RU2455094C2 - Method of forming articles from light alloys and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises placing round billet into container working sleeve, pressing it out, moulding and separating product from moulding residue. Higher plastic characteristics are ensured by use of composite female die made up of two opposed inserts arranged in lengthwise grooves of said working sleeve and elements jointed therewith and arranged on female die holder. In placing said billet is center by working sleeve while, in pressing-out, it is moulded with possibility to detach the product from moulding residue. Proposed device comprises fluted table to feed billet on moulding arbor and tool with variable-section forming channel. Device incorporates centering tools having front, inner and outer side surfaces to interact with billet and sleeve sidewalls. Said table is provided with support rules to interact with centering tool and container end face. Device has jaws to grip product in detaching it from moulding residue.

EFFECT: higher quality, expanded performances.

2 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The proposed solution relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be applied in mechanical engineering and metallurgical industry.

Known tools for the manufacture of products of variable cross section by extrusion pressing with metal backflow (SU 1519811 В21С 23/20, 1433516 В21С 23/20). Distinctive features of the tools is that the matrix is made of two pairs of oppositely placed elements, one of which is installed on the matrix holder, and the elements of the other pair are wedge-shaped and fixed in the container sleeve and, in addition, the matrix holder is made with a through diametrical groove for the passage of inserts.

Also known are tools for extruding products of variable cross section by the direct method of metal outflow (SU 1447466 В21С 23/00, 1523208 В21С 23/20). These tools also have a composite matrix made of two pairs of oppositely placed elements, one of which is installed on the matrix holder, and the elements of the other pair - inserts have a variable cross section, are connected with the press stamp and can be moved in the grooves of the matrix holder.

Tools allow you to press large-sized products of variable cross-section, such as channels, I-beams, press strips and others.

The use of such products instead of products of constant cross-section allows to reduce the metal consumption of structures by 30-50%.

However, the use of tools is associated with the need to use blanks of variable cross-section. This requires additional costs for their manufacture, which inhibits their use.

It is also known that when extruding aluminum alloy profiles, mainly circular round billets are used, the dimensions of which are standardized in accordance with the dimensions of the container bushings (see M.Z. Yermanok, V.I. Feigin, N.A. Sukhorukov "Profile pressing from aluminum alloys ”Moscow, Metallurgy 1977 p.95, 100).

It is also known that when extruding the ending profiles from cast billets, small hoods along the ending part can significantly reduce its plastic characteristics. In order to increase the plastic characteristics of the ending, preliminary pressing-under-pressing of the ingot in a smooth cylindrical sleeve of the container is carried out with the profile matrix installed, i.e. with a minimum section of a point with a degree of deformation of 30-40% (see ibid. p. 101). The higher the degree of deformation, the greater the difference between the diameters of the sleeve and the workpiece. Therefore, the operation is carried out by a direct method of pressing in the presence of significant eccentricity between the axes of the sleeve and the workpiece using a monolithic press stamp.

However, such a scheme for pressing blanks in tools SU 1519811, SU 1433516, having an elongated matrix holder with a longitudinal groove and a sleeve with inserts, cannot be applied because of the danger of destruction of the matrix holder when it is eccentrically compressed during compression, as well as premature expiration of the press material through the maximum point matrices.

In addition, the separation of products pressed in the reverse way from the press residue is associated with certain difficulties (see instructions p. 132, Fig. 58).

In the tools SU 1447466, SU 1523208, which have inserts fixed on the press stamp and located while pressing the workpiece in the sleeve, the indicated pattern of pressing, if there is an eccentricity between the axes of the press stamp and the workpiece, also cannot be used because of the possibility of breaking the attachment of the inserts and premature expiration of the press material through the maximum cross section of the matrix point.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution consists in eliminating the noted drawbacks that hinder the implementation of these tools, and ensuring the manufacture of round cross-section products from blanks, increasing their plastic characteristics, as well as the possibility of separating the product from the press residue by tearing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of extruding products with variable cross-sectional dimensions, including the use of a round billet, installing it in the container working sleeve, pressing the workpiece, pressing the product, separating the product from the press residue, according to the invention, a tool with a forming channel of variable cross section is used formed by inserts placed in the sleeve and mating parts of the matrix mounted on a matrix holder with a longitudinal groove; when installing, the workpiece is centered t along the working sleeve, and when extruding, a variable section of the workpiece is formed, from which the product is pressed with variable cross-sectional dimensions, while providing the ability to separate the product from the press residue by tearing.

And in the device for implementing the method, comprising a table-tray for supplying blanks to the pressing axis and a tool with a forming channel of variable cross-section, according to the invention, the device is equipped with centering tools having end surfaces interacting with the ends of the workpiece, as well as internal and external lateral surfaces mating respectively, with the side surface of the workpiece and the side surface of the sleeve, and in the table-tray, support rulers are mounted with the possibility of axial movement to accommodate bottom centering tool. In addition, the device is equipped with clamping jaws for fixing the product when it is separated from the press residue by tearing.

Distinctive features of the proposed method is that they use a tool with a forming channel of variable cross section, formed by inserts placed in the sleeve and mating parts of the matrix mounted on a matrix holder with a longitudinal groove, during installation, the workpiece is centered on the working sleeve, and when pressed, a variable section of the workpiece is formed , from which the product is pressed with variable cross-sectional dimensions, while providing the ability to separate the product from the press residue by tearing.

Distinctive features of the proposed device is that the device is equipped with centering tools having end surfaces that interact with the ends of the workpiece, as well as internal and external lateral supporting surfaces, mating respectively with the side surface of the workpiece and the side surface of the sleeve, and installed in the table-tray axial movement of the support rulers to accommodate the front centering tool, and, in addition, the device is equipped with clamping jaws for fixing Nia product when separated from the press residue by separation.

The invention is illustrated by figures 1 to 7, which depict the position of the tool setup during the implementation of technological operations of the method in order of priority.

Figure 1 - initial position before installing the workpiece in the working sleeve, a vertical longitudinal section.

Figure 2. - installation of the workpiece into the sleeve, the pressing of the workpiece of circular circular cross section and the formation of the workpiece of variable cross section.

Figure 3 - removal of the container, cleaning the rear centering tool, installing the elements 5 on the matrix holder 3 before pressing.

Figure 4 - the end of the pressing of the product, the beginning of the firmware press balance.

Figure 5 - firmware press residue and the separation from him of the pressed product, cleaning the product.

6 - promotion of the container - the release of the press residue from the sleeve, the removal of the tube.

Fig.7 - separation of the press residue from the elements 5.

The following figures depict:

Fig.8 is a planned longitudinal section aa in Fig.1.

Fig.9 is a section bB in Fig.3.

Figure 10 - section bb in figure 1.

11 is a section GG in figure 1.

Fig - section DD in Fig.1.

Fig - separation of the press residue with a hydraulic knife (possible).

Fig - working sleeve and its contents at the end of pressing.

Fig - planned longitudinal section EE in Fig. The moment of separation of the product 21 from the press residue 20.

Fig - design of a centering tool (option).

The figures show the details of the tool: container 1, working sleeve 2, matrix holder 3 with a through longitudinal groove 4. The matrix is made up of two pairs of oppositely placed elements: elements 5 are mounted on the matrix holder 3, and elements 6 are made in the form of inserts of variable cross section and are fixed in longitudinal grooves 7 in the sleeve 2. The plug 8 is mounted on a movable traverse of the press, on which a device with a piercing rod 9 is mounted to separate the product from the press residue 20. With a relative movement of elements 5 and 6 ormuetsya variable section. The following are indicated: table-tray 10, support rulers 11 placed in the grooves 12, support 13, centering tool - centering press washer 14, front centering tool 15, gasket 16, knife 17, clamping jaw 18, workpiece 19, press balance 20, product 21.

⌀ D _s - the diameter of the workpiece,

⌀ D _in - the diameter of the sleeve.

The method is carried out using the tool according to SU 1519811 and a piercing device for separating the product from the press residue as follows (example).

The tool, prepared for work, lead to its original position, shown in figure 1. At the same time, a centering tool is installed on the end face of the matrix holder 3 — a centering press washer 14 connecting the upper and lower parts of the matrix holder, which improves its longitudinal stability. The tool has end surfaces that interact with the ends of the matrix holder and the workpiece. At the bottom, the tool has lateral supporting surfaces for interaction with the lateral surfaces of the workpiece and the sleeve. The tool provides: centering, upsetting and holding the workpiece on the axis of the press, eliminates the expiration of the press material when the workpiece is upset.

To prevent deformation of the matrix holder from the mass of the workpiece, a support 13 is provided. Support lines 11 are extended from the grooves 12 of the table-tray 10 and a centering tool 15 is installed on them. It, like the tool 14, has end surfaces interacting with the end face of the workpiece and the surface of the tube 8, as well as lateral supporting surfaces interacting with the side surfaces of the workpiece and the sleeve. The height of the end surface of the tool 15 is limited by the liners 6 and the piercing rod 9. The vertical axis of the table-tray, the working sleeve and the matrix holder are in the same vertical plane. The axis of the matrix holder and the sleeve are on the axis of pressing. To prevent sticking of the press material of the workpiece to the cork 8, a gasket 16 can be installed on it.

Prepared for pressing the preform 19 _of diameter ⌀D mounted on the tray 10. In this case, the ends of the blank lie on the internal support surfaces 14 and instruments 15, certain _of ⌀ D. The workpiece is located on the axis of the pressing (figure 10, 11, 12). Next, push the container onto the workpiece. Having reached the workpiece, the end face of the sleeve 2 abuts against the support rulers 11 and moves them in the grooves 12. In this case, the tool 15 enters the sleeve and, with its external supporting surface, designated ⌀ D _c, lies on the surface of the sleeve. The tray-table 10 is removed and the container continues to move until the external abutment surface ⌀ D of _the tool 14 enters the sleeve. In this case, the workpiece can be partially symmetrically deformed by the inserts 6. The workpiece is centered and mounted on the pressing axis. The support 13 is removed. The container is pushed and, resting the stopper 8 on the tool 15, the workpiece is upset by the tool 14.

Since the sediment is produced strictly along the axis of the press, this creates a symmetrical axial load on the upper and lower parts of the matrix holder, which increases the reliability and safety of its operation. When this workpiece is deformed uniformly and symmetrically fills the cavity of the working sleeve, which allows you to get from a round cast billet with a diameter of ⌀ D _c workpiece with a diameter of ⌀ D _in with variable cross-sectional sizes and a higher level of plastic characteristics (figure 2, 9).

Further:

The movable traverse and the container are removed from the matrix holder, the tool 14 is removed and the matrix elements 5 are installed on the matrix holder (Fig. 3).

Further:

The container is pushed onto the die holder and the product is pressed (end of pressing, beginning of flashing of the press residue 20 (Fig. 4).

Further:

The press residue is flashed and the product 21 is separated from it, the product is removed from the axis of the press (Fig. 5).

The movable traverse with the stopper is removed, the piercing rod 9 is removed into the stopper, the container is advanced to the matrix holder and the press residue with tool 15 and gasket 16 is pulled out of the sleeve (Fig. 6).

Separate the press residue from the elements 5 with a hydraulic knife 17 (Fig.7).

If the press does not have a piercing device, then the separation of the press residue can also be performed with a hydraulic knife 17 (Fig.13). In addition to these known methods of separating products from the press residue, a method for separating products from the press residue of products of variable cross section by tearing off is provided. The method is illustrated in Fig.14 and 15.

To do this, on the inserts 6 behind the working section of the profile - R.U.P., forming a variable cross-section of the product, in the area of the press residue perform the separation section UO, which forms the minimum separation section - b _min . The device is equipped with a clamping jaw 18 to capture the maximum cross section of the product 21. The separation is performed using a power drive acting in the direction of the arrow, or by fixing the sponge on the exit table of the press using the drive movement of the container. The separation of the product occurs in a minimum section b _min .

The proposed technical solution can be used when pressing products with direct metal flow and using tools SU 1441466, SU 1523208. For this, the liners mounted on the press stamp are placed in the sleeve, and then, similarly to the described, the workpiece with centering tools is mounted on the tray table and the sleeve is pulled container with liners installed in it on the workpiece, centering it on the sleeve. Then carry out the described operations.

Thus, the technical solution allows the use of tools with a forming channel of variable cross-section and standardized workpieces of circular cross-section, while ensuring a symmetrical installation and their upsetting in the working sleeve, increasing work safety and forming workpieces with variable cross-sectional sizes, pressing from them variable-section products with improved mechanical properties and structure, as well as the ability to separate products from the press residue by tearing.

Claims (2)

1. The method of pressing products from light alloys, including installing a round billet in the working sleeve of the container, pressing, pressing the product, separating the product from the press residue, characterized in that the pressing is carried out using a composite matrix formed by two pairs of oppositely arranged elements in the form inserts placed in the longitudinal grooves of the working sleeve and the elements mating with them mounted on a matrix holder with a longitudinal groove, when installing the workpiece on a press axis, I center the workpiece Working on the hub, while the breakup molded blank from which the product is compressed, providing a separation product from the residue by press or hydraulic separation and piercing knife. 2. A device for pressing products from light alloys, containing a container with a working sleeve, a forming matrix, a matrix holder, a cork, an axial movement drive of the workpiece, a tray-table for feeding the workpiece to the press axis, a mechanism for separating the product from the press residue, characterized in that the matrix made of a composite formed by two pairs of oppositely arranged elements in the form of inserts placed in the longitudinal grooves of the working sleeve and the elements mating with them mounted on a matrix holder with a longitudinal groove, The tool is equipped with centering tools having end surfaces interacting with the ends of the workpiece, as well as internal and external side surfaces, mating respectively with the side surface of the workpiece and the sleeve, and support bars for axial movement are installed in the table-tray with the possibility of axial movement, while on the liners behind the product-forming surfaces in the region of the press residue, surfaces are formed that form a minimum tear-off section, allowing the product to separate from the press residue by separation.

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