RU2447675C2 - Method of complex processing of fresh-water grass clasping-leaved pondweed (potamogeton perfoliatus) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to complex processing of fresh-water grass. Proposed method comprises processing raw stock by 1%-solution of hydrochloric acid, rinsing by water to pH 7, filtration for separation of grass bulk, extraction of pectin substances, filtration for separation of extracts by precipitation, rinsing and filtration, and drying. Note here that processing raw stock by 1%-solution of hydrochloric acid is executed at 70°C for 3 h, extraction is performed in 3 stages by 1%-solution of ammonium oxalate at 50°C, liquid module of 1:6 for 8 h. In compliance with first version, extract is precipitated by alcohol to obtain ammonium pondweed. In compliance with second version, it is precipitated by 10%-solution of hydrochloric acid to pH 2.5 to obtain eelgrass. In compliance with third version, extract is processed, after precipitation by hydrochloric acid, by 10%-solution of soda to obtain sodium pondweed obtained after filtration in first version and eelgrass. Here note that ammonium pondweed, eelgrass and sodium pondweed if rinsed by water and dried at 45°C.

EFFECT: complex processing of fresh-water grass, higher yield of pectin products.

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Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry, and in particular to the integrated processing of freshwater grass of the Volga river forefoot, of the Potamogetonaceae family in order to obtain the main product - pectin substances and by-product feed.

A known method of obtaining polysaccharides from plant materials having an immunostimulating effect, comprising treating plant materials with an aqueous solution of formalin, keeping it in acidified water at pH 3.8-4.2 and 45-52 ° C, extraction of pectin polysaccharides with an aqueous solution of ammonium oxalate, evaporation extract and processing with 96% ethyl alcohol, freeze drying. Freshly picked freshwater flowering plants, for example, any species of Lemna spp. Duckweed, or pre-ground fresh aerial parts of higher plants containing pectin polysaccharides, for example, ordinary Oberna behen (L) Ikonn (Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garke) ( RF patent No. 2149642, 2000).

However, this method does not take into account the individual natural features of freshwater grass - przedznolistnaya grass, does not provide for the treatment of the extract with acid or baking soda to obtain, depending on the purpose of the final product: rdestin or sodium rdestat. In addition, the possibility of using the grass residue for feed purposes is not considered.

A known method of processing sea grass of the family Zosteraceae (Zostera marina, Zostera pacifica Wats., Etc.) in order to obtain pectin substances, including grinding the raw material, processing it with a 3% hydrochloric acid solution at a temperature of 50 ° C for 3 hours, washing with water, extraction with 1% solution of ammonium oxalate, precipitation of zosterol with ethyl alcohol and drying of the latter (USSR AS No. 403396, 1974).

However, this method does not involve the use of freshwater raw materials. In addition, the implementation of this method requires a large consumption of ethyl alcohol without its regeneration and does not involve the use of a herbal residue after separation of the extract.

The closest in essence, adopted as a prototype, is a method for complex processing of sea grass of the Caspian Zosteraceae family (RF patent No. 2302746, 2007), including treatment with 1% hydrochloric acid solution, washing with water, filtering to separate the grass mass, extraction, filtering with the separation of extracts, sedimentation, filtration, washing, drying. The herbal residue is sent to receive feed products.

The technical task is to create a method that allows you to comprehensively process the freshwater grass of the Volga river outposts of the Potamogetonaceae family and obtain pectin products, such as rdestin, ammonium rdestate or sodium rdestate and feed products based on the grass residue, depending on the purpose.

The technical result is an improvement in the method of processing herbs and expanding the possibility of using the obtained pectin substances (rdestin, sodium rdestat, ammonium rdestat). It is achieved by the fact that the grass of the Potamogetonaceae family is treated with a 1% solution of hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 70 ° C, a hydromodule of 1:10 for 3 hours, which provides a deeper extraction of monoses and disaccharides from the raw material, washed with water to pH 7, treated in three stages a solution of 1% solution of ammonium oxalate at a temperature of 50 ° C, a hydromodule of 1: 6 for 8 hours, while the parameters and extraction modes used are more gentle and cause a high yield of the final product, the grass residue is separated from the extract by filtration and used to obtain feed products, the extract in the first embodiment is precipitated with alcohol to obtain ammonium rdestate, in the second - the extract is precipitated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution to a pH of 2.5 to obtain rdestin, and in the third case, the acidified extract is treated with a 10% solution soda to obtain sodium rdetate, washed with water, filtered, dried at a temperature of 45 ° C, which provides a better product.

The proposed method is as follows.

The raw material is treated with a 1% hydrochloric acid solution at a temperature of 70 ° C, a hydromodule 1:10 for 3 hours, washed with water to pH 7, filtered to separate acidic water from the grass mass. The herbal mass is subjected to a 3-stage treatment with a 1% solution of ammonium oxalate at a temperature of 50 ° C, a 1: 6 hydromodule for 8 hours. The extracts obtained are separated from the herbal residue by filtration. The extracts for the production of ammonium rdestate in the first embodiment are precipitated with alcohol, the alcohol-water mixture is separated by filtration. The alcohol-water mixture is sent for regeneration. In the second, to obtain rdestin, the extract is precipitated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution to pH 2.5, filtered, washed with hot water from water-soluble mineral impurities. In the third, to obtain sodium rdetate, the extract precipitated with a hydrochloric acid solution is treated with a 10% soda solution in a ratio of 2: 1. The rdestin, sodium rdestat, ammonium rdestat obtained after filtration is washed with water in a ratio of 1: 1, dried at a temperature of 45 ° C, crushed, packed and packaged. The herbal residue remaining after the isolation of pectin substances is sent to receive feed products.

Example 1

The air-dried freshwater grass of przedznolistny was treated with 1% hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 70 ° C, a water module of 1:10 for 3 hours, washed with water to pH 7 and filtered to separate acidic water from the grass mass. The herbal mass was treated with a 1% solution of ammonium oxalate at a temperature of 50 ° C, a hydromodule of 1: 6 for 8 hours. Similarly, 2, 3 stages of the extraction process were carried out. The grass residue was separated by filtration and sent for processing. To obtain ammonium rdetate, the extracts were precipitated with ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 1: 1 with stirring. The obtained gel-like precipitate of ammonium rdetate was separated by filtration from an alcohol-water mixture. The alcohol-water mixture was sent for regeneration. To obtain rdestin, the extracts were precipitated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution to a pH of 2.5 with stirring. The resulting flocculent precipitate of rdestin was separated from the acidic solution by filtration. To obtain sodium rdetate, the obtained hydrochloric acid precipitated extracts were treated with a 10% soda solution. The flaky precipitate of sodium rdetate was separated from the solution by filtration. To remove water-soluble mineral impurities, rdestin, ammonium rdestat, sodium rdestat was washed with drinking water at ambient temperature to pH 7. The resulting rdestin, sodium rstate, ammonium rdestat was dried at a temperature of 45 ° C to equilibrium humidity, ground to a particle size of 0.5 mm, Packed in paper bags and packaged. The yield of ammonium rdestate, rdestin, and sodium rdestat was 14%, 12%, and 14.5% (by weight of air-dry rdestat), respectively. The herbal residue after the extraction of pectin substances was sent to obtain feed products.

Example 2

All technological operations were carried out analogously to example 1. The resulting rdestin, sodium rdestat, ammonium rdestat was dried by spray drying at a temperature of 50 ° C, Packed in paper bags and packaged. The herbal residue after the extraction of pectin substances was sent to obtain feed products.

The proposed method for the complex processing of freshwater grass - przednosnolistny rdest allows one to obtain, according to one technology, polysaccharides sodium rdestate, ammonium rdestate or rdestin, treating the extract with alcohol, an acid solution or soda solution, and feed products from the grass residue. The obtained rdestin, ammonium rdestat and sodium rdestat are low methoxylated products with complexing properties that promote the excretion of heavy metals from the body, which leads to their use not only for food but also for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Based on rdestin, ammonium rdestate and sodium rdestat, it is possible to produce harmless biologically active additives (BAA) that increase the biological value of food products.

Claims (1)

A method for the complex processing of freshwater grass of the Volga river forefoot of the Potamogetonaceae family, including treating the raw material with a 1% hydrochloric acid solution, washing with water to pH 7, filtering to separate the grass mass, extracting pectin substances, filtering with separating extracts, sedimentation, washing with water and filtering, drying, characterized in that the treatment with a 1% solution of hydrochloric acid is carried out at a temperature of 70 ° C for 3 hours, extraction is carried out in 3 stages with a 1% solution of ammonium oxalate at a temperature of 50 ° C, hydro odul 1: 6 for 8 h, the extract in the first embodiment is precipitated with alcohol to obtain ammonium rdestate, in the second it is precipitated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution to a pH of 2.5 to obtain rdestin, in the third extract, after precipitation with hydrochloric acid, it is treated with 10% - with a sodium bicarbonate solution to obtain sodium rdetate, obtained after filtering in the first embodiment, ammonium rdetate, in the second - rdestin and in the third - sodium rdestat, washed with water, dried at 45 ° C.