.

The walls of the building can be connected by means of corner profiles, the sides of which are made with stiffeners.

Between the ceiling and the roof of the building can be placed fiberglass insulation, consisting of individual flakes made with the possibility of blowing into the passage between the ceiling and the roof of the building.

The building can be equipped with steam and heat insulation. The vapor barrier is made in the form of sheets of aluminum film reinforced with a fiberglass mesh installed inside the building with a gap relative to the walls, and the thermal insulation is made in the form of fiberglass plates located in this gap.

The gap between the sheets of the reinforced aluminum film and the walls of the building is formed by means of brackets fixed in predetermined places on the inner side of the walls of the building with latches made to interact with the bars attached to the sheets of the reinforced aluminum film.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 schematically shows the first version of the building (in perspective with a partial section of the roof); figure 2 - the second version of the building (in perspective with a partial section of the roof); figure 3 is a wavy section; figure 4 - spacer for the first version of the building (top view); figure 5 is a section aa in figure 4; figure 6, a is a transverse connection (in expanded form); 6, b - transverse connection (transverse section in working form, enlarged); Fig.7 - spacer for the second version of the building (top view); in Fig.8 is a section bB in Fig.7 together with an amplifying element; Fig.9 is a part of the protective visor for the window opening (isometric view); figure 10 is part of a protective visor for other openings (isometric view); 11 is a diagram of the mounting of steam and heat insulation to the inner side of the wall of the building; in Fig.12, a, b - roofing system spacers for the building variant of Fig.1; on Fig 13, a, b - roofing system spacers for a variant of the building of figure 2.

The building 1 (first embodiment) shown in FIG. 1 consists of two load-bearing walls 2 and one or two end walls (not shown), as well as a ceiling 3 and a roof 4 having a convex shape. All walls, ceiling and roof are made of interconnected undulating sections 5 (figure 3).

Between the ceiling 3 and the roof 4, a supporting truss frame is installed, consisting of a plurality of rows of struts 6 located parallel to each other and to the end wall of the building, installed in each row at a distance of one meter from each other and at an angle to each other. The spacers 6 in each row are connected to each other and to the details of the ceiling 3 and the roof 4 with the help of fittings 7. Shapes of one row are connected to the opposite shapes of the adjacent row using transverse connections 8 (Fig.6).

Each spacer 6 (figure 4) is made in the form of an elongated element symmetrical about its longitudinal axis and having mounting holes formed in predetermined places. The spacer has a trapezoidal profile with bends at the ends (figure 5). On the lateral branches 9 and bends 10 of each strut, longitudinal stiffening ribs 11 are made, which makes it possible to use sheets of steel of smaller thickness for large loads on the roof for the manufacture of struts.

Spacers with a width of 34 mm are used for buildings with spans up to 36 meters, and spacers with a width of 64 mm are used for buildings with spans of more than 36 meters.

The truss frame, depending on the dimensions of the building and its purpose, can have a simple single system of struts in the form of one zigzag line 12 (Fig. 12, a), or a double system of struts in the form of two intersecting zigzag lines 13, the tops of the corners of which are opposite each other friend (Fig, b).

The double roof spacer system is used for buildings with a width of more than 27 meters and can provide spans up to 70 meters inclusive.

Each gusset is a corner with shoulders of different lengths, on which mounting holes are formed in predetermined places.

Each transverse connection 8 (Fig.6, a) is made in the form of an elongated element symmetrical about its longitudinal axis and having mounting holes formed in predetermined places. The long sides 14 and 15 of this element in its working position are bent at right angles to the plane of its middle part (base) 16, but in different directions (Fig.6, b). Thus, each cross-link 8 has a Z-shaped profile with right angles. The end sections 17 and 18 of the aforementioned profile in its working position are also bent at right angles to the plane of the middle part 16, but also in different directions, while along the edges of each end section in the longitudinal direction there are made stiffeners 19, which make it possible to use cross-links for the manufacture of parts sheets of steel of smaller thickness at high loads on the roof.

Cross links, 1066 mm long, are used for mounting a standard truss installation every meter.

Cross connections, 566 mm long, are used for installation of non-standard farm installation every half meter.

The rectangular metal section 5 (Fig. 3) is made with a wave-like transverse profile consisting of several large alternating depressions 20 and ridges 21 (it is obvious that if section 1 is turned over, the ridges and depressions will change places).

In addition, section 5 is made with many stiffeners 22, longitudinally oriented relative to its lateral edges and having, like the section itself, a wavy profile. The central longitudinal sections 23 and 24 of the said hollows and ridges are made flattened. The lateral edges 25 of section 5 are also flattened and mounting holes 26 are formed on them at the same distance from each other for connection by means of fasteners in the form of bolts and nuts, as well as sealing gaskets between them (not shown) with holes formed on the lateral edges, similar in design sections 5 adjacent sections.

For each wave-shaped section 5, the first stiffeners located on inclined sections between the depressions 20 and ridges 21 can be made with larger radii of curvature than the second stiffeners adjacent to the central longitudinal sections 23 and 24.

In this embodiment of the undulating section, the first stiffening ribs can be made with a greater curvature of the sections curved towards the inside of the section than the curvature of the sections between them.

This embodiment of the sections allows to increase the bearing capacity of the entire structure by 8.5%.

The walls of the building are provided with door and / or window openings. To protect these openings from falling into the building rainfall provides protective visors (Fig.9 and 10). Also, the visors have a bearing function, since they are based on wall sections.

Figure 9 shows part of the design of the protective visor intended for the window opening of the building. To optimize the function of the ebb tide, it has sections 27 protruding from the ends and an edge bent downward, having a bend 28 to the outside relative to the wall section.

Figure 10 shows part of the design of the protective visor intended for other openings of the building, except the window.

Corner profiles are provided for connecting the walls of the building. They can be made in whole or in two parts, depending on the height of the building. It should be noted that the longer this profile, the lower its bearing capacity. This disadvantage was eliminated by performing both sides of the corner profile with stiffeners made in the form of numerous small corrugations. Thus, with the same thickness of the steel, the strength characteristics of the mentioned profile increased significantly.

Between the ceiling 3 and the roof 4 of the building is placed fiberglass insulation, consisting of individual flakes, the ceiling of the building at the same time additionally serves as a vapor barrier, while holding blown fiberglass insulation.

In the inter-farm space of the proposed building, there are fans, the system of which would ensure the exchange of half the volume of air per hour.

11 shows a part of a system for attaching steam and heat insulation to the inside of a building’s walls. The vapor barrier is made in the form of sheets of aluminum foil (film) 29 reinforced with fiberglass mesh, installed with a gap relative to the walls. On the other hand, kraft paper sheets are glued to the reinforcing fiberglass. The heat insulator is made in the form of plates 30 of fiberglass placed in the aforementioned gap. The vapor isolator faces the fiberglass plates 30 with its side made of kraft paper sheets and is connected to the plates 30 with glue.

The gap between the wall and the vapor barrier is ensured by a plurality of brackets 31 fixed on the inner side of the walls in predetermined places with latches 32 formed at their free ends and adapted to interact with the bars 33 attached to the sheets 29.

The building 34 (second embodiment) shown in FIG. 2 differs from the building shown in FIG. 1 in the flat shape of the roof 35. It also consists of two load-bearing walls 2 and one or two end walls (not shown), as well as a ceiling 3 and the already mentioned roof 35. All walls, ceiling and roof, as in the first embodiment of the building, are made of undulating sections 5 fastened together (Fig. 3).

The roof 35 according to this embodiment of the building may have a slight slope to drain water at least in one direction.

The truss frame of the building 34, as well as the truss frame of the building 1, can have a single 12 (Fig.13a) or double 13 (Fig.13b) spacer system. The latter is used for buildings with a clean span of up to 60 meters.

Weather protection for the openings of the building 34 and its vapor and heat insulation are made similar to the first option.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the building 34 has a support structure for the ceiling and roof, made in the form of a series of columns 36 located at equal distance from each other and at equal distance from the supporting walls, connected to the beam 37, which is installed between the ceiling 3 and the roof 35 (figure 2).

Another difference of this building from the previously described is the implementation of each of the spacers 38 of the truss frame in the form of an oblong element (Fig.7) with mounting holes in predetermined places and having an arched profile with bends at the ends, the edge sections 39 of which are bent and directed along the side branches 40 arched profile of an elongated element (Fig).

When spans wider than 26 meters or high loads on the roof, the spacer 38 is equipped with an elongating elongated element 41 having a U-shaped cross section and attached to the spacer 38 by spot welding or bolting.

Also, to ensure increased load-bearing capacity of the building as a whole and its roofing or wall sections 5, their implementation is made of steel with the following characteristics.

Depending on the purpose, structure and expected load on the building, according to both of its options, made of undulating sections, the latter can be made of steel sheet with a thickness of 0.75 ÷ 1.2 mm. Such a steel sheet has a strength meeting ASTM A792 / A792M standards and a yield strength of 40,000 psi. In the metric system, 40,000 psi correspond to approximately 275.79 MPa. In this embodiment, the section can be made with aluminozinc finish in accordance with AZM 165 and with oven-dried acrylic paints.

Also, the section can be made of steel sheet with a thickness of 1.51 and 1.89 mm, having strength corresponding to ASTM A792 / A792M, and yield strength of 37,000 psi and 50,000 psi, respectively. Such a section can be made with aluzinc finish in accordance with AZM 165 and with oven-painted acrylic paints.

In another embodiment of the utility model, the section is made of a sheet of steel with a thickness of 0.75 ÷ 1.36 mm having a strength corresponding to ASTM A653 and a yield strength of 40,000 psi.

It should be noted that, as a rule, a stronger (thicker) steel is used for the roof than for the walls.

The steel section is coated on one side with zinc, pre-treatment and a flexible primer are carried out, after which its outer side is covered with Perspectra paint (name of the paint).

The inner side of this section is coated with zinc or 55% aluminozinc, galvanized and then primed.

Thanks to the pre-treatment and painting of the inside of the section, the corrosion protection of the entire section as a whole is increased. This paint system protects the steel section from corrosion for 25 years.

Claims (23)

1. A building with a convex roof, comprising two load-bearing walls connected to at least one end wall, a ceiling and a convex roof, wherein the walls, ceiling and roof are made of undulating sections fastened together, and a truss frame is placed between the ceiling and the roof, consisting of rows of spacers located along the end wall, installed in each row at an angle to each other and connected with each other and with the details of the ceiling and roof by means of fittings connected to the fittings of adjacent rows by transverse connections, while each strut has a trapezoidal profile with bends at the ends, and longitudinal stiffeners are made on the lateral branches and bends of the strut, and each transverse connection has a Z-shaped profile with right angles, and the end sections of the middle part of the said profile are bent at right angles to it in opposite stiffeners along the edges of each end section in the longitudinal direction. 2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss frame has a single spacer system, which is a connection of spacers in each row in the form of a zigzag line. 3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss frame has a double spacer system, which is a connection of spacers in each row in the form of two zigzag lines intersecting each other, the vertices of the corners of which are located opposite each other. 4. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that each wave-shaped section consists of several alternating hollows and ridges, and throughout the entire area of the section there are many longitudinal stiffeners, also having a wave-like profile, while the central longitudinal sections of the hollows and ridges, and also the longitudinal edges of the section are made flattened. 5. The building according to claim 4, characterized in that the first stiffening ribs located on inclined sections between the troughs and ridges are made with larger radii of curvature than the second stiffening ribs adjacent to the central longitudinal sections, the first stiffening ribs made with greater curvature sections curved towards the inside of the section than the curvature of the sections between them. 6. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting walls and / or at least one end wall have openings, the upper part of each opening having a protective visor, the front side of which has protruding from the ends of the sections and a downward curved edge having bending to the outside. 7. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that its walls are connected by means of corner profiles, the sides of which are made with stiffeners. 8. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that between the ceiling and the roof there is fiberglass insulation, consisting of individual flakes made with the possibility of blowing into the span between the ceiling and the roof. 9. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with vapor barrier made in the form of sheets of aluminum film reinforced with a fiberglass mesh installed inside the building with a gap relative to the walls, and thermal insulation in the form of fiberglass plates located in this gap. 10. The building according to claim 9, characterized in that the gap between the sheets of the reinforced aluminum film and the walls is formed by means of brackets fixed to the inner side of the walls in predetermined places, with latches adapted to interact with bars attached to the sheets of the reinforced aluminum film. 11. A building with a flat roof, containing two load-bearing walls connected to at least one end wall, a ceiling and a flat roof, the walls, ceiling and roof being made of undulating sections fastened together, and a truss frame is placed between the ceiling and the roof, consisting of rows of spacers located along the end wall, installed in each row at an angle to each other and connected to each other and to the details of the ceiling and roof by means of fittings connected to the fittings of adjacent rows by transverse connections, while Each spacer has an arched profile with bends at the ends, the edge sections of which are bent and directed along the side branches of the arch profile, and each transverse connection has a Z-shaped profile with right angles, and the end sections of the middle part of the said profile are bent at right angles to it in opposite stiffeners along the edges of each end section in the longitudinal direction. 12. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that the truss frame has a single spacer system, which is a connection of spacers in each row in the form of a zigzag line. 13. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that the frame has a double system of struts, which are a combination of struts in each row in the form of two zigzag lines intersecting each other, the vertices of the corners of which are located opposite each other. 14. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that the spacer is provided with an reinforcing element having a U-shaped cross section and mounted on the bends of the spacer by spot welding or bolting. 15. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that each wave-shaped section consists of several alternating hollows and ridges, and throughout the entire area of the section there are many longitudinal stiffeners, also having a wave-like profile, while the central longitudinal sections of the hollows and ridges, and also the longitudinal edges of the section are made flattened. 16. The building according to clause 15, wherein the first stiffeners located on inclined sections between the troughs and ridges are made with larger radii of curvature than the second stiffeners adjacent to the central longitudinal sections, the first stiffeners made with greater curvature sections curved towards the inside of the section than the curvature of the sections between them. 17. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that it has a support structure for the ceiling and roof mounted along the bearing walls, mainly at an equal distance from them. 18. The building according to 17, characterized in that the supporting structure is made in the form of a series of columns located at a distance from each other connected to a beam located between the ceiling and the roof. 19. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that the bearing walls and / or at least one end wall have openings, the upper part of each opening having a protective visor, the front side of which has protruding from the ends of the sections and a downward curved edge having bending to the outside. 20. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that the walls are connected by means of corner profiles, the sides of which are made with stiffeners. 21. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that between the ceiling and the roof there is fiberglass insulation, consisting of individual flakes made with the possibility of blowing into the span between the ceiling and the roof. 22. The building according to claim 11, characterized in that it is provided with vapor barrier made in the form of sheets of aluminum film reinforced with a fiberglass mesh installed inside the building with a gap relative to the walls, and thermal insulation in the form of fiberglass plates located in this gap. 23. The building according to p. 22, characterized in that the gap between the sheets of reinforced aluminum film and the walls is formed by means of brackets fixed on the inner side of the walls in predetermined places with latches made to interact with bars attached to the sheets of reinforced aluminum film.

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