RU2558524C1 - Method of aircraft position indication to pilot relative to specified glide path at ship landing approach - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: mutual position of an aircraft and a ship is determined by means of a global or ship's positioning system and an onboard digital computing system. Magnified images of a virtual ship and a virtual optic landing system are shaped and displayed on the indicator on the windscreen or on a multi-purpose indicator in the cabin in order to determine deviations as to altitude relative to glide path and lateral deviation relative to the axis of the landing deck till the zone of observability of the stationary real optic landing system is reached. With that, magnification depends on the distance to the ship and can be controlled by the pilot. The aircraft control is performed by means of control levers in the same way as at close distance to the ship.

EFFECT: safe landing of the aircraft on a small-size landing runway of the ship.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of instrumentation of aircraft (LA) and stability studies, controllability and dynamics of aircraft landing and can be used to improve flight safety when landing on small runways (runways), a ship or a floating platform.

One of the ways to manually land on a ship is to control the aircraft using signals from visual optical landing systems. To ensure landing on aircraft carriers in the United States, visual landing systems have been developed that provide the pilot with information about the position of the aircraft in the vertical and horizontal planes relative to a given glide path. These visual landing systems have different reach ranges to the ship.

In the near zone (at a distance from 0 to 0.75 ... 1.25 nautical miles), well-proven optical landing systems (OSB) such as FLOLS (Improved Fresnel Lens Optical Landing System) or IFLOLS (Improved Fresnel Lens Optical Landing System) are used. At a great distance, the SIR signal is poorly distinguishable. In the far zone (at a distance of 4 to 10 nautical miles), LGI (Laser Glideslope Indicator) systems are used, which provides the pilot with color information about the aircraft’s vertical position, and LCL (Laser Centerline Localizer), which provides the pilot with color information about the aircraft’s position in the horizontal plane. In the middle zone (at a distance from 0.75 ... 1.25 to 4 nautical miles), Fore & Aft (Laser Glideslope Indicator) systems are offered, which provides the pilot with color information about the aircraft’s vertical position, and CrossBar, which provides the pilot with color and positional information about the position of the aircraft in the horizontal plane. (1. Navy Test Lasers To Help Carrier Pilots, Bruce D. Nordwall / Naval Air Engineering Center, Lakehurt, NJ, 2. Beyond the lens, By Commander Frank G. Pfeiffer, US Navy).

The Russian ship uses the Luna-3 optical landing system, which includes both the positional principle of indication and color and provides the pilot with information about the position of the aircraft in a vertical plane. This system provides manual landing of the aircraft from a distance of 2000 ... 2500 m.

In the near zone, the pilot estimates his position in the horizontal plane by the apparent configuration of the position of the center line of the landing deck and the vertical line located on the aft section of the ship. This principle of indicating lateral deviation of an aircraft from a given glide path is applied both when landing on foreign and domestic aircraft carriers. In Russian carrier-based aviation, there are no visual systems providing the pilot with information about his position relative to a given glide path at a distance of more than 2000 ... 2500 m. The pilot is guided either by navigation systems, or by speech signals of the head of the visual landing.

The disadvantages of the above foreign systems operating at a distance of more than 2000 m include the presence of only the color coding of the signal, the need to reorient the pilot from the color coding to the position-color coding of the IFOLS type OSB when approaching the ship.

Recently, much attention has been paid to the display of the runway on the indicator screen on the windshield (ILS) using the means of global positioning of objects (GPS, GLONASS, etc.).

There is a known method of displaying an indicator on the windshield (HUD - head-up-display) of the external environment, which is designated SVS (Synthetic Vision System) in foreign literature, (see NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Added to NTRS: 2007-06-08, Document ID: 20070018289 Author (s): Lawrence J. Prinzel III., Lynda J. Kramer, and Randall E. Bailey, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, Going Below Minimums: The Efficacy Of Display Enhanced / Synthetic Vision Fusion for Go-Around Decisions During Non-Normal Operations). This display method is designed to provide the pilot with information about his position relative to the runway and landing glide path and other objects in conditions of poor visibility and is based on the image formation of these objects on the HUD (i.e., on the ILS) or other flight indicator using an on-board computer ( BTsVM) and combined in space with a real runway based on information received from systems for measuring the coordinates of an airplane and an aerodrome runway, for example, a satellite-based global positioning system (GPS). The disadvantage of such a system for indicating the external situation is the difficulty of the pilot's perception of the image at a considerable distance of the aircraft from such objects as the ship and the optical landing system and the formation of control actions on their basis.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method of indicating to the pilot about the position of the aircraft relative to the given glide path when approaching the ship, providing the pilot on the ILS with information about the position of the aircraft relative to the landing glide path at a distance from the aircraft, significantly exceeding the range of visibility of standard visual landing systems and the runway or ship itself . In this case, the information to the pilot on the ILS is identical to the information of standard visual landing systems located on the runway or ship, and observed by the pilot at a distance of less than one kilometer.

The technical result is to increase the safety of landing on a small runway or ship, ensuring that the aircraft enters the signal range of standard visual ship landing systems, landing in difficult weather conditions when the visibility of a small runway or ship and standard visual landing systems is poor, the development of an information frame for ILS or MFI at landing on a small runway or ship.

The task and the technical result are achieved by the fact that in the method of indicating to the pilot about the position of the aircraft relative to the given glide path when approaching the ship, based on determining the position of the aircraft and the ship using a global or local ship positioning system and forming on the indicator on the windshield or multifunctional indicator of a virtual ship and optical landing system, based on the images of which the pilot controls the aircraft by moving the control levers and displays the aircraft in the observability zone of a regular real optical landing system, using the on-board digital computer determine the relative position of the aircraft and the ship, calculate the position of the virtual ship, increase its size compared to the real ship, calculate the signal of the optical system landing relative to a real ship, form enlarged images of a virtual ship and a virtual optical landing system and display they are displayed on the indicator on the windshield or on the multi-function indicator in the cockpit of the aircraft, the pilot clearly determines the deviation of the aircraft in height relative to the glide path and the lateral deviation in relation to the axis of the landing deck and controls the aircraft exactly as it does at a close distance from the ship, the coefficient of increase in the size of the virtual ship and the optical landing system is set as a function of the distance to the ship and the pilot at any distance from the ship and the need to adjust the zoom factor of the virtual size of the ship and throughout approach and landing pilot has to provide the same type of indication stereotype control of the aircraft.

The list of figures in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a method for indicating to a pilot the position of an airplane relative to a given glide path when approaching a ship.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram for calculating the position of a virtual ship relative to an aircraft and a real ship.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the ILS screen when landing the aircraft with the indication of the virtual ship and the optical landing system against the background of a real ship with a lateral deviation of the aircraft relative to the axis of the landing deck.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the change in the size factor of the virtual ship and the optical landing system as a function of the distance from the aircraft from the real ship.

In the figures indicated:

1 - LA

2 - ship

3 - optical landing system,

4 - virtual ship,

5 - virtual optical landing system,

6 - indicator on the windshield,

7 - multifunctional indicator,

8 - on-board digital computer,

9 - receiver satellite navigation system,

10 - axis of the landing deck of the ship,

11 - axis of the landing deck of a virtual ship,

12 - horizontal aft line of the ship,

13 - horizontal aft line of the virtual ship,

14 - vertical aft line of the ship,

15 - vertical aft line of the virtual ship,

16 - brake hook

17 - glide path brake hook,

18 is the anchor line of the virtual ship on which the plane is located, some given point on the ship and the corresponding point of the virtual ship,

19 is a vector of the position of the aircraft relative to the Earth's coordinate system,

20 is a vector of the position of the ship relative to the Earth's coordinate system,

21 is the vector of the position of the ship relative to the aircraft

22 - position vector of a virtual ship relative to the plane,

23 - position vector of a virtual ship relative to the Earth's coordinate system,

24 is a signal of a virtual optical landing system,

25 is an image of a virtual wake behind a ship.

26 - the coefficient of increase in the size of the virtual ship,

27 - the removal of the aircraft from the real ship,

28 - the removal of the aircraft from the real ship, less than which the virtual ship coincides with the real ship,

29 - correction by the pilot of the coefficient of increase in the size of the virtual ship and the optical landing system by moving the switch in the cockpit.

The method is as follows.

When making an approach to ship 2 at a distance from the ship of more than 1 ... 2 km with poor visibility of the signal of the optical landing system 3 and the visibility of the markings on the deck of the ship (axis of landing deck 10, horizontal aft line of the ship 12 and vertical aft line of the ship 14) pilot includes the operating mode of the navigation system, which corresponds to the implementation of the approach mode and landing. When the image of the virtual ship 4 and virtual optical landing system 5 appears on the indicator on the windshield 6 or the multifunctional indicator 7, the pilot determines the position of the aircraft relative to a given landing path based on the signal 24 of the virtual optical landing system 4, which corresponds to the signal of the optical landing system 3 installed on ship 2. The lateral deviation of the aircraft from the axis of the landing deck of the ship 10 pilot determines the relative position of the axis 11, the aft horizontal line 13 and the vertical line 15 vir ualnogo ship. Based on the signal 24 and lateral deviation relative to the axis of the landing deck of the ship 10, the pilot generates control deviations of the aircraft control levers. With an insufficient or excessive increase in the virtual ship 4 and the virtual optical landing system 5 relative to the ship 2 and its optical landing system 3, the pilot adjusts 29 the coefficient of increase in the size of the virtual ship 26 by moving the switch in the aircraft cabin. When approaching the ship at a clear visibility of ship 2 and the optical landing system 3 and its signal, the pilot turns off the indication of the virtual ship 4 and virtual landing system 5 on the indicator on the windshield 6. Next, the pilot controls the aircraft according to the signal of the standard optical landing system 3 and the observed markings landing deck of ship 2.

The axis of the landing deck of the virtual ship 11 is parallel to the axis of the landing deck of the real ship 10, the horizontal aft line of the virtual ship 13 is parallel to the horizontal aft line of the real ship 12, the vertical aft line of the virtual ship 15 is parallel to the vertical aft line of the real ship 14. Accordingly, the pilot can determine the lateral deviation of the aircraft relative to the axis of the landing real ship by the relative position of the axis of the landing deck 11 and the vertical stern line virtual ship 15, similarly to how it does when assessing the lateral deviation of the aircraft by the relative position of the axis of the landing deck 10 and the vertical aft line 12 at a close distance of the aircraft relative to the real ship 2.

When implementing the proposed method, the pilot generates the control actions of the aircraft with the pitch handle, observing the signal 24 of the virtual optical landing system 5, which coincides with the signal of the real optical landing system 3, and the control of the handle with the roll and pedals forms the marking of the virtual ship 4 based on the observed of images of the virtual ship 4 and optical landing system 5 on the pilot indicator 6 - indicator on the windshield or multi-function indicator 7. On-board digital computer a milk machine 8, taking into account the position vectors of the aircraft 19 and the ship 20 in the earth coordinate system, measured by a global positioning system or a ship positioning system, ship pitching, the angular position of the aircraft, the position of the pilot relative to the center of mass of the aircraft, the position of the optical landing system 3 on deck of ship 2 the slope angle of the glide path, the stabilization law and the visibility diagram of the optical landing system provides the calculation of signal 24 of the virtual optical landing system 5 and its correspondence to the signal is real second optical system 3 and landing on the screen creates a pilot flight director indicator enlarged virtual image of the ship 4 and the virtual optical system landing 5 compared to their real dimensions. The magnification level of virtual images of the ship, the optical landing system and its signal depends on the coefficient 26 and can be changed by the pilot by introducing correction 29. At a distance of about 2 km, the size of a virtual ship is more than 5 times the size of a real ship, at a distance of about 500 m match.

When calculating the position in space of a virtual ship 4 and a virtual optical landing system 5, the following algorithms are used:

Where

- вектор положения ЛА относительно земной системы координат 19,

- the vector of the position of the aircraft relative to the Earth's coordinate system 19,

- вектор положения корабля относительно земной системы координат 20,

- the vector of the position of the ship relative to the Earth's coordinate system 20,

- вектор положения корабля относительно ЛА 21,

is the vector of the position of the ship relative to the aircraft 21,

- вектор положения виртуального корабля относительно самолета 22,

is the position vector of the virtual ship relative to the aircraft 22,

- вектор положения виртуального корабля относительно земной системы координат 23,

is the position vector of the virtual ship relative to the earth coordinate system 23,

λ is the coefficient of increase in the size of the virtual ship 26,

- удаление ЛА от реального корабля 27,

- removal of the aircraft from the real ship 27,

- положение точки на реальном корабле или ВПП, к которой осуществляется привязка виртуального корабля.

- the position of the point on the real ship or runway to which the virtual ship is linked.

The proposed method of indication was tested at the TsAGI PS-10M aerobatic test bench by simulating the approach and landing of the aircraft on the deck of the ship with the virtual ship and its optical landing system displayed on an indicator on the windshield.

With the proposed method for displaying the ship and its visual landing systems, the aircraft is allowed to enter the signal range of the ship’s visual landing systems at a great distance from the ship or with poor visibility of the ship and its visual landing systems, thereby improving safety compared to currently accepted methods Indications when entering and landing on the ship.

Claims (1)

The method of indicating to the pilot the position of the aircraft relative to a given glide path when approaching the ship, based on determining the position of the aircraft and the ship using a global or ship local positioning system and forming on the indicator on the windshield or multi-function indicator a virtual ship and optical landing system, based on the images of which the pilot controls the aircraft by moving the control levers and displays the flying the apparatus in the observable area of a regular real optical landing system, characterized in that using the on-board digital computer they determine the relative position of the aircraft and the ship, calculate the position of the virtual ship, increase its size compared to the real ship, calculate the signal of the optical landing system relative to real ship, form enlarged images of the virtual ship and virtual optical landing system and display them on the indicator on the front m glass or a multifunctional indicator in the cockpit of the aircraft, the pilot clearly determines the deviation of the aircraft in height relative to the glide path and the lateral deviation relative to the axis of the landing deck and controls the aircraft exactly as it does at a close distance from the ship, while the size increase ratio the virtual ship and the optical landing system are set as a function of the distance to the ship and the pilot at any distance from the ship, if necessary, adjusts the coefficient itsient increasing the size of a virtual spacecraft and throughout the approach and landing when the pilot has the same type of indication for the stereotype of control of the aircraft.

Images