RU2455582C1 - Solar storage water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: solar water heater includes water storage tank (absorber) made of 2…20 parallel profiles of closed section from aluminium alloy, with wall thickness of 1.0…3.0 mm, with length of each profile of 0.5…3.5 m; profiles are combined on both end faces with flanges combined with supply and discharge channels for each profile and supply and discharge header pipes; at that, gaps of 0.2…3.0 mm made between end faces of profiles and flanges are filled with high-temperature adhesive sealant. (Closed) section of profiles is rectangular (including square), or trapezoidal, or elliptical (including circular). Detachable or fixed screens can be installed inside profiles. Heat-insulating housing of water heater is made of aluminium-alloy profiles and a separate bottom, with internal heat insulation between the housing profiles, its bottom and absorber, with aperture of light opening of not less than 90% of the housing surface lit with the sun.

EFFECT: invention allows reducing the labour intensity of manufacture, assembly and sealing of flat water heaters at maintaining total high efficiency of the device.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solar engineering, in particular to solar cells for heating liquids by means of a solar radiant flux (solar water heaters, collectors, absorbers).

Known solar units - capacitive water heaters that convert the radiant flux from the sun to heat to heat the liquid - see, for example, S. Udell "Solar energy and other alternative energy sources", M., Knowledge, 1980, pp. 44-47; RF patent No. 2250420 "Solar heater", priority dated 05.22.2003, IPC F24J 2/00.

As the closest analogue of the presented technical solution, we chose a solar water heater - a flat solar collector, presented in the monograph by N.V. Kharchenko "Individual solar installations", M., Energoatomizdat, 1991, pp. 25-29, Fig. 8, 9, 10. The main elements of the closest analogue are a water tank (absorber) with a selective (“beam-absorbing”) coating of the outer surface illuminated by the sun, a heat-insulating casing with a light window and a translucent fence, supply and discharge collector pipes.

The disadvantages of analogues include the relative technological complexity of the manufacture, assembly and sealing of liquid absorbers (see, for example, the closest analogue, Fig. 10) in the implementation of a high efficiency of a solar water heater.

The aim of the invention is the transition to a new structural and technological appearance of a flat solar storage tank, which allows 10 ... 30% to reduce the complexity of its manufacture, assembly and sealing (including in small-scale and large-scale production) while maintaining a high efficiency of the device.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed solar water heater, the water tank (absorber) is made of 2 ... 20 parallel closed-section profiles of aluminum alloy with a wall thickness of 1.0 ... 3.0 mm, with a length of each profile of 0.5 ... 3, 5 m, the profiles are combined at both ends with flanges, combined with the inlet and outlet channels for each profile and the inlet and outlet manifold pipes, while between the ends of the profiles and flanges there are gaps of 0.2 ... 3.0 mm, which are filled with high-temperature glue - sealant. The section (closed) of the profiles is made rectangular (including square), or trapezoidal, or elliptical (including round). Inside profiles, removable or non-removable screens can be installed. The heat-insulating body of the water heater is made of aluminum alloy profiles and a separate bottom, with internal thermal insulation between the body profiles, its bottom and the absorber (water tank), with an aperture of the light window of at least 90% of the body illuminated by the sun (front), the translucent enclosure is made of silicate glass 2 ... 10 mm thick or cellular polycarbonate 4 ... 12 mm thick, while the air gap between the water tank and the translucent enclosure is 3 ... 50 mm. Additionally, the space (gap) between the water tank and the translucent fence can be filled with transparent thermal insulation. The casing of the water heater can be equipped with adjustable or non-adjustable mounting supports. Additionally, the body of the water heater can be equipped with 1 ... 4 power brackets with 1 ... 4 transport and mounting rollers (wheels), as well as 1 ... 4 lifting arms, including removable. Also, this solar capacitive water heater can be equipped with a removable heat-insulating blanket (cover).

Figure 1 presents a General view of a solar storage tank according to the proposed technical solution, figure 2, 3 shows the basic structural and layout features of this device.

Designations accepted:

1 - capacity for water (absorber),

2 - housing

3 - translucent fence

4 - flange

5 - inlet (outlet) channel

6 - thermal insulation,

7 - selective coating,

8 - working fluid (water),

9 - installation support (adjustable or unregulated),

10 - power bracket,

11 - roller (wheel) transport and installation,

12 - lifting handle

13 - screen

14 - the bottom of the body,

15 - collector pipe (inlet or outlet).

The device according to the proposed technical solution works as follows.

A water heater including an absorber pos. 1 in the housing pos. 2 (including the bottom of the housing pos. 14) is installed, for example, by means of mounting supports pos. 9 so that the solar radiant flux penetrating through the light window and the translucent fence pos. 3, heated the front surface of the profiles and the working fluid pos.8 (for example, water) in the absorber pos.1 (see Fig.1). In this case, the selective coating of pos. 7 profiles of the absorber and the thermal insulation of pos. 6 of the casing increase the efficiency of the water heater, and the screens of pos. 13 inside the profiles of the absorber (near the wall with a selective coating) increase the rate of water heating pos. The water inlet and outlet pos.8 is carried out by means of the corresponding collector pipes pos.15 and channels pos.5, structurally combined with the end flanges pos.4 (see Fig.2, 3). To facilitate transportation and installation, the water heater can be equipped with rollers (wheels) pos.11, which are installed on the power brackets pos.10, as well as with lifting arms pos.12 (both removable and non-removable). The number of rollers and handles - 1 ... 4 pcs.

In order to increase the strength and rigidity of the absorber, item 1, the ability to vary its dimensions without changing the basic manufacturing, assembly and installation technology, it is made of 2 ... 20 parallel closed-section profiles (rectangular, including square, or trapezoidal, or elliptical , including round) from having high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, having a small specific gravity of an aluminum alloy with a wall thickness of 1 ... 3 mm, with a length of each profile of 0.5 ... 3.5 m (selected from the conditions of convenient transportation and mon identity at the place of use).

Absorber profiles pos. 1 from both ends are joined by flanges pos. 4. At the same time, mounting gaps are made between the ends of the profiles and the counter surface of the flange in the range 0.2 ... 3.0 mm, which are subsequently filled with high-temperature (withstanding the "dry" heating of the water heater) adhesive sealant. This connection makes it technologically easy to obtain a high-quality tight joint with high strength and resistance to thermal cycling, regardless of the number of profiles of the absorber (see figure 3) and thereby significantly reduce its cost compared to welded and soldered structures.

The intensification of water heating pos.8 can be achieved by placing removable or non-removable screens pos.13 inside the absorber profiles pos.1 (experimentally confirmed for exposure time up to several hours). In this case, due to the low speeds of movement of the working fluid in the capacitive heater, the presence of screens pos.13 will have little effect on the overall hydraulic resistance of the liquid circuit of the device.

With the goal of many years of trouble-free operation of the water heater in conditions of intense insolation, mutual compliance of the temperature expansion of its elements, rational lightening of the design and assembly conditions of the product, optimization of the used process equipment park, the body of item 2 of the water heater is drawn from aluminum alloy profiles. Between the body profiles pos.2 and the absorber pos.1, a layer of heat-resistant thermal insulation pos.6 is placed (for example, mineral wool or polyurethane foam). Heat-resistant thermal insulation pos.6 is also located in the space between the absorber pos.1 and the bottom pos.14 of the housing. At the same time, structurally rigid thermal insulation pos.6 can be fixed on the bottom of pos.14 according to the so-called type. sandwich panels (see figure 2).

To maximize the solar radiant flux, on the absorber pos.1 - the aperture of the light window should be at least 90% of the illuminated front side of the water heater. Based on the experience of operating experimental samples, the air gap between the front side with a selective coating of pos. 7 of the absorber pos. 1 and the translucent fence pos. 3 is selected in the range of 3 ... 50 mm. In this case, the translucent fence pos. 3 is made of silicate glass with a thickness of 2 ... 10 mm or of a lighter and lower heat loss cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of 4 ... 12 mm (the indicated thickness of the translucent fence with a slight weakening of the radiant flux is sufficient for operating conditions in the dimensions of the light windows structural strength and rigidity). As a promising version of the device, providing a reduction in heat loss at the transition of the translucent enclosure - absorber, transparent thermal insulation (for example, based on porous or tubular polycarbonate structures) placed in this gap (gap) can be proposed. At the same time, depending on the characteristics of transparent thermal insulation, a simple refinement of the basic structure by its tight installation in the gap is allowed.

Additionally, a solar storage tank according to the proposed technical solution can be equipped with a removable heat-insulating blanket (cover). The main purpose of a heat-insulating blanket is to reduce the heat loss of a water heater at night. Thus, the working fluid pos.8 remains heated for a long time and is suitable for domestic or industrial use (in this case, a certain analogy with a thermos is appropriate).

The creation of a solar capacitive water heater according to the proposed technical solution will allow us to switch to a new modern structural and technological appearance of the product, reduce the complexity of manufacturing, assembling and sealing flat water heaters by 10 ... 30% in both small and large-scale production while maintaining the overall high efficiency of the device .

Claims (11)

1. Solar storage tank, which includes a water tank with a selective coating of the outer surface illuminated by the sun, a heat insulating casing with a light window and a translucent fence, supply and discharge manifold pipes, characterized in that the water tank is made of 2 ... 20 parallel closed-section profiles of aluminum alloy with a wall thickness of 1.0 ... 3.0 mm, with a length of each profile of 0.5 ... 3.5 m, the profiles are combined from both ends with flanges combined with the inlet and outlet channels for each profile and a supply and return header pipes, wherein between the ends of the profiles and flanges formed in gaps of 0.2 ... 3.0 mm, are filled with high temperature adhesive sealant. 2. Solar capacitive water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the profiles is made rectangular, including square. 3. Solar capacitive water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the profiles is made trapezoidal. 4. Solar storage water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the profiles is elliptical, including round. 5. Solar capacitive water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that removable or non-removable screens are placed inside the profiles. 6. The solar storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that its heat-insulating body is made of aluminum alloy profiles and a separate bottom, with internal thermal insulation between the body profiles, its bottom and water tank, with an aperture of the light window of at least 90% illuminated by the sun the surface of the body, the translucent enclosure is made of silicate glass 2 ... 10 mm thick or cellular polycarbonate 4 ... 12 mm thick, while the air gap between the water tank and the translucent enclosure is 3 ... 50 mm. 7. Solar storage tank according to any one of claims 1, 6, characterized in that the gap between the water tank and the translucent enclosure is filled with transparent thermal insulation. 8. Solar storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that its housing is equipped with adjustable or unregulated installation supports. 9. Solar capacitive water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that its body is equipped with 1 ... 4 power brackets with 1 ... 4 transport and installation rollers. 10. Solar storage water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that its body is equipped with 1 ... 4 removable or non-removable lifting arms. 11. Solar storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a removable heat-insulating blanket.

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