RU2446666C2 - Pulling unit of flax combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for harvesting fibre-flax. The pulling unit includes a frame, rollers mounted on the frame and dividers attached to the frame. The pulling belts cover rollers and driving pulleys and round the driven pulling drums. A guide wheel is hung to the frame on a rocking bar between each driving pulley and divider. The guide disc is mounted on a rocking bar on the axis for rotation. By means of a spring acting on the rocking bar the disc is pressed to the part of the pulling belt protruding forward relative to the driven pulling drum.

EFFECT: pulling unit of a flax combine provides improvement of quality of the harvested flax.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting flax flax.

Known top-lifting apparatus flax harvesting machine [1, 2, 3], containing a frame with attached dividers and contacting top-lifting belts, covering pulleys and guide rollers forming a top-lifting stream. During the work of the top-lifting apparatus, the dividers divide the flax into strips and bring it to the belts. Belts capture plants, clamp them and, together with the movement of the machine, pull them out of the soil, and then transport the flow of plants and connect them to a tape.

Known top-lifting apparatus has the disadvantage that when it is formed, increased elongation of plants is formed in the formed ribbon. The elongation is formed due to the fact that the bars of the dividers do not tilt the flax in the same direction for direction to the topping stream. Plants located in the middle of the strip located between two adjacent dividers do not touch their rods, therefore they only bend forward, at a small angle. And the plants, which are located next to the axis of the divider, are tilted by its rods both to the side and forward, that is, to the greatest extent. Due to the different tilting of the divider rods, the plants are captured by top-lifting straps at different distances from the root neck. This is the main reason for the formation of stretched plants in the tape during operation of the well-known top-lifting apparatus. In addition, during the operation of the known apparatus, the stalks are rubbed with belts due to their slipping relative to one another in the zones of circumference of pulleys or rollers. The disadvantages of the apparatus also include the fact that it does not carry out transportation of streams of flax to the central axis of the topping apparatus.

Known top-lifting apparatus flax harvesting machine [4], which contains a frame, dividers and top-lifting sections, including leading top-lifting belts, covering driving pulleys, tension and driven deflecting rollers. In the foaming zone, the driving belts of adjacent sections bend around the driven top and bottom pulleys, mounted by means of axes on a pair of crosses fixed to the rod and forming each top-lifting element.

As stated in the description of the invention [4], due to the fact that the pulling zone in each pulling stream is equal to the sum of the clamping zones on the sections around the rubber-covered driven pulling pulleys around the belts, the total length of the pulling zone is enough to pull the flax out of the soil at any lodging, which increases reliability of the device. In this apparatus, plants after exiting the streams are reduced to its central longitudinal plane. However, the known top-lifting apparatus [4] also has disadvantages.

As can be seen in the diagram of the apparatus, the tension roller with the leading top-lifting belt covering it is located closer to the soil than the lower driven top-lifting pulley enveloped by this belt. Therefore, the conditions for tightening the plants at the mouth of the topping stream by a belt and a pulley are different, the topping belt is more active. Due to the different tightening of the plants with a belt and a pulley, the extension of the stems in the ribbon increases. The bars of the divider installed in front of the topping pulleys are longer than the bars located in front of the tension rollers. Elongated rods tilt plants to a larger angle. It also increases the extension of the stems in the ribbon.

In the well-known top-lifting apparatus [4], the zone of plant clamping between the belt and the lower top pulley along its entire length almost coincides with the longitudinal-vertical plane passing through the beginning of the clamp, and its length is not sufficient for pulling all plants directed into one stream. In this zone, only plants located in the longitudinal-vertical plane passing through the clamp point, as well as plants located next to this plane will be consumed. Most plants that are closer to the axis of the divider, tilted by its rods to a larger angle, will be fully consumed in the clamping area between the belt and the top pulley. That is, the first clamping zone does not play a significant role in the process of foaming plants. Only the second zone would be able to cope with the task of foiling all plants, if it had a sufficient length. Moreover, during the operation of the apparatus, plants that are not consumed in the first clamping zone during movement to the second clamping zone under the influence of soil slip relative to the belts by a certain amount. Plants that are worn out in the first zone of the clamp, at the time of transition to the second zone, are no longer connected to the soil, so they slip less or not slip at all relative to the belts. Due to the different slippage of the plants relative to the belts in the space of free movement of flax, that is, between the clamping zones, the extension of the stems in the tape leaving the top-lifting apparatus also increases.

Since the top pulley is located above the soil, in the process of pulling the flax, lying down in the direction of movement of the machine, it pulls the plants into the clamp less actively than the top-lifting belt. Because of this, the purity of flax flaxing is reduced.

Thus, during the operation of the known top-lifting apparatus [4] there will be an increased stretching of plants in the formed ribbon. On dead flax, when the machine moves towards the bed, the purity will be not high enough.

Known top-lifting apparatus of a flax harvesting machine [5], containing leading top-lifting belts, envelopes driven by eccentric pulleys mounted on the axis, forming two adjacent top-lifting streams in contact with the belts, characterized in that, in order to reduce damage to the stems by creating a multi-point clamp of the stems along the width of the topping belt, driven pulleys of adjacent top-lifting streams are made in the form of a set of disks, and the disks of one top-lifting brook are arranged in alternating order with respect to the disks of another learning. Positive enough in this apparatus can also be considered a sufficiently large length of the zone of clamping plants during pulling. However, during the operation of the apparatus there will be an increased stretching of the stems in the tape due to different conditions of pulling the plants into the pulverizing stream by a belt and a pulley. As a negative, it is noted the difficulty of removing possible winding stems from the space between the disks of the topping pulley and the complexity of the design of the pulleys.

The closest in technical essence and the technical tasks posed to the proposed one is the well-known top-lifting apparatus of the flax harvesting machine [6], which includes a frame, top-lifting belts covering leading pulleys and rollers mounted on the frame, driven top-lifting pulleys enveloped by top-lifting belts, and also dividers attached to the frame.

The positive is that during the operation of this known apparatus, flax plants are collected to its central longitudinal plane, and there is no slippage of belts when they clamp the flax, which contributes to grinding of the stems.

The main disadvantages of the known top-lifting apparatus of the flax harvesting machine [6] are the increased elongation of the plants in the tape formed by the apparatus and the low purity of the flax. These shortcomings occur due to different conditions of pulling plants into the top-lifting creek with a belt and a pulley, less active lifting of lodged plants with a top-lifting pulley in comparison with the belt, and most importantly - because of the insufficient length of the clamping zone of the plants during their pulling.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the extension of the stems in the tape and to increase the purity of the foaming of plants during the operation of the topping apparatus of the flax harvesting machine.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the top-lifting apparatus of the flax harvesting machine, including the frame, top-lifting belts covering the driving pulleys and rollers mounted on the frame, driven by top-lifting belts are driven by the top-lifting pulleys, as well as dividers attached to the frame, according to the invention, between the divider and each with a top pulley to the frame suspended on a rocking chair with the ability to rotate on the axis of the guide disk, and the disk acting on the rocker, spring is pressed against the part of the top belt, the protrusion forward relative to the guide pulley, with the belt portion terebilnogo against which the guide disc covers one guide roller projecting forwardly relative to the pulley or is arranged between two guide rollers covered by it, protruding forward relative to the pulley.

The technical result consists in increasing the quantity and quality of flax products obtained from a unit area of the field, harvested by the machine with the proposed device. The result is achieved by reducing the stretching of plants in the tape formed by the apparatus, and increasing the purity of flax flaxing.

Using between the divider and each pulling pulley suspended from the frame on the rocking chair, it is able to rotate on the axis of the guide disc, the disc being pressed by the spring acting on the rocking chair against the part of the top belt protruding forward relative to the pulley, while the part of the top belt to which the guide disc is pressed covers one guide roller protruding forward with respect to the pulley, or is located between two guide rollers covered by it protruding forward with respect to the pulley, improve plants will be grabbed to direct them to the topping brook and raised flax will be raised, and the plants will be prepared for pulling by pulling, straightening and reorienting along the length, in addition, the length of the clamping zone of the plants when they are pulled will increase due to the larger arc of coverage of the pulley with the topping belt .

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the top-lifting apparatus with one roller in front of the top-lifting pulley, view in the direction of the axes of the top-lifting pulleys (its first execution); figure 2 is the same side view; figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1, a side view of the pulley and the guide disk. Figure 4 shows a diagram of the top-lifting apparatus with two rollers in front of the top-lifting pulley, view in the direction of the axes of the top-lifting pulleys (its second execution); figure 5 is the same side view; Fig.6 is a section bB in Fig.4.

Figure 1 and 4 presents the right part of the top-lifting apparatus (along the machine). The left side of the device is not shown, it can be either a mirror image of the right, or a copy of it.

The top-lifting apparatus of the flax harvesting machine in both its first and second versions includes a frame 1, driving top-lifting belts 2, driven top-lifting pulleys 3 and dividers 4. Frame 1 consists of a crankcase 5 and pipes 6 of the driving shafts attached to it, side brackets 7 and the Central rod 8. Belts 2 cover the driving pulleys 9 and mounted on the brackets 7 guides 10, deflecting 11 and tensioning 12 rollers. Top-lifting belts 2 are also enveloped by top-lifting pulleys 3, which are mounted on axes in a frame 13 mounted on the rod 8. Dividers 4 are pivotally attached to the brackets 7 and the rod 8. In the crankcase 5, drive elements of the top-lifting belts 2 are located.

Between the divider 4 connected to the shaft 8 and each top pulley 3, a guide disk 15 is arranged to rotate on the axis 14. It is suspended from the rocker 16, which is an element of the frame 1, on the rocker 16. The weak 16 and strong can act on the rocker 16 18 springs. They press the disk 15 with adjustable force to the part of the topping belt 2, which protrudes forward relative to the pulley 3 when grasping one or two guide rollers 10. Between the disk 15 and the pulley 3 there are passive plant guides 19, which can be made of rods and are attached to the frame 13 .

The frame 13 consists of the lower 20 and the upper 21 beams, between them the top pulleys 3 are mounted. The lower beam is attached to the rod 8, and the upper one is attached to the lower by means of axles 22 with nuts and bearings and spacers mounted on them. A rocker 16 is attached to the upper beam 21 via a finger 23, bearing a guide disk 15. When the flow of plants between the topping belt 2 and the guide disk 15 is thickened, the rocker 16 can rotate around the finger 23. The springs 17 and 18 are returned to the former position. To prevent winding on the axis 22 of the stems, the top pulleys are closed from above by plates 24, from below the axes are protected from windings by cups 25. The guide discs 15 are protected from windings by plates 26.

The rollers 10 through the topping belt 2 direct the plants, summed up by the dividers 4, at the mouth of the topping stream. In the first version, the top-lifting device in front of the top-lifting pulley 3 has one guide roller 10, covered by a belt 2, and in the second - two. If there are guide rollers 10 in front of the top pulley 3, the arc around the pulley around the belt 2 and the length of the zone of pulling are increased.

In the first embodiment of the apparatus, the guide disk 15 along its axis 14 is made smaller in comparison with the width of the belt. This is necessary so that in the presence of one guide roller 10, the mouth of the topping stream is located as close to the soil as possible. Therefore, in the first version, the device can fumble on normal and high-stemmed, as well as the shortest-stemmed flax.

In the second embodiment, the apparatus has two guide rollers 10 and a disk 15 of greater width, while the disk is pressed against the part of the belt 2 located between the rollers 10. This makes it possible to press the guide disk 15 to the belt 2 with great effort and the formation of the angle of coverage of the disk by the belt . Therefore, the disk 15 will be able to actively lift from the soil and pass to the mouth of the topping brook and heavily laden flax.

In both versions, the proposed device will work with minimal stretching and with high purity of pulling on normal and high-stemmed flax, but it can also pull down laden and short-stemmed linen. If there are two design options in the application description, it is possible to select the top-lifting apparatus according to the specific conditions and condition of the flax.

Top-lifting apparatus flax harvester operates as follows.

Before pulling normal and tall flax, strong springs 18 are diverted from the rockers 16, and only weak 17 are used, adjusting their tension so that the guide disk 15, pressed against the belt 2 by the spring 17, rotates stably under the action of a moving belt.

When pulling normal and tall flax, the dividers 4 are separated by the stalk into strips and brought to the topping belt 2 and the rotating guide disk 15. The belt and the disk capture the flax and compress it into the stream, but with such an effort that is not enough to consume the plants. Further, the moving belt 2 and the machine carry the plants in the direction of the clamp for their pulling. In this case, the disk 15 rotates under the action of a moving stem mass and directs it to the pulley pulley 3, while simultaneously capturing new plants with its leading edge. Since the top section is tilted at an angle to the horizontal, and the clamping of the plants between the belt 2 and the guide disk 15 by the spring 17 is not enough to pull the flax out of the soil, when the machine, belt 2 and the disk 15 rotate, the plants slip relative to them, stretching and straightening. By a large amount of slip those plants that before pulling were in the longitudinally vertical plane passing through the clamp line. The same plants, which are located near the axial lines of the dividers 4 and are inclined to a greater extent, will slip relative to the belt by a smaller amount. Further, during the movement of the machine and the belt, as well as the rotating disk 15, the stream, already consisting of plants interlocked with one another, is between the belt 2 and the passive guides 19. But even in this place the plants slip relative to the belt and the passive guides 19 under the influence of the soil. Plants still stretch, straighten and reorient along the length. Thus, they are prepared for pulling. Due to this, the stretching of the plants in the stream is reduced even before clamping them for pulling between the belt and the pulley. After preparing for pulling by pulling, straightening and reorienting along the length of the plant, they approach the pulling pulley 3, are carried away by this pulley and belt 2, are clamped between them and together with the moving machine they are removed from the soil by these elements. Further, the plants that are scraped by the belt 2 and the pulley 3 are released from the clamp between them and move by inertia into the clamp between the belts 2. Plants that are scraped by the second stream of the section arrive there. The flow of plants, combined from two streams, is clamped and transported by straps 2 to the exit of the section. After this, flows from two sections of the top-lifting apparatus are connected and a tape is formed, which is sent to the subsequent organs of the machine and spread out. During the work of the proposed top-lifting apparatus there will be an increased length of the clamping zone of the plants due to the larger arc of the pulley to be covered by the belt, and their pulling is carried out in one clamp. This, as well as preparing plants for pulling, reduces the stretching of the stems in the formed tape

For pulling a laid or short-stalked linen, the top-lifting apparatus must be lowered closer to the soil. On dead flax, belt 2 and guide disk 15 should raise plants from the soil. So that with increased resistance from the plants and soil, the guide disk 15 rotates stably, before pulling the laid and short-stalked flax, it should be pressed harder to the belt 2, acting on the rocking chair 16 simultaneously with two springs 17 and 18. The force of pressing the disk 15 to the belt 2 will depend on the degree of bedding of flax

During the pulling of dead flax, the dividers 4 lift the plants from the soil and direct them to the belt 2 and the disk 15. The belt and the disk take the plants from the dividers and clamp them together. Since the top-lifting belt 2 and the guiding disk 15 are located at the same distance from the soil in the apparatus of the invention, the rise of laid-down flax will improve. When the disk 15 is pressed against the belt 2 by two springs 17 and 18, the force of pressing these elements against each other will be sufficient so that the guide disk 15 stably rotates and also lifts very lied plants from the soil. But the clamping forces of the plants and the length of the clamping zone are not enough to pull them out of the soil. Therefore, when pulling down flat flax, as well as normal, the plants will be prepared for pulling out by pulling, straightening and reorienting along the length. Next, the plants are clamped between the belt 2 and the pulley 3, together with the moving machine they are leached from the soil, connected from two adjacent streams into one stream, and then into the tape and leave the device to the subsequent organs of the machine.

Thus, when the flax harvester is working with the proposed top-lifting apparatus, the stretching of the stems in the ribbon spread by it will decrease and the purity of plant foiling will increase, that is, the quantity and quality of the harvested flax products will increase.

Information sources

1. Khailis G.A., Bykov N.N. and other flax harvesting machines. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1985.

2. Auth. St. USSR 188775, MKI A01D 45/06. Section of the top-lifting apparatus. / N.N. Bykov, A.A. Malygin, V.M. Kalugin and others No. 879371 / 30-15, decl. 11/03/1964, publ. 11/01/1966. Bull. Number 22.

3. Auth. St. USSR 1210711, MKI A01D 45/06. Section of the top-lifting apparatus. / V.M. Kalugin and V.P. Goldovich. No. 3492139 / 30-15, declared. 09/20/82, publ. 02/15/86. Bull. No. 6.

4. Auth. St. USSR 1727661, MKI A01D 45/06. Top-lifting apparatus of a flax harvesting machine. / N.N. Bykov, M.M.Kovalev et al. No. 4764413/15, decl. 12/04/90, publ. 04/23/92. Bull. No. 15.

5. Auth. St. USSR 594919, MKI A01D 45/06. Top-lifting apparatus of a flax harvesting machine. / N.N.Bykov, M.M.Kovalev et al. No. 2191984 / 30-15, decl. 11.20.75, publ. 02/28/78. Bull. No. 8.

6. French patent No. 1281756, cl. A01D, 1962.

Claims (3)

1. The pulverizing apparatus of the flax harvester, including the frame, the top-lifting belts covering the driving pulleys and the rollers mounted on the frame, the driven top-lifting pulleys enveloped by the top-lifting belts, and also the dividers attached to the frame, characterized in that between the divider and each top-lifting pulley it is suspended from the frame on the rocker is able to rotate on the axis of the guide disk, and the disk acting on the rocker spring is pressed against the part of the topping belt protruding forward relative to the pulley. 2. The top-lifting apparatus of the flax harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the top-lifting belt to which the guide disc is pressed covers one guide roller protruding forward relative to the pulley. 3. The top-lifting apparatus of the flax harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the top-lifting belt to which the guide disc is pressed is located between two guide rollers covered by it protruding forward relative to the pulley.

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