RU2450246C2 - Method for flight simulation of manual visual landing of aeroplane on object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves measuring motion parameters of an airplane and its position relative the ground; forming an image of a virtual object on the pilot display unit; manual visual airplane control when landing on the virtual object using its image and the landing display system on the pilot display unit; flying on the virtual glide path by controlling angular position and the indicated airspeed of the airplane until the path of the tail hook cross the virtual object in the zone of allowable deviation from the calculated point of touching the virtual object, as well as recording motion parameters of the airplane relative the virtual object and the ground. Using an on-board digital computer, the initial position of the virtual object at the required altitude is set, the velocity vector of the virtual object is calculated, the position of the virtual object and the landing display system relative the ground and relative the airplane is determined and the image of the virtual object with the landing display system is formed on the pilot display unit.

EFFECT: high safety and cutting the duration and costs of flight training and flight processing of aircraft sensitivity when landing on an object, for example a ship.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of research of stability, controllability and dynamics of aircraft landing and can be used in instrumentation of aircraft to increase safety and reduce the time and cost of flight training and flight testing of aircraft controllability when landing on an object - a runway or a ship .

A known method of flight modeling of manual visual landing on runways by simulating the so-called "landing on a cloud", published in the article "Sukhoi Superjet-100 aircraft made a second flight", RIA Novosti, 05/05/2008 and in the authors' book Bliznyuk V., Vasiliev L., Vul V. et al. The Truth About Supersonic Passenger Aircraft, Moscow Worker Publishing House, 2000

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of an objective assessment of the accuracy of landing and the mismatch of cloud shapes and full-scale runways.

A known method of flight simulation of manual visual landing of an airplane on a runway, based on visual control of the aircraft using the image of a virtual runway formed on the pilot's indicator of a pilot — a multifunctional indicator — using an on-board computer (BCM) and combined in space with a real runway based on information obtained from the satellite system for measuring the coordinates of the aircraft and the aerodrome runway. (See Description of the invention to Patent 2297596.)

The disadvantage of this method of flight simulation of landing is the need to use full-scale airfield landing systems, the difficulty of ensuring the safety of training during landing in difficult conditions, as well as the low probability of implementing the desired weather conditions for landing.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method of flight simulation of manual visual landing on an object, providing flight training for piloting and testing the handling characteristics of the aircraft at the required height exceeding the nominal height of the object, without using full-scale landing systems of the object.

The technical result is an increase in safety and a significant reduction in the time and cost of flight training and flight testing of controllability of aircraft during landing on an object (runway or ship) in difficult conditions (mountain airfield, strong wind, large rolling of the ship, failures).

The objective and technical result are achieved by the fact that in the method of flight simulation of manual visual landing of an aircraft on an object, including measuring the parameters of the aircraft’s movement and its position in space relative to the ground, image formation on the flight indicator - an indicator on the windshield or a multifunctional indicator - a virtual object with a system landing indications, visual control of the aircraft when landing on a virtual object using its image on the pilot's pilot indicator, reg using the on-board digital computer to set the airplane’s motion parameters relative to the virtual object and the ground, set the initial position of the virtual object at the required height exceeding the nominal height of the object’s location, calculate the velocity vector of the virtual object by adding the velocity vector of the object with the difference between the plane and instrument velocities of the airplane and determine the parameters characterizing the position of the virtual object and the landing indication system relative to the ground and relative to itself summer, which are used for imaging the virtual object display system with landing on a pilot flight director display.

To ensure flight simulation of landing in the presence of wind relative to the object, the vector of wind speed relative to the object is added to the velocity vector of the virtual object.

List of figures in the drawings

Figure 1 illustrates a method of flight simulation of manual visual landing on an object at an elevated height in the case when the object is a ship, where

1 - plane

2 - ship

3 - indicator on the windshield,

4 - 3-dimensional graphic image,

5 - virtual ship,

6 - virtual landing indication system,

7 - on-board digital computer,

8 - velocity vector of a virtual ship,

9 - ship speed vector

10 - vector ground speed of the aircraft,

11 - the vector of the instrument speed of the aircraft,

12 - satellite system for measuring the coordinates of the aircraft,

13 - on-board system for measuring the angular position of the aircraft,

14 - virtual landing glide path,

15 - virtual trajectory of the brake hook,

16 - brake hook

17 - virtual zone of permissible deviations of the touch point of the deck,

18 - landing glide path,

19 - landing indication system,

20 - trajectory of the brake hook,

21 - zone of permissible deviations of the touch point of the deck,

22 - vector of wind speed relative to the ship,

Figure 2 shows the image of the ship and landing indication system - deck optical landing system, formed on the indicator on the windshield, where

23 - 3-dimensional graphic image of a virtual ship,

24 is an image of a virtual deck optical landing system,

25 - the line of the natural horizon.

The flight simulation method for manual visual landing of airplane 1 on ship 2 with a landing indication system is based on the formation of a pilot indicator 3 — an indicator on the windshield or multi-function indicator — a 3-dimensional graphic image 4 of a virtual ship 5 with a virtual landing indication system 6 by calculating on-board digital computer 7 of the position of the virtual ship 5 relative to the earth, determined on the basis of the velocity vector of the virtual ship 8, calculated as the sum of the vectors and the speed of the ship 9 and the difference of the vectors of the ground and instrument speeds 10 and 11 of the airplane 1, as well as by calculating the position of the virtual ship 5 and the virtual landing indication system 6 relative to the airplane 1, the coordinates of which relative to the ground are determined by the satellite coordinate measurement system of the airplane 12, and the angular position which is determined using the on-board system for measuring the angular position of aircraft 13. The initial position of the virtual ship 5 is set at the required height exceeding the nominal height of the ship 2. Use Using the 3D graphic image 4 of the virtual ship 5 and the virtual landing indication system 6, the pilot performs manual visual control of the landing on the virtual ship 5 by flying along the virtual glide path 14 by controlling the angular position and instrument speed of the aircraft 11 until the intersection of the brake hook trajectory 15 with the landing deck of the virtual ship 5 in the zone of permissible deviations from the calculated touch point of the virtual deck 17, which is achieved by modeling the landing of aircraft 1 on ship 2, nyaemoy by glidepath flight display system 18, landing 19, providing the intersection of the trajectory brake hook 20 in the ship's deck 2 the tolerance zone of the calculated point of tangency of the deck 21.

The process of changing the motion parameters of the aircraft relative to the virtual ship and the earth is recorded in the on-board digital computer 7.

To ensure flight simulation of landing in the presence of wind relative to ship 22, the velocity vector of wind relative to ship 22 is added to the speed vector of virtual ship 8.

To ensure the similarity of short-period aircraft movement during flight simulation of landing at an elevated height and during a real landing, the control speed of the aircraft 11 is controlled by the law used for a real landing on a ship.

In flight simulations at elevated altitudes, the ground speed of aircraft 10 exceeds the instrumental speed of 11 (~ 30% at an altitude of 5000 meters). Therefore, in flight simulation of landing at an elevated height, the trajectory of the aircraft relative to the ground is noticeably different from the trajectory of normal landing. To ensure the similarity of the trajectory movement of the aircraft 1 relative to the virtual ship 5 during flight simulation at high altitude, the following algorithms are used when calculating the velocity vector of the virtual ship 8:

,

,

,

,

- вектор скорости виртуального корабля 8,Where

is the velocity vector of the virtual ship 8,

- вектор скорости корабля 9,

- ship speed vector 9,

- вектор путевой скорости самолета 10,

- vector ground speed of the aircraft 10,

- вектор приборной скорости самолета 11.

- the vector of the instrument speed of the aircraft 11.

The calculations and simulations on the flight bench confirmed the effectiveness of using the proposed algorithms to ensure the similarity of aircraft movement relative to the virtual ship during flight simulation of landing on a ship and runway in a wide range of heights.

In order to assess the possibility of visual landing control using a monochrome image of a virtual ship on an indicator on the windshield, a simplified image of the ship was developed, and a calculation program was developed at the TsAGI aerobatic bench PS-10M, which provides the formation of a 3D graphic image of the virtual ship 23 and virtual landing indication systems 24, which the pilot uses to visually control the landing together with the image of the natural horizon line 25.

The simulation of landing on a ship with the participation of test pilot S.N. Melnikov and ship pilot S.G.Rasskazov conducted at the PS-10M flight bench showed that with the adopted law of motion of a virtual ship and maintaining the law of control of the instrument airspeed of aircraft 1, the controllability is practically ensured aircraft and landing accuracy from altitude in flight simulation of landing at altitudes up to 5000 m. It is shown that the accuracy of visual landing using a simplified monochrome image of the ship and detailed color images of the ship does not differ by more than 10 percent.

With the proposed method of flight simulation of landing on a ship at an elevated height without using full-scale landing systems, the safety and autonomy of flight tests is increased, which allows several times the number of landings performed in one flight compared to the conventional method of boarding a ship. At the same time, the gradual complication of the piloting task during training can be ensured, which also increases the safety of flight training.

Currently, the management of TsAGI NIO-15 has included this proposal in a plan for joint work with industry.

Claims (2)

1. A method of flight simulation of a manual visual landing of an aircraft on an object, including measuring the parameters of the aircraft’s movement and its position relative to the ground, forming an image on the pilot's indicator - an indicator on the windshield or a multi-function indicator - a 3D graphic image of a virtual object with a landing indication system, displaying the position of the aircraft relative to the virtual landing glide path, manual visual control of the aircraft when landing on a virtual object using By displaying its image and the landing indication system on the pilot's indicator, flying along a virtual glide path by controlling the angular position and instrument speed of the aircraft to the intersection of the brake hook trajectory with a virtual object in the zone of permissible deviations from the calculated touch point of the virtual object, as well as registration of aircraft motion parameters relative to the virtual object and the earth, characterized in that using the on-board digital computer set the initial position of the virtual of the object at the required height exceeding the nominal height of the object, calculate the velocity vector of the virtual object by adding the velocity vector of the object with the difference between the vectors of the ground and instrument speeds of the aircraft and determine the parameters characterizing the position of the virtual object and the landing indication system relative to the ground and relative to the aircraft, which are used to form an image of a virtual object with a landing indication system on the pilot's pilot display. 2. The method of flight simulation of manual visual landing of an aircraft on an object according to claim 1, characterized in that to ensure flight simulation of landing in the presence of wind relative to the object, the vector of wind speed relative to the object is added to the velocity vector of the virtual object.

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