RU2443001C1 - Method for the region's ecological state data collection and an automated system of ecological monitoring and emergency monitoring of the regional environment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: fixed and mobile monitoring sites equipped with measuring instrumentations are located. Various environmental parameters are registered and subjected to analysis. More specifically, hydrophysical field signals are being registered, chemiluminescence, chromatographic, ion-selective, spectral and radiometric analysis is performed. Besides, bed acoustic impendance is registered, molecular spin interactions of seawater protons are detected, artifacts resulting from the magnetohydrodynamic, bioelectric and concentration effect are detected, synthetic surfactant content in the aquatic environment, chlorophyll concentrations, microorgasnisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton is determined. The collected data is further transferred to the archivers and modeling is performed. In the course of modeling the industrial facility environment and infrastructure is divided into a number of areas and a material balance model and a forecast model are created for each of them. For the purposes of the method implementation a system comprising a water withdrawal line equipped with hydrophysical field sensors, a filtering plant for chlorophyll concentration, a filtering plant with a Seitz funnel for microorganisms sampling, a Nageotte chamber for counting the phytoplankton content, a Bogorov Counting Chamber for enumerating zooplankton, a centrifugal apparatus to determine chlorophyll content, a geophone, spectral sensor of proton spin echo is proposed. Besides, the proposed system comprises devices for chemiluminescence, chromatographic, ion-selective, spectral and radiometric analysis, a radiation spectrometer, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, an X-ray fluorometric analyser, TV sensors, infrared sensors, heat sensors, a metrological module, a sidescan sonar, multiple-beam echo sounder, water quality evaluator by TropoSample parameters and bed deposits characteristics, a lidar (a light radar), a penetrometer, methane and hydrogen detection sensors.

EFFECT: enhanced functional capabilities.

2 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of control and measuring systems and can be used in the design of systems for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region, as well as the environment in the areas of offshore gas and oil terminals.

Known methods for collecting information on the ecological state of the region [RU No. 22210095; RU No. 2145120; RU No. 2079891; RU No. 2257598; US No. 3819862; GB No. 2179480; RU No. 2173889] include the placement in the region of stationary and mobile control posts, a central control panel equipped with measuring equipment for recording signals characterizing the state of the air, water, soil and radiation conditions, followed by analysis of registered parameters according to established criteria for the studied region, by using physico-chemical methods for analyzing the state of the atmosphere and sea water.

Known devices [RU No. 22210095; RU No. 2145120; RU No. 2079891; RU No. 2257598; US No. 3819862; GB No. 2179480; RU No. 2173889] contain stationary control posts, mobile control posts, direct and feedback, central control panel.

The most complete set of measuring tools for environmental monitoring is presented in the known method of environmental control of pollution of the aquatic environment, bottom sediments and atmosphere along the route of pipelines laid at the bottom of reservoirs [RU No. 2331876], which consists in placing recording devices in the natural environment, recording signals of hydrophysical fields with subsequent chemiluminescent, chromatographic, ion-selective, spectral and radiometric analyzes by special grouping and processing of information then transmitting it to the documenting device, which additionally measures the temporal variations of the horizontal and vertical components of the vector of hydrophysical and geophysical fields in the controlled region at spaced points, highlighting the variation caused by the state vector of the object under study as an artificial acoustic anomaly in an aqueous medium with registration of acoustic signals the impedance of the bottom layers, perform the detection of molecular spin interactions of the protons of sea water, reveal during subsequent analysis, the artifacts caused by magnetohydrodynamic, bioelectric, and concentration effects additionally determine the content of synthetic surfactants in the aqueous medium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the concentration of chlorophyll, microorganisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and a device for environmental pollution control containing a water intake line with hydrophysical field sensors placed on it, connected to the water intake inputs of chemilunes devices chromatographic, ionographic, spectral, radiometric analyzes, as well as connected by its electrical outputs to the ionizing radiation spectrometer and a combination of logic circuits, is additionally connected by its electrical outputs to the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer, and a filter unit with an additional water filter membrane filters for the concentration of chlorophyll, filter system with a Zeitz funnel for selection and samples of microorganisms, a Nozhott camera for counting the amount of phytoplankton, a Bogrov camera for counting the amount of zooplankton, a centrifuge for determining the chlorophyll content, a geophon, a hydrophone, a proton spin echo spectrometer sensor and electrodes connected by their information outputs through a set of corresponding logic circuits to the inputs of the chlorophyll analysis blocks , microorganisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton, hydroacoustic signals, spin-relaxation parameters, artifacts, respectively.

However, the known method and device for its implementation solve the problem mainly of environmental monitoring, while in the regions of the fields it is necessary to take into account possible emergency situations, which is necessary when saving people and evacuating personnel, when an emergency occurred and an emergency process develops, for example development in time and space of harmful (damaging) factors. At the field exploration stage, emergencies leading to the need to save people and evacuate personnel may occur on floating drilling rigs, drilling vessels, support vessels due to fires, explosions, hydrocarbon emissions, icing and loss of stability of vessels providing the offshore oil and gas field (MNM), collisions between ships, with a floating drilling rig (PBU), with an iceberg. At the hydrocarbon production stage, emergency situations leading to the need to save people and evacuate personnel may occur on the offshore production platform (TIR), support vessels, subsea production complex (MPC) due to fires, explosions, hydrocarbon emissions, icing and loss of stability of ships, collisions vessels among themselves, with TIR, with an iceberg. At the stage of hydrocarbon transportation using tankers and natural gas transportation vessels, both specialized vessels and those adapted for transporting liquefied gas, emergency situations leading to the need to save people and evacuate personnel may occur on tankers, vessels for transporting liquefied natural gas due to fire, explosion of liquefied gas natural gas (LNG), aground, icing and loss of stability, collisions with another vessel or iceberg.

At the support bases, emergencies leading to the need to save people and evacuate personnel may occur at coastal infrastructure facilities due to explosions and fires, the release of potent toxic substances into the atmosphere during accidents (destruction) at chemically hazardous facilities and during their transportation.

At all stages of the development of the field, emergencies leading to the need to save people and evacuate personnel may arise during the localization (elimination) of hazards of anthropogenic origin that affect the environmental safety of the functioning of the offshore oil and gas field (explosive objects and objects, flooded chemical weapons, flooded radiation-hazardous objects).

In all these cases, a critical condition for effectively solving the tasks of saving people and evacuating personnel is the speed of obtaining factual information about the parameters and circumstances that threaten the life and health of people. In the conditions of development of offshore oil and gas fields on the Arctic shelf, remoteness from coastal infrastructure, difficult hydrometeorological conditions (storms, ice conditions, polar night or just night time) it is difficult to quickly assess the circumstances of the emergency.

The functioning of objects and equipment is influenced by many environmental factors: sea depth, ice floes, wave loads, wind loads, sea current loads, seismic effects, especially the soil on which the MPE is installed, as well as mounting loads. So, with an increase in the depth of the sea, it is necessary to take into account not only the direct effect of the waves, but also the possibility of the appearance of resonant oscillations coinciding with the period of the influence of waves on the structure.

In known methods and devices for marine waters this approach is poorly substantiated due to the neglect of the specifics of the marine environment and biota, as well as algorithms on the functioning of marine ecosystems and their assimilation properties. Marine ecosystems are based on marine biota - an indicator of the state of the natural environment, radically different from the human environment. Its main distinguishing features are the openness of marine ecosystems (the unity of the oceans), the huge spatio-temporal variability of the habitat (mobility of sea waters), the secrecy and inertia of ongoing processes, the complexity and limited access to the scene.

Another significant factor affecting the selection of the optimal technology for the environmental assessment of marine ecosystems is a different (than for land) nature of the anthropogenization of water areas. Here, to a much lesser extent, the focal-discrete nature of pollution associated with an uneven population density and production location is manifested. For marine ecosystems, the land-sea gradient is very significant, transforming the coastal zone into a dynamic receiver of pollutants (pollutants) and separating the main part of the water area from the adverse effects of populated land (neighboring and distant). In this sense, the territorial geosystems of the sea can be considered as natural or ecosystem-oriented, i.e. in the system triad "man-technology-nature" the main role is played by natural factors, including the biosphere. These features must be taken into account.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functionality of known methods and devices of environmental and emergency monitoring.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of collecting information about the ecological state of the region, including the placement of stationary and mobile control posts in the region, a central control panel equipped with measuring equipment for recording signals characterizing the state of the air, water, soil and radiation conditions, followed by analysis of registered parameters according to established criteria for the studied region, environmental control of water pollution, bottom sediments atmospheres, by placing recording devices in the natural environment, recording signals of hydrophysical fields, followed by chemiluminescent, chromatographic, ion-selective, spectral and radiometric analyzes by special grouping and processing of information, followed by transmission to documentation devices, measuring temporal variations of the horizontal and vertical components of the vector hydrophysical and geophysical fields in a controlled region at spaced points with highlighting variations, about conditional state vector of the studied object, in the form of an artificial acoustic anomaly in an aqueous medium with registration of acoustic impedance signals of the bottom layers, detection of molecular spin interactions of sea water protons, identification of artifacts caused by magnetohydrodynamic, bioelectric and concentration effects, determination of the content of synthetic surface-active substances in aqueous medium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, determination of the concentration of chloro phyll, microorganisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton, in which the environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere) and the infrastructure of an industrial facility are divided into a number of volumes, for each of which a material balance model is compiled taking into account the communication paths of pollution movement between the established volumes and a predicted model of pollution spread, At the same time, the atmosphere is approximated by a set of three-dimensional calculated volumes limited from the source of pollution by large distances of 0-10 km, 10-200 km, 200-1000 km and more than 1000 km, respectively, as well as a forecast model for the spread of pollution, while a forecast model in the aquatic environment is built taking into account changes in the concentration of pollutants due to their transport with moving masses of water, turbulent diffusion of impurities, sedimentation of harmful substances in the form of suspensions and colloidal particles, the transition of sediments containing harmful substances back into suspension, sorption and desorption of harmful impurities by inorganic and organic substances, capture of bioto d, decomposition and decay, at the horizons of the hydrosphere of 0.5, 10, 20, 50, 100 meters and at the bottom; A forecast model for the spread of pollution in groundwater is constructed taking into account vertical transport through a non-saturated region and dispersion and transport in water-saturated zones, sorption and desorption of contaminated substances in soil structures, ion exchange, decomposition of pollutants by biota, chemical composition of soils and underground water flows; A forecast model of the spread of pollutants on the territory of an industrial facility is constructed by analyzing the Nth number of scenarios of its formation both in the regular (daily) mode of operation of the infrastructure facilities of an industrial facility and in cases of emergencies, while ranking the established volumes by hazard degree for state of environmental components; the degree of pollution of the marine environment is determined by the pollution parameters, which are determined by the integrated assessment of water quality according to hydrophysical, hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators, the degree of soil pollution is determined by organoleptic and structural analysis, the environmental situation in the water area is assessed by the trophicity and degree of pollution; an automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region, containing stationary and mobile control posts, direct and feedback links, a central control point, including means for recording, processing, documenting and displaying information, in which the registration means include an environmental pollution control device containing a water intake a line with hydrophysical field sensors placed on it, connected to the water intake inputs of chemiluminescent devices, x romatographic, ion-selective, spectral, radiometric analyzes, as well as connected with its electrical outputs to an ionizing radiation spectrometer and a combination of logic circuits, connected with its electrical outputs to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer, a filter unit with membrane filters is also installed on the water intake line concentration of chlorophyll, filter plant with a Zeitz funnel for sampling microorganisms, chambers Nogotta for counting the amount of phytoplankton, a Bogrov camera for counting the amount of zooplankton, a centrifuge for determining the chlorophyll content, a geophone, a hydrophone, a proton spin echo spectrometer sensor and electrodes connected via their information outputs through a combination of appropriate logic circuits to the inputs of the chlorophyll, microorganisms, phytoplankton analysis blocks, zooplankton, hydroacoustic signals, spin-relaxation parameters, artifacts, respectively, into which an additional block of tele izionnyh sensors block IR radiation sensor, thermal radiation, metrology module, side-scan sonar, multibeam echo sounder, determination unit trofosaprobnym water quality parameters and characteristics of sediments, lidar, penetrometer, the sensor detecting methane, hydrogen sulfide sensor; information display means is made in the form of a geographic information system.

The proposed technical solution, unlike analogues, allows you to take into account such an important factor as the elimination of the consequences of accidents with environmental consequences, which is not solved by known methods, but is achieved as follows.

On the map of the region, representing, for example, an offshore oil and gas field, all the objects that make up the infrastructure and which should be considered as sources of environmental hazard during their regular operation and in emergency situations are plotted.

The nature of the impact of potentially environmentally hazardous facilities on the environmental situation in the area of the field is considered in sequence.

Situational modeling of sources and types of pollution from potentially environmentally hazardous facilities, industries and production operations that determine the environmental load on the environment is carried out. On thematic maps, possible pollution of environmental components is applied.

The degree of danger of the production activity of the offshore business object, including the offshore oil and gas field for the state of the environment components, is estimated.

The ranking of individual areas of the field and various fields is carried out according to the degree of environmental hazard.

The contribution of the activity of certain areas of the field to the local chemical pollution of the water area and the coastal territory is revealed.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. To illustrate the proposed technical solution, an offshore terminal for hydrocarbon production was selected as an object of economic activity.

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of an environmental monitoring system for an offshore oil and gas field, which includes: control point 1, which is a subsystem for assessing and predicting changes in the state of the environment and developing recommendations for making decisions in violation of the normal operating mode of an industrial facility, stationary and mobile control posts 2 representing environmental observation posts equipped with measuring equipment, representing ships, aircraft, drifting e and bottom stations, underwater vehicles, structures of marine terminals, a device for collecting and processing information 3 is a system of technical means that takes into account the dynamics of changes in environmental elements and factors affecting them, an information storage device that includes a database 4 of operational information (characteristics of the observation cycle as well as in an emergency), a database of 5 initial information data (characteristics of regular observations), a reference database of 6 data containing the necessary documents you, including the requirements of environmental legislation, the technical characteristics of the object, an information display device 7, which is a system of technical means for generating, processing and storing cartographic information made in the form of a geographic information system.

Figure 2 - block diagram of the algorithm for generating a predictive system.

Figure 3 - data processing scheme for determining the pollution of water areas:

C is the measured concentration of pollutants;

X, Y - converted and weighted concentration values;

I _m - heavy metal pollution index;

I _s - index of the content of pollutants;

I _t - index of the content of toxic substances;

I _ol - the index of the content of impurities;

I _OS - general sanitary index;

I - pollution index in a controlled site;

I _p is the pollution index of the river (watercourse).

Figure 4 is a flowchart for assessing the environmental situation in the water according to the results of regular environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment. Block 8 of the state of the parameters of the aquatic environment according to a priori data, block 9 of registration of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrophysical parameters during measurements along a given path at several horizons of the hydrosphere and at the atmosphere-hydrosphere boundary, block 10 of constructing isolines on the map at the level of 1.5 MPC, block 11 for determining the areas and anomalies and the maximum value inside the anomaly, block 12 for calculating the characteristics of the anomalies.

Figure 5 is a flowchart of environmental assessment in the water area according to the results of regular environmental monitoring of bottom sediments. Block 13 for storing reference suitability indicators, block 14 for technical means of sampling soil at control points, block 15 for granoleptic and structural analysis, block 16 for determining the number of samples of suitability / unsuitability for evaluation, block 17 for determining the ratio of samples and their coordinates, block 18 for quantitative analysis of content hazardous substances, MPC standardization block 19, average value calculation block 20 for all control points of the water area, quality determination block 21 in accordance with the requirements of standards, environmental assessment block 22 ogical situation at the bottom of the water area, block 23 for assessing the conformity of the state of the water surface and soil with the requirements of standards.

6 is a flowchart of situational modeling of the environmental situation in the area of arrangement of offshore oil and gas fields. Operation 24 of plotting sources of environmental hazard on a map; operation 25 of a sequential situational review of the nature of the impact of potentially environmentally hazardous objects on the environmental situation; operation 26 of situational modeling of sources and types of pollution during regular operations and in emergency situations; operation 27 of a cyclical assessment of the degree of danger of the field’s functioning for the specific state of the components of the environment, operation 28 to obtain a chemical hazard rating pollution of the surface atmosphere, operation 29 to obtain an assessment of the degree of danger of chemical pollution of land, operation 30 to obtain an assessment of the degree of chemical pollution of surface water and bottom sediments, operation 31 to obtain an assessment of the degree of danger of the effects of pollution on vegetation, operation 32 to obtain an assessment of the degree of hazard of radioactive pollution, operation 33 obtaining a generalized assessment of the degree of danger of chemical pollution in the area of operation of the field, operation 34 obtain an assessment of the degree and integrand toxicity water surface 35 impact assessment operation field contribution to the chemical contamination of the local, the ranking operation field 36 regions of environmental risk in the scale of the shelf.

7 is a block diagram of predictive modeling of the environmental situation in the areas of arrangement of offshore oil and gas fields. Step 37 of selecting a methodological apparatus for determining unknown parameters of predictive modeling, step 38 of modeling explosions and fires, step 39 of modeling the spread of harmful substances in the environment, step 40 of predictive modeling of environmental impacts, step 41 of calculating the size of the zones of spread of the cloud of pollutants, operation 42 calculating an emergency oil spill in the water area and the trajectory of the oil slick, operation 43 calcul emergency contamination of the territory with potent toxic substances, operation 44 of calculating the pathways and zones of harmful substances entering the ground during accidental spills, operation 45 of calculating the doses of poisonous substances from potential chains to service personnel, operation 46 of calculating doses of the amount of radionuclides from the water area along potential chains to the serving staff.

Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a model for using an information-measuring subcomplex (IIP) in a situational and predictive monitoring system (SSMP) for regular environmental monitoring. Operation 47 of the selection and justification of reference points in the water area, operation 48 of cyclic measurement of the state of the aquatic environment in the reference points and along the path between them, operation 49 of recording parameters (indicators) of trophosaprobility of the aquatic environment and pollution by harmful substances, operation 50 of displaying the information obtained for each measurement cycle water environment on electronic maps, operation 51 of creating a database of water indicators, operation 52 of sampling of bottom sediments at reference points, operation 53 of analysis of samples Fat onnyh suitability for fishery and degree of pollution by harmful substances, the operation display 54 sediment measurement cycle for the received information on electronic maps, the operation of forming 55 a database of environmental indicators sediment, operation 56 estimates the environmental situation in the survey area.

Fig.9 is a block diagram of the use of IIP in SMTA for operational environmental monitoring of the water area. Operation 57 of patrolling in the area of possible unauthorized impact on the aquatic environment, operation 58 of determining the background state of the aquatic environment by background indicators, operation 59 of isolating anomalies by excess over adaptive thresholds along the patrol route, operation 60 of analyzing the location of the identified anomalies to plan the contouring stage, operation 61 contouring anomalies and drawing contours on an electronic map, operation 62 tracking the dynamics of the movement of anomalies in the surveyed area, operation 63 register tion in anomalous zones across the plurality of parameters measured by the aqueous medium SMPS forming operation database 64 operative control of environmental waters.

Figure 10 is a factor model of a system for analyzing registered parameters. External environment 65, input 66 of variable parameters, control unit 67, object of study 68 (which includes an operator for converting input variables to output, state parameters and its characteristics), output 69.

11 is a functional diagram of the measuring devices of stationary and mobile posts. The circuit contains a water intake line with temperature sensors 70.71, radioactivity 72, electrical conductivity 73, pH 74, REDOX potential 75, oxygen 76, ion-selective electrode block 77, hydrophone 78, geophone 79, heavy metal ion sensors 80, content sensors active and gaseous substances 81, physiological parameters sensors 82, proton spin echo spectrometer sensor 83, electrodes 84, gauge 85, hydroacoustic communication channel antenna 86, satellite navigation antenna 87, atmospheric pressure sensor 88, water intake A device 89 connected to the water intake ports of a chemiluminescent 90, chromatographic 91, ion selective 92, spectral 93, radiometric 94 analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometer 95, chrolophyll analysis unit 96, microorganism analysis unit 97, phytoplankton analysis unit 98, zooplankton analysis unit 99, a unit for processing hydroacoustic signals 100, a unit for processing spin-relaxation parameters 101, a unit for an ionizing radiation spectrometer 102, a documenting device 103, an information exchange unit (controller) 104, logic circuits 105, a block of television sensors 106, a block of infrared radiation sensors 107, a block of thermal radiation sensors 108, a metrological module 109, a side-scan sonar 110, a multi-beam sonar 111, a unit for determining water quality from trophosaprobic indicators and characteristics of bottom sediments 112, lidar 113 , penetrometer 114, methane detection sensor 115, hydrogen sulfide sensor 116. As an example of the implementation of sensors 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 88, 89, 90, 91, the corresponding blocks of the prototype device.

Electrodes 84 are weakly polarizing chlorine-lead electrodes [see, for example: On the nature and causes of vertical changes in the natural electric field of the ocean’s water column. / Bogorov V.G., Demenitskaya P.M., Gorodnitsky A.M. et al. // Oceanology, L., vol. 1X, issue 5, 1969].

An analog of the proton spin echo 83 spectrometer sensor is a proton spin echo probe [Zverev SB A new method for studying the dynamics of ocean waters. Vladivostok. Proceedings of the Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, t.3, 1990, s.160-172], which allows us to study the physicochemical properties of sea water at the molecular level. In this case, the functional dependences of viscosity, density, compressibility, heat capacity, electrical conductivity and solubility of gases from external factors (temperature, salinity, hydroacoustic pressure) are evaluated, and data on the amount of paramagnetic compounds in sea water and the nature of the interaction of substances dissolved in sea water are determined with water molecules, which provides an assessment of the impact of the anthropogenic factor during the operation of trunk pipelines in anomalous zones, for example, in areas disposal of chemical weapons, and also reveals zones with anomalous values of relaxation parameters associated with deep hydrothermals, faults, volcanism, discharges of industrial wastes, gas emissions of chemical origin by a combination of spin relaxation parameters, such as the spin-lattice interaction rate, which characterizes the process of establishing thermodynamic equilibrium between the spin subsystem and the lattice, the spin-spin relaxation rate, which characterizes the conservation of spin memory the conditions created in which the magnetization, the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating coordinate system that describes the process of establishing equilibrium magnetization along the high-frequency field.

The water intake line also includes means for sampling water, benthic organisms, and soil, and zooplankton. For sampling water can be used, as in the prototype, intake hoses or bathometers, for example, type PE 1420, which is a bathometer with a telescopic device from the sections forming the body. When folded, it descends to a predetermined depth, providing free passage of fluid through the sampler. After that, a messenger load is advanced along the cable, extending the sections. The resulting cavity is filled with liquid. Then the water is drained into the container through the bottom opening, which opens when pressed. Portable grabs with a telescopic device and plankton nets can be used to extract bottom organisms and soil. The selected samples are separated and concentrated by means of an autoclave module type MKP-04.

The block of television sensors 106, the block of sensors of infrared radiation 107, the block of sensors of thermal radiation 108, the sonar side view 111, the multi-beam echo sounder 110 are designed to examine marine terminals for damage to underwater communications and structures. As a side-scan sonar 49, a SIS 3000 type sonar (f. Bentos Inc.) was used, providing bottom mapping at great depths and shooting underwater pipelines.

Lidar 113 is designed to determine the concentrations of the gas components of the atmosphere layer. The method for determining the concentrations of the gas components of the atmospheric layer consists in sending optical pulses at different wavelengths along the main sensing path, the wavelengths of optical pulses being selected in the absorption bands of the determined gas components, and backscattering signals are recorded, the intensities of which determine the concentration values gas components, optical pulses are sent by at least two additional sensing paths, and the directions of additional paths are chosen t so that the intersection point of each of the main and additional runs were probed at both boundaries of the atmospheric layer.

In this case, light pulses are sent to the atmosphere by means of a lidar 113 from points located in a straight line. In addition to sounding, impulses are sent in the main direction from two more points along two rays intersecting inside the layer at some point and crossing the main sounding path at the points of its intersection with the boundaries. The backscattered signals P _ki corrected by the geometric factor (multiplied by the square of the sensing distance) at wavelengths _ki located in the absorption band of the gas component are taken from additional points, and their ratio is found at their intersection point and their values are calculated.

By the found relations associated with the desired concentrations, N _k , the average over the layer, the optical-location equation determines the concentration of each gas component. A description of the analogue is given in patent RU No. 2017139.

Penetrometer 114 is mounted on a telescopic device and is designed to perform marine ground surveys. An analog of penetrometer 27 is a CPT Fugro type penetrometer with a penetration depth of the probe into the ground of up to 20 m.

According to the results of marine soil surveys, based on the simulation, the spatiotemporal distribution of the suspension concentration average in depth and the thickness of the sediment layer on the seabed is determined, as well as the particle size distribution of the soil.

The task of detecting gas leaks from the pipeline is solved in a similar way.

To determine the area and depth of contamination from an oil leak, the bottom station is equipped with a penetrometer 114, which is a cone-shaped projectile equipped with sensors that are buried into the contaminated soil through gravity or through a telescopic device. The measured resistance and friction coefficients determine the strength characteristics of the soil.

Subsequently, according to the data obtained, a pollution area is mapped — a topographic and navigation map that displays the boundaries of the pollution.

The methane detection sensor 115 is designed to measure the concentration of methane in the water column. The sensor is a semiconductor device, the principle of which is that the diffusion of hydrocarbon molecules from water through a special silicone membrane is transmitted to the sensor chamber. Adsorption of carbohydrate molecules on the active layer of the sensor leads to electronic exchange with oxygen molecules, thus changing the resistance of the active layer, which is converted into output (measured) voltage.

Main characteristics of the sensor:

- 10 μm silicone membrane;

- working depth 0-3500 m;

- operating temperature 2-20 ° C;

- measurement time from 1 to 3 seconds;

- diffusion stabilization time up to 5 minutes, depending on turbulence;

- input voltage 9-36 V;

- power consumption 160 mA / h;

- output signal - analog 0-5 B and digital RS-485;

- methane 50 nmol / l-10 µmol / l.

An analog of the methane detection sensor 115 is a METS type sensor (“CAPSUM”).

The methane detection sensor 115 can be used as for detecting hydrocarbon leaks from pipelines.

The hydrogen sulfide sensor 116 is designed to detect hydrogen sulfide in the environment.

The semiconductor layer of the hydrogen sulfide sensor 116 is made of partially halogen free metalless or transition metal containing phthalocyanine, while the phthalocyanine used is halogenated to replace 50-75% of the peripheral hydrogen atoms in the isoindole groups of the phthalocyanine macro ring with halogen atoms (Cl, Br, I). An analogue of the hydrogen sulfide sensor is a hydrogen sulfide sensor described in the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 1789915.

The invention consists in the following.

By measuring means, environmental parameters in the region are recorded. An analysis of the recorded signals is performed, which includes the following series of steps.

The degree of pollution of the marine environment is determined by the pollution parameters, which are determined by an integrated assessment of water quality with the establishment of a water quality category according to a set of indicators, which are divided into 4 groups: general sanitary indicator (I _oc ), indicators of metals (I _m ), specific pollutants ( I _h ), toxic substances (I _m ). All indicators, except for general sanitary, are based on relative concentrations of substances:

where C _i is the concentration of the i-th substance in water;

MPC _i - the corresponding maximum permissible concentration of drinking water.

The indicators of the content of metals, toxic and specific pollutants are defined as the arithmetic average of all indicators included in I _m , I _m , I _s multiplied by the product of penalty functions. The methodology for constructing a general sanitary indicator I _{OS is} based on an expert-analytical approach. The indicators I _OS , I _m , I _m , I _C then are combined into a generalized indicator (I) of water. In this case, the analysis of the aqueous medium is carried out according to indicators I for the presence of such ingredients as petroleum hydrocarbons (environment: water, bottom) using differential methods: gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and integrated methods: UV spectrophotometry, IR spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry; dissolved oxygen (water) - electrochemical, gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric, gasometric, polarographic methods; hydrogen indicator (water, bottom) - potentiometric method; chlorinated hydrocarbons (water, bottom) - gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography; synthetic surfactants (water, bottom) - atomic absorption spectrophotometry; heavy metals (water, bottom) - atomic absorption spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, polarography;

phenols (water, bottom) - chromatography, spectrophotometry, chromatography and mass spectrometry;

biogenic substances (water, bottom) - spectrophotometric, photoelectrocolorimetric, ion chromatography; BOD ₅ (water) - amperometric, respirometric;

hydrogen sulfide (water) - colorimetric (photometric, spectrophotometric);

toxic substances (water, bottom) - atomic absorption spectrophotometry, gas-liquid capillary chromatography, spectrophotometry; salinity (water) - induction method; transparency, color (water) - the optical method.

Simultaneously with the analysis of the aquatic environment, an analysis of pollution of bottom sediments and soils is carried out. At the same time, the degree of contamination of bottom sediments and soils is established by determining chemical and radioactive contamination.

When analyzing pollution of bottom sediments (soils) by a set of chemical elements, the total pollution index (Z _c ) is calculated using the formula:

where K _i = C _i / C _{f, i} or K _i = C _i / C _MPC i, i is the i-th pollutant,

n is the total number of pollutants,

C _i is the concentration of the i-th pollutant in the soil,

C _{f, i} (C _MPCi ) - background content of the i-th substance, MPC of the i-th substance or Clark value.

The ecological condition of the bottom and soils exposed to chemicals is estimated by the area of the contaminated bottom and soils and the content of these substances in them.

Radioactive soil contamination in the area of oil and gas field facilities is estimated by the dose rate at a height of 1.0 m from the soil surface (μR / h) and the content in the soils of the main biohazardous, dose-generating radionuclides (e.g., cesium, strontium, plutonium isotopes).

Radioactive contamination of bottom sediments is estimated by the total alpha, beta activities and the content of marker radionuclides in the bottom sediments (cesium, strontium).

For land bodies of water (rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs), criteria for assessing pollution by hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators using the differential method are used.

Then the differential estimates are aggregated into the corresponding functions according to the scheme (figure 3).

The main processes that determine the spread of harmful substances in sea waters, including oil products, are:

- transport with moving masses of water;

- turbulent diffusion of impurities;

- sedimentation at the bottom of harmful substances in the form of suspensions and colloidal particles;

- the transition of sediments containing harmful substances, again in suspension;

- sorption and desorption of harmful impurities of various kinds with inorganic and organic substances;

- capture by biota;

- decomposition and decay of harmful substances, etc.

The construction of a forecast model of changes in the environmental situation, for example, as a result of an accidental spill of oil products, and the possibility of presenting the results in the form of a set of digital maps as part of a geographic information system (GIS) allows you to organize the effective functioning of system elements during rescue operations.

Each specific area of development in the zone of the developed field can be characterized by its generalized assessment of potential environmental sustainability, which allows them to be ranked according to the degree of sustainability, which can then be taken into account when planning emergency and rescue measures related to environmental protection. So, the ranking is based on obtaining a linear convolution of a composite measure of stability of the form:

where f (x _i ) are normalizing linear non-increasing functions of particular features x _i :

c _i - weighting factors.

по конкретным районам обустройства и ординальная информация по ним, учитывающая относительную значимость признаков.When constructing the convolution, nominal quantitative values of particular signs of stability of the TPK x _i , the spread of these values are used

for specific areas of arrangement and ordinal information on them, taking into account the relative importance of the signs.

Situational modeling of the environmental situation to reduce the negative impact on the environment is implemented on the basis of the following generalized indicators:

1. Assessment of the risk of pollution of the surface atmosphere of the base for providing the j-th object of harmful effects is calculated by the formula

where n is the number of considered pollutants entering the atmosphere from the j-th facility;

A _i is the hazard coefficient of the i-th substance;

M _i is the mass of the i-th substance coming from all sources of the j-th object (organized and unorganized stationary, mobile, decentralized).

2. Assessment of the danger of pollution and violation of the state of the land resources of the support base is determined by violation of soil cover and industrial pollution.

The following features are included in this indicator:

- the intensity of the exploitation of the land base providing various types of land use;

- soil erosion;

- soil subsidence, land acquisition for infrastructure support base, quarries, dumps and landfills;

- chemical pollution of soils.

, естественное восстановление которых превышает нормативный период (например, год). Интегральная экологическая опасность загрязнения (нарушения) земель базы обеспечения

определяется суммой опасностей всех видов нарушений:For each characteristic, the area with violations is determined

, the natural recovery of which exceeds the regulatory period (for example, a year). Integral environmental hazard of pollution (disturbance) of land support base

determined by the sum of the dangers of all types of violations:

3. Assessment of the danger of pollution and disturbance of the coastal waters and other surface waters is carried out according to quantitative and qualitative indicators that worsen the state of aquatic ecosystems (chemical, biological, mechanical, thermal pollution, irretrievable water consumption):

Where

- опасность i-го вида нарушения;Here

- danger of the i-th type of violation;

to _i is the coefficient of significance of the i-th type of violation;

V _i - the amount of contaminated runoff of the i-th type of violation;

W _i - the value of the i-th type of violation;

N _i - regulatory (permissible) value of the i-th type of violation.

4. An assessment of the danger of disturbance of the vegetation cover of the support base is determined by a decrease in bio productivity in the disturbance zone:

where l is the number of disturbed plant communities;

- максимальная продуктивность i-го растительного сообщества в ненарушенной зоне;

- maximum productivity of the i-th plant community in the undisturbed zone;

G _i - the actual productivity of the i-th plant community in the disturbed zone;

S _i is the area of manifestation of disorders of the i-th plant community;

z is the coefficient of intensity of economic impact.

The difference I between the normalized values of the indicator Q of the potential environmental sustainability of the TPK and the indicator E of the degree of anthropogenic impact is used as an assessment of the balance of the technogenic impact in the PTS of the field and the self-cleaning mechanisms of TPK

where I is an indicator of the balance of technogenic loads on the TCP;

Q is an indicator of the potential environmental sustainability of the TPK;

E is an indicator of the degree of technogenic impact of the TCP;

c _Q , c _E are weights.

If I> 0, then self-regulation mechanisms ensure the stability of the TCP, if I <0, then it is necessary to purposefully control its state, taking into account various scenarios of field development.

The degree of anthropogenic impact on the TCP E is defined as

where E ^norms - an indicator of the degree of anthropogenic impact in the usual arrangement;

E ^av - an indicator of the degree of anthropogenic impact in emergency situations.

например, технология АСПИД. В свою очередь значение Е можно выразить через оценки опасности вида (5)-(9):There are expert analytical methods that allow you to set values

for example, ASP technology. In turn, the value of E can be expressed through hazard assessments of the form (5) - (9):

where N is the number of hazards analyzed during situational and predictive modeling of the environmental situation on the basis of ensuring development of the field.

Depending on the contribution of emergencies ^Eab to the degree of technogenic impact E, the significance, purpose and basic elements of the emergency rescue base system for the field are determined.

The main objectives of the environmental monitoring system for the oil and gas field are:

- organization of observations and measurements of indicators characterizing the state of elements and environmental objects in the zone of influence of the field;

- collection and processing of observational data;

- organization and maintenance of specialized data banks characterizing the environmental situation at the facilities and along the pipeline route;

- assessment and prediction of the state of environmental elements and the technogenic impact on them;

- information support for long-term and operational management of the state of the environment in the construction zone, including in case of emergency.

The structural diagram of an environmental monitoring system (EMS) of an offshore oil and gas field is shown in FIG.

The system of environmental monitoring of the offshore oil and gas field as a system of industrial environmental monitoring is an integral part of the technological process of the operation of the field, it performs several functions:

- exercises control over the ecological state of the marine environment in the area of construction and along the pipeline route, including areas of probable flooding of ammunition, including chemical weapons:

- participates in ensuring the environmental safety of the field at the stages of its arrangement and operation;

- controls the impact of the field during its development and operation on the marine environment (surface, thickness, bottom sediments) and the impact of hazardous natural phenomena (hydrometeorological, geological) on the condition of the facilities and their functioning.

Processing of monitoring data at all its stages from initial measurements, data collection and accumulation to eliminating the consequences of situations related to violation of operational and environmental safety of objects is based on a single information technology using the apparatus of geographic information systems, as well as integrated interactive technologies for combining heterogeneous information in unified computing environment.

The system has a hierarchical structure that corresponds to the infrastructure of economic objects, including deposits, and will include a number of subsystems.

The observation subsystem of the environmental monitoring system provides integrated control of all parameters of the marine environment. The structure of the observation subsystem includes stationary control points (reference stations for analytical studies of the water column and bottom sediments) of various categories for regular environmental control and a flexible system of adaptive-mobile control points for operational observations of the marine environment in the context of the emerging field operation and emergency situations.

Algorithms for processing the measurement data of the subsystem for collecting and processing information on changes in environmental elements are based on information from contact monitoring tools and remote, which provide the ability to cover large areas in the shortest possible time. At this level of EMS functioning, the first level of hierarchical GIS was implemented to develop generalized indicators of the ecological state of the marine environment and to quickly obtain thematic maps of the ecological situation.

The subsystem for assessing and forecasting changes in the state of the environment and making recommendations for making management decisions not only monitors and analyzes the current state of the marine environment, but also evaluates the dynamics of its development, i.e. performs a retrospective analysis and forecast of changes in the state of the marine environment based on modeling of environmental processes.

In the interests of analysis and prediction of the processes of formation, distribution and exposure of harmful substances, modeling includes:

- modeling of processes of emissions and discharges, including explosions of explosive ordnance (GP) and the release of toxic substances from flooded chemical munitions, leading to pollution of components of the marine environment;

- modeling the spread of harmful substances on the surface, in the water column and bottom sediments, taking into account the totality of hydrodynamic, chemical, sedimentation, sorption / desorption processes, as well as the redistribution of pollutants between the components of the hydrocenosis (water - hydrobionts - bottom sediments);

- modeling of migration along the food chains of harmful substances and processes of forming dose loads on biota and humans.

At this level of EMS functioning, the second level of hierarchical GIS is implemented, which receives:

- technical background information from stationary and mobile environmental observation posts,

- generalized and cartographic information from the subsystem for collecting and processing information,

- control and auxiliary information on the operating modes and condition of the equipment of the facilities, potentially environmentally hazardous situations on the offshore sections of pipelines, from higher, third, level GIS, which is an integral part of the automated process control system and technical diagnostics of the field construction equipment, and at the same time uses:

- a database of source information (characteristics of regular observations),

- database of operational information (characteristics of the observation cycle, as well as in emergency situations),

- a reference database containing the necessary documents of the environmental legislation of Russia, other states and other reference information.

The environmental monitoring system works in real time to ensure the relevance of monitoring results received by users, which is ensured by regular communication exchange of operational information between all its elements according to a single technological program and limitation of processing cycles by a strict time frame.

The system of situational and forecast modeling of the environmental situation is implemented in the structure of the environmental monitoring system of the offshore oil and gas field and is functionally located in the subsystem for assessing and forecasting changes in the state of the environment and making recommendations for making management decisions. The results of the functioning of the system of situational and predictive modeling of the environmental situation are used in the Crisis Center for Emergency and Rescue Management in the areas where offshore oil and gas fields are developed.

The environmental model is presented as a functional dependence of the state of the object

Φ (t) = f (X, A, G, Y, Q, t),

and is a function of time from the input factors of the state of the object, the state of control, output factors and environmental factors. All factors are considered as vector quantities that change over time.

In such a stochastic model, one or more random variables defined by the corresponding distribution laws are certainly present, which makes it possible not only to estimate the average values of the predicted parameters, but also their variance and other statistical characteristics.

The predictive system includes mathematical, logical, and heuristic elements. Information about the predicted phenomenon, process, object, available at the present time, is received at the system input; data on the future parameters of the phenomenon, process (state of the object), i.e. forecast.

In this case, the forecasting process for any one type of anthropogenic impact is described. Guided by this scheme, each of the occurring types of anthropogenic impact is individually forecasted based on the factor model of measuring units and processing and analysis units (Fig. 11). The combined impact is taken into account when evaluating the predicted results.

The first stage in forecasting is the collection and analysis of the necessary initial information regarding the sources, facts and parameters of the processes of anthropogenic impact in retrospect and at present.

At the same time, the sources, factors of anthropogenic impact and the actual anthropogenic impact on the environment are monitored. Assessment of levels of anthropogenic impact is carried out taking into account the patterns of processes in this subject area.

The second stage of forecasting is to create a model of the process of the anthropogenic impact of the species in question on the environment, as well as a methodological apparatus for determining unknown model parameters. The specified methodological apparatus is developed taking into account data from a retrospective analysis of the simulated process of anthropogenic impact.

In this case, empirical or theoretical patterns of the formation of factors of anthropogenic impact are established and the lead-in interval is taken into account (a given period of time from the moment the forecast is made to the moment in the future for which this forecast is made).

The third stage of forecasting is to carry out the necessary calculations and visualize their results. The calculation results are presented in a form convenient for assessing the anthropogenic impact on environmental objects.

At the final, fourth stage of forecasting, an assessment is made of the adequacy of the model to real processes and the reliability of the obtained forecast information.

Since the future situation associated with anthropogenic impact depends on many factors of a stochastic nature and is characterized by uncertainty, the maximum likelihood method is used.

The specified method is based on a probabilistic approach. The main idea of the method is to determine the so-called likelihood function. The conditional probability density is usually taken as this function:

P (y (a ₁ , a ₂ , ..., a _n )).

Here a ₁ , a ₂ , ..., a _n are the parameters and models to be evaluated; y - sample observations (measurements) of the predicted value, for example, the concentration of the harmful substance in a given environment, at the observation site y ₁ , y ₂ , ..., y _m .

.After determining the likelihood function, it is maximized relative to

.

на основе наблюдений (измерений) прогнозируемой величины у на участкеThus, the problem of finding the best estimate of the model parameters is solved.

based on observations (measurements) of the predicted value of y in the area

observations (y ₁ , y ₂ , ..., y _m) . In essence, an answer is given to the question of at what values of the parameters of the model of anthropogenic impact the most likely occurrence of a set of values of the predicted value y ₁ , y ₂ , ..., y _m .

According to the forecasting results, anthropogenic impacts are estimated. In this assessment, the predicted parameters characterizing anthropogenic impacts are compared with their critical values.

Among the criteria for the levels of anthropogenic impact, maximum permissible concentrations of certain harmful substances, acceptable levels of surface contamination, maximum permissible levels of noise, electromagnetic radiation, heat fluxes, temperature gradient, etc.

To analyze and evaluate the processes of formation, spread and impact of accidental releases, discharges and discharges of various kinds of hazardous substances of radioactive, chemical and biological nature and the development of design schemes, a model of the spread of harmful substances in the environment is used including:

- modeling of processes of emissions and outflow of hazardous substances in emergency conditions;

- modeling the distribution of the above substances in the environment, taking into account the processes of their atmospheric, biosphere and dispersion of the hydrosphere, migration along potential transfer chains due to physical and mechanical processes;

- analysis, assessment and calculation scheme of the impact of hazardous substances on technogenic risk objects;

- modeling of the processes of formation of dose loads.

When modeling the processes of emissions and outflows of hazardous substances in emergency conditions, well-known relationships are used that describe the flow of gases and liquids under various conditions.

The atmospheric diffusion model is classified by many features. In particular, taking into account the scale of turbulent movements of air masses, it is divided into:

- a local scale model that provides the most accurate estimates at distances up to 10 km;

- a mesoscale model that is used for distances from 10 km to 200 km;

- a regional-scale model that is used for distances from 200 km to 1000 km;

- A global model that is used at distances over 1000 km.

Depending on the nature of the source of accidental emissions, models of the distribution of hazardous substances in accordance with the duration of the emission are used, based on the assumption of an instantaneous source of pollution, and a model in which a permanent source of emissions is considered, i.e. a source with a finite duration of action (see, for example: Geoecological monitoring of offshore oil and gas bearing water areas. L.I. Lobkovsky, D.G. Levchenko, A.V. Leonov, A.K. Ambrosovsky. M .: Nauka, 2005, p. 122-209).

The statistical model for an instantaneous point source can generally be written as:

where C (x, y, z, t) is the concentration of the diffusing substance as a function of spatial coordinates and time:

Q is the amount of discarded substance;

u, ν, w - average wind speeds in the directions x, y, z;

,

,

- дисперсии примеси по направлениям x, y, z;

,

,

- dispersion of the impurity in the directions x, y, z;

f _P , f _O , f _B - corrections for the depletion of the cloud due to radioactive decay or decomposition of the substance, its dry deposition and leaching, respectively.

In this case, the process of transferring the emission of pollution is considered in a moving coordinate system.

A semi-empirical model for a source with a finite duration of action, taking into account the height profile of the wind and the change in the turbulent diffusion coefficient with height, according to Berland is expressed by the formula

where K ₁ is the vertical component of the coefficient of turbulent diffusion at a height of one meter;

K ₀ is the horizontal component of the turbulent diffusion coefficient;

функция Бесселя от мнимого аргумента;n and m are dimensionless parameters from the formulas of the vertical profiles of the wind speed and the vertical component of the diffusion coefficient:

Bessel function of an imaginary argument;

Q is the rate of release of a substance from a long-acting point source;

N _eff is the effective height of the source, determined taking into account the rise of the torch due to the thermal and dynamic ascent of the jet. The remaining quantities are in the previous notation.

A comprehensive model of atmospheric diffusion takes into account the presence of the underlying surface, which causes certain differences in the nature of turbulent diffusion in horizontal and vertical directions. The model takes into account that the sizes of vertical pulsations are limited by the underlying surface, as a result of which we can not take into account the growth of the scale of the vortices with distance from the source and the growth of the cloud. In this regard, the model, in terms of the vertical distribution of the impurity, is constructed as semi-empirical, while the horizontal distribution of the impurity is described on the basis of statistical laws. The ratio reflecting these considerations is:

where S (x, z) is a certain function that describes the laws governing the change in the amount of impurity, if we conditionally assume that all of it is concentrated in the vertical plane x, z.

A specific expression for the function S (x, z) is found by solving the equation of turbulent diffusion in relation to the conditions of emission and propagation of the impurity.

Models describing the propagation of impurities in the atmosphere also differ in the method used to develop the solution of the main equation for the transport and diffusion of the impurity

where K is the vector of turbulent diffusion coefficients;

U is the velocity field vector in the air.

The remaining quantities are in the previous notation.

Models of the spread of harmful substances in aqueous media are somewhat more complicated than models of atmospheric diffusion. The fact is that the aquatic environment is richer in various processes of interaction with the impurities introduced into it.

The main processes of the spread of harmful substances in surface waters are:

- transport with moving masses of water;

- turbulent diffusion of impurities;

- sedimentation at the bottom of a reservoir of harmful substances in the form of suspensions and colloidal particles:

- the transition of sediments containing harmful substances, again in suspension;

- sorption and desorption of harmful impurities of various kinds with inorganic and organic substances;

- capture by biota;

- decomposition and decay (including radioactive) of harmful substances, etc.

With this in mind, the basic equation for the dispersion of harmful (hazardous) substances in water, the driving principle of which is the combination of transport and diffusion processes, has the form

where C is the concentration of the substance;

A - change in the concentration of a substance due to its transport with a stream of water masses, commonly called advection;

D - change in the concentration of a substance due to diffusion;

R is the loss of matter from the aquatic environment due to sedimentation in suspensions followed by deposition;

P - concentration change due to various sources and sinks, sedimentation, biota absorption (biological capture), etc .;

Q is the loss of matter due to decomposition and decay.

In describing atmospheric diffusion, the process of advection and diffusion is considered as a single process of turbulent diffusion. For the aquatic environment, due to the presence of perfectly defined movements of water masses, caused, for example, by river flows, it is more convenient to consider these two transport of matter separately, which is reflected in the above equation. At the same time, for the marine environment, in the mathematical formulation of the problem, advection and diffusion are taken into account in the framework of a single phenomenon - turbulent diffusion.

In the above equation, advection, diffusion and sedimentation of harmful substances in suspensions are described by the equations:

where U, V, W is the speed of movement of water masses along the directions of the axes x, y, z;

K _x , K _y , K _z - components of the diffusion coefficient;

S is the concentration of suspended sediments;

m is the coefficient of equilibrium distribution of matter between sediments and water.

The model of migration and dispersion of harmful substances in groundwater is constructed taking into account vertical transport through a non-saturated region and dispersion and transport in water-saturated zones. When modeling underground hydrological dispersion, processes such as sorption-desorption of substances in soil structures, ion exchange, decomposition of substances by biota, etc. are taken into account. In this case, initial information on the composition of soils and underground water flows is taken into account.

Displaying the results of environmental modeling is carried out by means of GIS, which allow parallel processing of information on several thematic maps and display the generalized result on a single thematic map.

In addition, the GIS allows you to quickly update information, to rank the areas of development of offshore oil and gas fields according to the degree of danger to the state of the environmental components in the interest of environmental management, and also to assess the prevented environmental damage as a result of the joint functioning of the situational and predictive modeling of the environmental situation and the system emergency rescue facilities for offshore oil and gas fields (Nautical objects of economic activity).

GIS is implemented on various types of computer platforms, from centralized servers to individual or networked desktop computers.

GIS software contains the functions and tools necessary for storing, analyzing and visualizing geographic (spatial) information. The key components of software products are: tools for entering and operating geographical information; database management system; tools for supporting spatial queries, analysis and visualization (display); graphical user interface for easy access to tools and features.

GIS stores information in the form of a set of thematic layers that are combined based on geographical location. This simple but very flexible approach has proved its worth in solving a variety of real-world problems: for tracking the movement of vehicles and materials, for a detailed display of the real situation and planned events, for modeling global atmospheric circulation.

GIS-based cartographic databases can be continuous (without dividing into separate sheets and regions) and not related to a specific scale or cartographic projection. On the basis of such databases, it is possible to create maps (in electronic form or as hard copies) to any territory, of any scale, with the desired load, with its selection and display with the required symbols. At any time, the database can be updated with new data (for example, from other databases), and the data available in it can be adjusted and immediately displayed on the screen as needed. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of geospatial data are used (Arc View shapefiles, Oracle and PostgreSQL fundamental network databases).

The final result of processing the measured and archived information is an electronic map, on a variable scale, of the CMA area, on which are marked:

geographic data with reference to the cardinal points. All artificial and natural objects, their characteristics (scale, depth, current velocity, etc.) are indicated here;

the state of potentially environmentally hazardous facilities (normal operation). It also links to the databases of environmentally hazardous facilities, so that at any time you can find out what is happening in this enterprise, what components are used in the production cycle, the state of environmental hazardous systems, the possible consequences of the destruction and leakage of hazardous substances;

the state of the environment according to the main parameters (air, water, soil). This map shows the concentrations of harmful substances that may be in the air, water and soil. The source of entry, the size of the pollution and the rate of transfer of harmful substances are also indicated. Separately on the map are indicated areas where the concentration of harmful substances exceeds the extremely dangerous concentration for humans, biota;

state of natural ecosystems;

the result of the final analysis of the environmental situation with the issuance of recommendations and forecasts (probabilistic assessment). On this integrated map, the status of all the listed objects is indicated, with the allocation of the corresponding zones that characterize the state of the environment (for example, the zone of the normal environmental situation is indicated in green and the zone of the catastrophic environmental situation in red).

The functioning of the environmental monitoring system is organized using a set of environmental monitoring tools (CSEM) deployed in the CMA. The main tasks solved by KSEM MNM:

- the collection of primary information, the creation and maintenance of databases on the sources of harmful environmental impacts, including the OTP zones (ammunition and chemical weapons flooding); on environmental pollution in the area of CMA;

- the formation on the basis of primary information of comprehensive assessments of the state of the environment in the area of the CMA;

- analysis of the current environmental situation in the area of the CMA and forecasting the dynamics of its development during the operation of the field.

KSEM MNM, based on the tasks to be solved, has a hierarchical structure, which includes the following subcomplexes:

- information and measuring subcomplex (IIP);

- data transmission subcomplex (PDP);

- information management subcomplex (IUP).

IIP is a combination of hardware and software that provides:

- receipt (collection) of information on the status of potentially hazardous facilities in the area of the CMA, including OTP (disposal of ammunition and chemical weapons), and on environmental parameters in the controlled territory;

- primary processing of information;

- information transfer to the information management subcomplex;

- maintenance of operational metrological characteristics of equipment.

PDP consists of unified hardware and software for transmitting information. The PDP is combined with the industrial environmental monitoring system of the CMA area and the industrial information management system.

For the transmission of measurement information, telephone channels, radio channels, including satellite, or public communication systems, as well as hydro-acoustic communication channels between underwater control posts, are used. Analogues of radio channels are technical solutions [patent RU No. 2257598, patent RU No. 2173889], and hydro-acoustic communication channel - technical solutions [patent RU No. 2331876].

IUP is a complex of hardware and software that performs the following functions:

- collection of information from the IIP, as well as from sources of information external to the CSEM CMA:

- accumulation, processing, recording and archiving of measurement data;

- information retrieval of the necessary archival information and its delivery to consumers in the established manner;

- maintaining an information (geoinformation) model of the CMA region and adjacent water areas, the formation and accumulation of conditionally constant and operational data on the situation;

- modeling of environmental processes (in particular, processes of transfer and transformation of toxic substances and other pollution), analysis, assessment and forecast of the dynamics of harmful effects;

- distribution of monitoring data among consumers, provision of planned and emergency information to the management of CMA;

- ensuring compatibility with other (external to KSEM MNM) information systems and services;

- the formation of the necessary reporting for the user and regulatory authorities;

- management of the IIP, in particular, the selection of the operating mode of the measuring links, the formation and transmission of the corresponding commands and messages to the IIP.

The quality of sea water is controlled by hydrophysical, hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators. The program of hydrophysical and hydrochemical control of the aquatic environment includes the determination of parameters by the following indicators:

- petroleum hydrocarbons,

- dissolved oxygen,

- pH value,

- redox potential Eh,

- electrical conductivity σ,

- visual or instrumental observations of the state of the sea surface: the presence of floating impurities, films, oil stains, inclusions and other impurities; signs of eutrophication, development, accumulation and death of algae; death of fish and other animals; the appearance of an unusual color, foam,

- salinity

- chlorinated hydrocarbons, including pesticides,

- heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, copper),

- phenols,

- synthetic surfactants,

- nutrients (phosphates, nitrites, nitrates, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, silicon),

- hydrogen sulfide,

- biochemical oxygen demand BOD ₅ ,

- transparency of water,

- color of water,

- ingredients that are part of flooded explosive objects and chemical weapons (trinitrotoluene, mustard gas, chloroacetophenol, diphenylchloroarsin and arsine oil, adamsite), products of their hydrolysis and dissolution in sea water,

- wind speed and direction,

- water and air temperatures,

- excitement.

Radiation monitoring of the aquatic environment includes:

- total γ-activity of sea water,

- total α-activity and total β-activity of sea waters. Controlled hydrobiological indicators of the aquatic environment include:

- phytoplankton (total number of cells, (cells / l); species composition, number and list of species),

- zooplankton (total number of organisms, (ind./m ³ ); species composition, number and list of species),

- microbial indicators (total number of microorganisms; the number of saprophytic bacteria, per 1 ml),

- the concentration of chlorophyll phytoplankton (μg / l);

- the total mass of phytoplankton, (g / m ³ ),

- the number of main systematic groups, the number of phytoplankton groups,

- total biomass of zooplankton, (mg / m ³ ),

- the number of main groups and species of zooplankton,

- biomass of the main groups and species, (mg / m ³ ),

- total biomass of microbes, (mg / l),

- quantitative distribution of indicator groups of marine microflora (saprophytic, oil-oxidizing, xyloxidizing, phenol-oxidizing, lipolytic bacteria, (kg / ml)),

- the intensity of phytoplankton photosynthesis (primary production) (mgS / l · day). Controlled indicators of chemical pollution of bottom sediments include:

- heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cd, Hq),

- the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons,

- organochlorine pesticides and halogen-substituted hydrocarbons,

- polyaromatic hydrocarbons,

- polychlorobiphenyls,

- technogenic radionuclides (Cs-137 and Sr-90),

- components of explosives and chemical weapons (trinitrotoluene, mustard gas, chloroacetophenol, diphenylchloroarsine, arsine oil, adamsite and their hydrolysis products);

- zoobenthos (total number of organisms, (ind./m ² ); total biomass, (g / m ² )),

- phytobenthos (total number of unicellular, filamentous and small colonial algae, (ind./m ² ); total biomass of unicellular, filamentous and small colonial algae, (g / cm ² ); total number of large algae, (ind./m ² ); total biomass of large algae, (g / m ² )).

The nomenclature of controlled indicators of atmospheric air pollution is determined by their lifetime in the atmosphere (from 10 days to a year or more) - these are carbon monoxide CO ₂ , freons and hydrocarbons produced at the CMA to control possible leaks.

Monitoring pollution of water and bottom sediments in the course of work related to the movement and removal of bottom soils includes indicators of water pollution by suspended solids (turbidity) and chemicals, as well as bottom sediments by chemicals.

The observation horizons and the list of indicators monitored at points located at sea include: 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 meters, the bottom (petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, surfactants, phenols, heavy metals).

An additional horizon is the temperature jump layer, at which all determinations are made. Sampling of zooplankton is carried out by a plankton network in layers 0-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-100 m.

Metrological module 47 provides:

- calibration and verification of measuring instruments used in stationary and mobile laboratories, stationary observation posts;

- control of measurement errors performed on universal analyzers;

- communication with state primary and special standards;

- preparation of standard (calibration) samples.

The results of information processing are reports and references on the ecological state of the CMA area, on individual pollutants, objects and sources of pollution; graphical representation of the results of processing measurement information; cartographic representation of the ecological state of the marine environment based on GIS technologies.

Due to the fact that from the point of view of promptness of obtaining information for emergency rescue support (ASO), the requirements for obtaining and analyzing hydrobiological indicators of the ecological state of the water area are not satisfied, for the purposes of ASO in the environmental monitoring system a unit for determining water quality by trophic and saprobic indicators and characteristics bottom sediments 50. There are oligosaprobic (least polluted), mesosaprobic and polysaprobic (most) polluted waters.

The indicators are: dissolved oxygen,% saturation, turbidity (color 5-70 °), BOD ₅ mg O ₂ / l, Kubel permanganate oxidation, mgO / l, ammonium salt, mg / l, nitrates, mg / l, nitrites, mg / l, phosphates, mg / l, hydrogen sulfide, mg / l, which are analyzed according to the following classes of ability: xenosaprobity, oligosaprobity, betamezosaprobnost, alpha-mesobrobnost, polysoprobnost, hypersaprobity.

The sediments of the water area suitable for living organisms include the following deposits: rocky, pebble, gravel, sand (coarse and fine sand), clay, silt, coarse and fine detritus and large organic residues with a predominance of oxidative processes.

Bottom sediments of the water area unsuitable for living organisms include: silts, coarse and fine detritus and large organic residues with a predominance of recovery processes and soils of anthropogenic origin, such as wood fiber from pulp and paper mills, waste rafting, any soil covered with a layer of oil products , regardless of the thickness of the layer.

The dimensional characteristic of fractions of bottom sediments is given in the table.

Dimensional characteristics of fractions of bottom sediments Mineral fractions Particle size, mm Organic fractions Clay less than 0.05 muddy dusty Sandy: fine sand 0.06-0.25 Small detritus medium sand 0.26-0.50 coarse sand 0.51-2.0 Gravel 2.01-40.0 Large detritus Pebble 40.01-100.0 Large organic residues (by the name of the starting material) Stones 100.01-200.0 Boulders More than 200

The characteristics of bottom sediment fractions are determined by processing measurements made by a multi-beam echo sounder 48.

The information-analytical component of the system of situational and predictive modeling of the environmental situation is implemented as a software product that performs operations on:

- assessment of the environmental situation in areas where the offshore oil and gas fields are developed;

- situational modeling of the environmental situation in the areas of the development of offshore oil and gas fields;

- predictive modeling of the environmental situation in areas where the offshore oil and gas fields are developed.

The flowchart of the environmental assessment in the water area based on the results of regular environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment is presented in Fig.4.

Based on the results of the control of the aquatic environment, the assessment of the ecological situation in the water area is established by indicators of trophic saprobity and pollution. At the same time, one of the qualitative assessments is assigned to the aquatic environment in the area where the offshore oil and gas field is developed:

- relatively satisfactory environment (OS),

- tense situation (N),

- critical situation (K),

- crisis situation (crisis),

- environmental disaster (BE).

In parallel, indicators of water pollution in the water area are displayed on sea charts in the form of contours with different values of MPC excesses, the quality of water inside the spots and the relative areas of existing pollution are determined.

The flowchart of the environmental assessment in the water area based on the results of regular environmental monitoring of bottom sediments is presented in FIG.

The results of regular environmental monitoring of bottom sediments are extracted from the EMS source information database. For this, soil samples in the environmental monitoring system carry out organoleptic and structural analysis of samples to establish indicators of soil suitability for fishery purposes and quantitative analysis of the content of harmful substances to establish indicators of soil pollution with harmful substances. For the latter, rationing is performed on the MPC (or Clark value), and the arithmetic mean values for a certain period of obtaining control samples are calculated from the normalized values. As a result, the soil quality in the field is determined by the level of pollution with harmful substances:

- relatively clean soil (OCH),

- moderately contaminated soil (US),

- contaminated soil (S),

- dirty soil (G),

- very dirty soil (O / G).

The categories of quality of soil pollution and the ratio of soil samples with conclusions on suitability / unsuitability for fishery purposes serve to assess the environmental situation at the bottom of the water area (relatively satisfactory, intense, critical, crisis situation or environmental disaster). Corresponding estimates are displayed on the marine maps of the field.

An operational assessment of the environmental situation in the water area is carried out to assess the extent of the emergency and the operational management of the emergency rescue operations.

After registering the parameters on the control routes (at the control points), the contours of harmful effects (pollution) are constructed on sea charts in the shares of MPC on the surface, in the near-surface layer and / or in the water column. The areas of pollution anomalies are determined and, thus, the extent of accidental impacts that are used to organize effective actions to eliminate the consequences of the accident.

A schematic representation of the operations of situational modeling of the environmental situation in the area of the offshore oil and gas field is given in Fig.6.

1. All real and potentially environmentally hazardous objects in the area of the offshore oil and gas field development, located both on the shelf and on land (on the basis of ensuring development of the field) are plotted on a schematic map.

2. A sequential situational review of the nature of the impact of potentially environmentally hazardous facilities on the environmental situation is carried out.

3. Situational modeling of sources and types of pollution is carried out during the regular functioning of facilities and in emergency situations.

In the interests of analysis and evaluation of the processes of formation, distribution and impact of accidental releases, discharges and discharges of various kinds of hazardous substances of radioactive, chemical and biological nature and the development of design schemes, it is provided for:

- modeling of processes of emissions and outflow of hazardous substances in emergency conditions;

- modeling the distribution of the above substances in the environment, taking into account the processes of their atmospheric and hydrospheric dispersion, migration along food chains and transport due to physical and mechanical processes;

- analysis, assessment and development of a design scheme for the exposure of hazardous substances to subjects and objects of technological risk;

- modeling of the processes of formation of dose loads.

When modeling the processes of emissions and outflows of hazardous substances in emergency conditions, the relations known from hydroaeromechanics are used that describe the sources of danger and the outflow of gases and liquids in various conditions.

4. The estimates of the degree of danger of the functioning of production facilities of the field for the state of environmental components, including all emergency situations with environmental consequences, are calculated. Including calculated:

- assessment of the degree of danger of chemical pollution of the surface atmosphere θ ^atm ;

- assessment of the degree of danger of chemical pollution of land θ ^zem ;

- assessment of the degree of danger of chemical pollution of surface water θ ⁱⁿ ;

- assessment of the degree of danger of disturbance to the vegetation cover θ ^pl ;

- assessment of the degree of danger of radioactive contamination θ ^{p / a} ;

- assessment of the degree of danger of integrated toxicity of land surface water θ ^m .

As integral assessments of the degree of danger of functioning of a particular area of the field, use:

- a generalized assessment of the degree of danger of chemical pollution in the area of an offshore oil and gas field θ ^x and an indicator of the degree of anthropogenic impact on the natural-technical system of the offshore zone E.

Since the general chemical pollution of the water area includes three components: global ocean pollution, regional pollution, seas and local pollution caused by the functioning of the field, situational modeling operations also include the operation of identifying the contribution of the field to local chemical pollution of the water area, which allows more correctly assessing environmental damage, applied to the natural-technical system of the mastered shelf. The set of generalized estimates is used to rank individual areas of the development of offshore oil and gas fields according to the degree of environmental hazard, which makes it possible to more efficiently organize an ASO system at the field and improve the organization of environmental safety management.

The composition of the operations of predictive modeling of the environmental situation in the areas of arrangement of offshore oil and gas fields is presented in Fig.7.

A priori, a methodological apparatus for determining unknown modeling parameters is developed and included in operations. In this case, the methodological apparatus includes:

- modeling of processes of emissions and expiration of harmful (hazardous) substances in emergency conditions,

- modeling of the spread of hazardous substances in the environment, taking into account the processes of their atmospheric and hydrospheric dispersion and transport, due to physical and mechanical processes.

When modeling explosive phenomena, data on the energy of the explosion (in TNT equivalent of the explosion) are used.

Due to the fact that various cases of explosions and fires are possible at the field, which must be provided for in the predictive modeling of emergency situations, the software and methodological support for predictive modeling includes:

- calculation of the intensity of thermal radiation and the lifetime of the "fireball",

- calculation of pressure wave parameters during the explosion of a tank with an overheated liquid or liquefied gas when exposed to a fire,

- calculation of pressure wave parameters during the combustion of gas-vapor mixtures in open space,

- calculation of excess pressure developed during the combustion of gas-vapor mixtures in the room,

- calculation of the size of the zones limited by the lower concentration limit of the flame propagation of gases and vapors,

- calculation of the intensity of thermal radiation during fires straits of flammable and combustible liquids,

- and other calculations.

In case of accidents with emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere or water without ignition, models of the spread of harmful substances in the environment are included in the methodological apparatus.

In the event of an emergency that affects the environmental situation, for each emergency object in the field, the knowledge base contains initial data that allow for quick predictive modeling of the spread of harmful effects and take this information into account when eliminating the consequences of the ASO system.

A mandatory list of calculation models includes:

- calculation of the size of the area of the zones of spread of the cloud of pollutants of combustible gases and vapors during an accident,

- calculation of emergency oil spill in the water area and the trajectory of the spot,

- calculation of emergency contamination of the territory with potent toxic substances,

- a model calculation of the penetration of harmful substances (oil products) into the ground during accidental spills (spills).

When conducting situational modeling in the presence of technological hazards, safety classes were used based on an analysis of the potential consequences of malfunctions, which are set by the content and location (Standards DNV-OS-F101). In the future, the JPKF operates in the mode of assessing the environmental situation according to relevant data obtained during industrial environmental monitoring, up to the point in time at which an anomaly in the level of pollution of environmental components is detected.

In the process of functioning of the SMTP EE, the information and measuring subcomplex of the IIM SEM is used as a source of information about the environmental situation in the water area. Models of using IIP for regular and operational environmental monitoring of the water area are presented in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

The system of situational and predictive modeling of the environmental situation (SMTP EE) analyzes all environmentally hazardous situations at facilities participating in the offshore oil and gas field by modeling the sources of harmful effects - fires, explosions, processes of emissions and outflow of hazardous substances in emergency conditions. All possible accident situations are simulated in which people can suffer and which will require actions to save people and evacuate personnel. The simulation results are stored in a database on the environmental situation and in case of emergency upon request, they come from SMTP EE to the Crisis Management Center in the form of:

- maps with drawing probable zones in the lesion focus of the emergency facility;

- numerical data on exposure parameters and possible damage to personnel.

The specified information is preliminary, serves for the operational start of the rescue operation and is subsequently specified on the spot as a result of reconnaissance.

SMTP EE is involved in the elimination of the consequences of accidents with environmental consequences as follows.

On the map of the offshore oil and gas field are all objects that should be considered as sources of environmental hazard during their regular operation and in emergency situations.

The nature of the impact of potentially environmentally hazardous facilities on the environmental situation in the area of the field is considered in sequence.

Situational modeling of sources and types of pollution from potentially environmentally hazardous facilities, industries and production operations that determine the environmental load on the environment is carried out. On thematic maps, possible pollution of environmental components is applied.

The degree of danger of the production activity of an offshore oil and gas field for the state of environmental components is estimated.

1. The ranking of individual areas of the field and various fields is carried out according to the degree of environmental hazard.

2. The contribution of the activity of certain areas of the field to local chemical pollution of the water area and coastal territory is revealed.

The specified sequence of operations is performed repeatedly. Initially, situational modeling of the impact on environmental components is carried out under the condition of the regular functioning of the field facilities. Calculation schemes are checked according to the production environmental monitoring of the environment, if necessary, adjustments are made to the calculation schemes to verify their adequacy to the real situation. In the future, the SMTP EE obtains assessments of the environmental situation according to environmental monitoring and compares the estimates with initial observations. At the same time, the unfavorable dynamics of changes in the environmental situation indicate the accumulation of risk factors for an emergency. For the ASO system, this circumstance indicates the need for preventive measures to prevent, or at least reduce the effects of damaging factors by timely prediction of the conditions for the emergence and development of an emergency and the correct actions of emergency rescue units. In the event of an emergency, the liquidation of the consequences of the accident by the ASO system is carried out using the calculated data for predictive modeling of the spread of harmful substances in the environment, which are carried out in the SMTP EE.

The model of using SMTP EE in response to emergency oil spills through the ASO system at the stages of hydrocarbon production, transportation via tankers, transportation via offshore pipelines, and during oil spills during transshipment at the support bases provides:

- Establishing a place for oil to reach the surface of water or land;

- determination of the place of oil leakage (the place of depressurization of equipment, piping, apparatus, etc.);

- assessment of oil spill parameters (volume, linear dimensions, shape, as well as the dynamics of their changes);

- determination and control of the direction and speed of the oil slick;

- determination and control of environmental parameters;

- distribution of oil films taking into account viscosity, type of oil product, direction and speed of wind and current;

- calculation of the radius, shape and nature of the distribution of the oil slick.

The calculation results are issued to the ASO system in the form of GIS cartographic information, which allows you to operate with data with reference to the coordinates. The results of the calculations are used for planning and conducting emergency rescue operations to eliminate emergency oil spills.

Radioactive contamination of the water area is characterized by the widespread distribution in the water masses of long-lived radionuclides to concentrations equal to tenths of becquerel per liter, and foci of more significant pollution of the water area, especially bottom sediments. The nature of the pollution of water masses is exceptionally dynamic, and the pollution of the bottom is more stable. The environmental assessment of radioactive pollution of the water area is based on mutually complementary standards (criteria) of water pollution and bottom pollution. Depending on the fishing, biological, hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of a particular water area, its maximum radiological capacity may be limited by pollution of either water masses or bottom sediments. At the same time, bottom sediments are not only a depository of radioactive substances, but also a substrate transforming the forms of radionuclides, an object of irradiation of benthic organisms, a source of secondary water pollution and the initial link of radionuclide migration along food chains.

Modern assessment criteria in the soil-biont system are more stable in time than in the water-biont system.

In environmental monitoring of the water area, we restrict ourselves to two control (marker) radionuclides Sr-90 and Cs-137, the control concentrations of which in the soil C _gr serve to predict the radiological situation in the water area.

In the regional assessment of significant biotic and abiotic factors in the water area, the distribution of radionuclides between water, soil and biomass is taken into account using the corresponding accumulation factors.

The main factors are: mineralization of water, ambient temperature, composition of bottom sediments, chemical impurities in water, species composition of ichthyofauna and methods of processing fish.

Control concentrations of marker radionuclides as regional standards for radioactive contamination of the water area are derived from the dose limit. For their calculation as an initial indicator in the system of regional regulation and assessment of radioactive contamination of water bodies, the limit of annual intake (GWP) of radionuclides through the digestive organs for persons of category B is used.

The receipt, processing and transmission of information to the ASO system is carried out with efficiency, ensuring timely and (or) anticipating decision-making on the implementation of emergency rescue and other urgent work. This requirement is implemented in two ways:

a) situational modeling of the ecological situation requires a preliminary analysis of the exhaustive number of scenarios of its formation both in the regular, daily mode of functioning of the field’s infrastructure facilities, and in cases of emergency situations. Therefore, when implementing a certain scenario at the field, it is possible to obtain consistent assessments of the environmental situation and to ascertain the accumulation of risk factors in time, taking preventive measures to prevent an emergency;

b) predictive modeling of the environmental situation in the event of an emergency, accompanied by the spread of harmful effects on people and the environment, allows you to predict the time, depth and intensity of the spread of effects in the environment and organize in time:

- evacuation of people to places outside the area of influence;

- measures to limit the spread of harmful effects in the environment.

The proposed method of collecting information on the ecological state of the region and the automated system of emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region are implemented on serial and approved equipment and software, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Claims (2)

1. A method of collecting information about the ecological state of the region, including the placement of stationary and mobile control posts in the region, a central control panel equipped with measuring equipment for recording signals characterizing the state of the air, water, soil and radiation conditions, followed by analysis of the recorded parameters according to established criteria for the studied region, environmental control of water pollution, bottom sediments and the atmosphere by placing regional devices in the natural environment, registration of signals of hydrophysical fields with subsequent chemiluminescent, chromatographic, ion-selective, spectral and radiometric analysis by special grouping and processing of information, followed by transmission to documentation devices, measuring the temporal variations of the horizontal and vertical components of the vector of hydrophysical and geophysical fields in the controlled region in spaced points with highlighting the variation due to the state vector of the investigated object in the form of an artificial acoustic anomaly in an aqueous medium, with registration of acoustic impedance signals of the bottom layers, detection of molecular spin interactions of sea water protons, identification of artifacts caused by magnetohydrodynamic, bioelectric and concentration effects, determination of the content of synthetic surface-active substances in an aqueous medium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, determination of the concentration of chlorophyll, microorganisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton it, characterized in that the environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere) and the infrastructure of the industrial facility are divided into a number of volumes, for each of which a material balance model is compiled taking into account the communication paths of pollution movement between the established volumes and a predicted model of pollution distribution, while the atmosphere is approximated by a set three-dimensional estimated volumes limited from the source of pollution by scale distances of 0-10 km, 10-200 km, 200-1000 km and more than 1000 km, respectively, while the forecast The second model in the aquatic environment is built taking into account changes in the concentration of pollutants caused by their transport with moving masses of water, turbulent diffusion of impurities, deposition of harmful substances in the form of suspensions and colloidal particles at the bottom of the reservoir, and the transition of sediments containing harmful substances back to suspended the state, by sorption and desorption of harmful impurities by inorganic and organic substances, capture by biota, decomposition and decay, at the hydrosphere horizons of 0.5, 10, 20, 50, 100 m and at the bottom; A forecast model for the spread of pollution in groundwater is built taking into account vertical transport through a non-saturated region, dispersion and transport in water-saturated zones, sorption and desorption of contaminated substances in soil structures, ion exchange, decomposition of pollutants by biota, soil chemical composition and underground water flows; A forecast model of the spread of pollutants on the territory of an industrial facility is constructed by analyzing the Nth number of scenarios of its formation both in the regular (daily) mode of operation of the infrastructure facilities of an industrial facility and in cases of emergencies, while ranking the established volumes by hazard degree for state of environmental components; the degree of pollution of the marine environment is determined by the pollution parameters, which are determined by the integrated assessment of water quality according to hydrophysical, hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators, the degree of soil pollution is determined by organoleptic and structural analysis, the environmental situation in the water area is estimated by the trophic characteristics for the water area and the degree of pollution of the bottom deposits. 2. An automated system for emergency and ecological monitoring of the environment of the region, containing stationary and mobile control posts, direct and feedback links, a central control point, including means for recording, processing, documenting and displaying information, in which the registration means include a device for environmental pollution control, containing a water intake line with hydrophysical field sensors placed on it, connected to the water intake ports of the chemiluminescent devices about, chromatographic, ion-selective, spectral, radiometric analysis, as well as connected with its electrical outputs to the ionizing radiation spectrometer and a combination of logic circuits connected with its electrical outputs to the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer, a filter unit with membrane filters is also installed on the water intake line concentration of chlorophyll, filter plant with a Zeitz funnel for sampling microorganisms, cam Nogott's counter for counting the amount of phytoplankton, Bogrov’s camera for counting the amount of zooplankton, a centrifuge for determining the chlorophyll content, a geophone, a hydrophone, a proton spin echo spectrometer sensor and electrodes connected via their information outputs through a set of corresponding logic circuits to the inputs of the blocks of analysis of chlorophyll, microorganisms, phytoplankton , zooplankton, hydroacoustic signals, spin-relaxation parameters, artifacts, respectively, characterized in that it additionally introduces enes unit television sensors, block infrared radiation sensor, thermal radiation, metrology module, side-scan sonar, multibeam echo sounder, determination unit trofosaprobnym water quality parameters and characteristics of sediments, lidar, penetrometer, the sensor detecting methane, hydrogen sulfide sensor; information display means is made in the form of a geographic information system.

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