RU2455252C2 - Composition for producing heat- and sound-insulating material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of insulating materials and specifically to a composition for producing heat and sound-insulating material. Such material can be used, for example, for heat-insulating attic and basement floors, building faces, making heat-insulated floors, as well as for sound-insulating room partition walls, inter-storey, attic and basement floors. The composition contains a curable base, and acidic hardener, filler, a surfactant which acts as a foaming agent, and water. The curable base is 25-45% liquid sodium glass with silica modulus 2.5-4.5. The acidic hardener is an anhydride of acetic or propionic acid, or a compound selected from a group consisting of acidic potassium fluoride, acidic sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate and calcium hexafluorosilicate, and the filler is fibre materials which are not hydrolysed in alkaline conditions, with the following content of components of the composition, wt %: 25-45% liquid sodium glass with 70-85 silica modulus 2.5-4.5; acidic hardener 8.5-13.5; surfactant 0.39-1.2; filler 0.15-5.13; water - the balance.

EFFECT: high heat insulation, noise abatement, mechanical strength.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of insulating materials, and in particular to a composition for the manufacture of heat, sound insulation material. Such material can be used, for example, for thermal insulation of attic and basement floors, building facades, production of underfloor heating, as well as for soundproofing interior partitions, floor, attic and basement floors. For materials of this purpose are extremely important: indicators of combustibility and sound absorption, environmental safety, life, mechanical strength.

A known mixture (AS USSR No. 1505909, 1989) for the manufacture of heat-insulating material, including urea resin, ammonium chloride, semi-aqueous phosphogypsum, expanded polystyrene, sulfite liquor, perlite sand and water as a curable base.

However, products from this mixture with a high bulk density have low mechanical strength.

A known composition (Pat. RF No. 1834870, 1993) for the manufacture of heat-insulating material, including urea-formaldehyde resin, acidic hardener, filler, surfactant, urea, sodium silicate as a curable base.

However, the disadvantages of this composition are the relatively high water absorption of the finished products, a significant content of harmful impurities, low mechanical strength of the finished products and their low life due to aging and destruction at temperatures above 40 ° C.

Known (Pat. RF №2055820, 1996) composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating material, which is the closest in technical essence and the achieved result.

It contains the following components, wt.%:

curable base - urea-formaldehyde resin 20-65

surfactant 1-5

acid hardener 1-5

filler 5-40

plasticizer 0.2-5.0

water the rest.

As a filler, the composition contains either expanded perlite sand, or porous sands based on slag, or gypsum, or phosphogypsum, or paper sludge, or expanded clay, or wood chips, or sawdust, or sodium silicate, or their binary or ternary mixtures in a mass ratio of ingredients 1: 1.

The composition allows to obtain a stable foam mass, reduce water absorption, reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and reduce bulk density.

However, this composition has the following disadvantages:

- the release of products into the atmosphere of environmentally harmful formaldehyde, excluding their use as heat insulators in housing;

- low life of products obtained on its basis, due to aging and destruction of the polymer base;

- low fire safety characteristics of the finished insulation material;

- insufficiently high strength indicators of finished products;

- low noise absorption characteristics.

Thus, the composition for the manufacture of a material having both environmental safety, high characteristics of thermal insulation, noise absorption, fire safety, mechanical strength and durability is not known.

The inventive task was to find a composition for the manufacture of heat, sound insulating material, which would allow to obtain a material having both environmental safety, higher characteristics of thermal insulation, sound absorption, fire safety, mechanical strength and a long service life.

The problem is solved by the composition for the manufacture of heat, sound insulating material containing a curable base, an acid hardener, a filler, a surfactant that acts as a foaming agent, and water, which according to the invention contains 25-45% sodium liquid glass as a curable base with a silicate module of 2.5-4.5, as an acid hardener - acetic or propionic acid anhydride, or a compound selected from the group consisting of acid potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride syllable, sodium hexafluorosilicate and calcium hexafluorosilicate, and as filler, fibrous materials that are not hydrolyzed under silk conditions, with the following content of the components, wt.%:

25-45% sodium liquid glass with 70-85 silicate module 2.5-4.5 acid hardener 8.5-13.5 surface-active substance 0.39-1.2 filler 0.15-5.13 water rest

To ensure greater stability of the required properties of the obtained material, the composition additionally contains, as a catalyst for the chemical reactions that cause the process of curing liquid glass, complexon, for example Trilon B or iminodiacetic acid in an amount of 0.3-1.5%.

The invention allows to obtain the following advantages:

- eliminates the release of products of environmentally harmful formaldehyde;

- increases the fire safety of the finished material;

- improves noise absorption;

- increases the strength characteristics of products;

- significantly, 3 times, increases the life of the products.

To obtain the claimed composition, you can use the following substances.

As a curable base, 25-45% sodium liquid glass with a silicate module of 2.5-4.5 (GOST 13078-81) is used.

As an acid hardener, for example, acetic anhydride (GOST 21039-75), potassium fluoride (GOST 20848-75), sodium silicofluoride (TU 113-08-587-86) are used, and Trilon B (GOST 10652) is used as complexon. -73) or iminodiacetic acid.

As a non-hydrolyzable liquid glass in a solution (i.e., under alkaline conditions) fibrous material, you can use, for example, asbestos A2-A5 (GOST 12871-93), chopped basalt fiber of the brand (TU B.2.7.88 023.025-96) , fiberglass, polypropylene fiber grade BCM 12 (TU 5743-001-33181465-2006), as well as mixtures of these materials. Moreover, the ratio of components in the filler can be any and is determined only by the need to obtain the quality of finished products, determined by the specifics of the field of application of the latter.

As a surfactant, use, for example, "Flow" (TU 38-5074-87) or PO-ZA (TU 38-10923-86), or foaming agent No. 3 (TU 6-14-508-80, change No. one).

The claimed composition was obtained, for example, at atmospheric pressure and an ambient temperature of 18-35 ° C by introducing into the mixer water, a surfactant, a filler, sodium liquid glass and a hardener, vigorously mixing the components of the mixture to form a predetermined volume of foam. To obtain products, the foam was poured into molds and after 1-2 hours, the hardened products in the form of parallelepipeds 100 × 100 × 100 or 100 × 100 × 50 mm were placed in an oven, kept at 30-35 ° С until completely dry (6-8 hours )

The resulting products were tested according to GOST 17177-94, GOST 30244-94.

The life of the products was judged by the results of accelerated testing of aging samples. For this product, dimensions 100 × 100 × 100 mm were heated at a temperature of 250 ° C and t _{acceleration was} visually recorded - time (day) of either the appearance of the first crack in the sample or a decrease in the linear dimensions of the sample by 3%.

To calculate the life of products in real conditions, i.e. at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C (t _real , years), we used the thermal coefficient of the rate of destruction equal to 29.7.

The combustibility index was determined by two parameters:

1) the mass loss (in percent) of samples 400 mm long and 50 mm in diameter, maintained in a flame of a gas burner with a temperature of 800 ° C for 30 minutes;

2) an increase in flame temperature over the samples (° C).

For comparison, manufactured products from the composition of the prototype using the following components, wt.%:

urea base - urea-formaldehyde 65 KFMT-15 resin acid hardener - sulfuric acid one

Filler - a mixture including:

chopped basalt fiber four asbestos chrysotile one polyvinyl alcohol 0.2 surfactant - foaming agent one "Flow"

Plasticizer - a mixture including:

ammonium phosphate 0.5 a mixture of carboxylic acids C ₂ and C ₄ in a ratio of 1: 2 0.3 water 27

For comparison, the composition of the prototype and products from it were obtained and tested under conditions similar to the conditions for the preparation and testing of the claimed composition and products from it.

Examples of the claimed composition with different contents of various components are given in table 1.

The results of comparative tests of the compositions indicated in table 1, and compositions of the prototype are presented in table 2.

As obviously follows from the data presented, the claimed composition allows to obtain products with high quality characteristics.

Table 1 Examples of the claimed composition Components, wt.% Composition Examples one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 Sodium water glass: 25% silicate module 2.5 72 - - - - - - - - 35% silicate module 4 - 79.0 - - - - - - - 35% silicate module 3 - - - - - - - - 81.0 40% silicate module 4 - - 75.0 - - - - - - 45% silicate module 4 - - - 72.0 - - - - - 40% silicate module 3 - - - - 85.0 - - - - 30% silicate module 3 - - - - - - - 77.0 - 40% silicate module 4.5 - - - - - 70.0 - - - 40% silicate module 4 - - - - - - 78.0 - - Acid Hardener: Acetic Anhydride 11.5 8.0 8.6 - - - - - - Two-water potassium fluoride - - - 9.0 8.0 9.1 - - - Sodium silicofluoride - - - - - - 8.6 12.3 13.5 Trilon B 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Surfactant: foaming agent No. 3 0.85 0.9 1,0 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,0 0.39 0.39 Filler: asbestos A5-50 - - - - - - - 5.13 - polypropylene fiber 0.15 - - - - - - - 0.16 polypropylene fiber + asbestos A5-50 - 2,4 - - - - - - - chopped basalt fiber - - 2.7 - - - - - - polypropylene fiber + chopped basalt fiber 2: 8 - - - 2,4 - - - - - polypropylene fiber + chopped basalt fiber 4: 6 - - - - 3.0 - - - - polypropylene fiber + chopped basalt fiber 6: 4 - - - - - 3.0 - - - polypropylene fiber + chopped basalt fiber 8: 2 - - - - - - 3.4 - - Water 15.0 9.2 12.7 15.4 2,3 16.8 8.5 4.68 4.95 one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred

table 2 Qualitative indicators Name of indicator Examples one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 Prototype The allocation of formaldehyde *, mg / m ³ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 Lifetime: -t _acceleration , days 3.31 3.33 3.37 3.36 3.37 3.35 3.37 3.37 3.37 0,303 - t _real , years 98 99 100,2 99.8 100,2 99.6 one hundred one hundred one hundred 9.1 Flammability Index: - loss of mass,% four 5 four 5 four four 5 5 5 60 - temperature increase, ° С 8 eleven 10 9 eleven 10 8 12 eleven 260 Ultimate compressive strength, kPa 160 198 210 225 180 215 213 515 504 95 The coefficient of thermal conductivity, λ, W / (m · K) 0,032 0,033 0,034 0,036 0,031 0,034 0,033 0,046 0,045 0,038 Density, kg / m ³ 80 102 110 125 91 117 115 180 175 one hundred * Sanitary norm for residential premises is not more than 0.1 mg / m ³

Claims (2)

1. The composition for the manufacture of heat, sound insulating material containing a curable base, an acid hardener, a filler, a surfactant acting as a foaming agent, and water, characterized in that it contains 25-45% sodium liquid as a cured base glass with a silicate module of 2.5-4.5, as an acid hardener - acetic or propionic acid anhydride, or a compound selected from the group consisting of potassium hydrogen fluoride, acid sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate and ltsiya hexafluorosilicate, and as filler - non-hydrolysable under alkaline conditions fibrous materials with the following composition Component Content, wt.%:
25-45% sodium liquid glass with silicate module 2.5-4.5 70-85 acid hardener 8.5-13.5 surface-active substance 0.39-1.2 filler 0.15-5.13 water rest 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises complexon, for example Trilon B or iminodiacetic acid in an amount of 0.3-1.5%.