RU2439607C1 - Detection method of suffering distress and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue work.

SUBSTANCE: device implementing the method includes a scanning unit and a transmit-receive unit located on the mobile site. The scanning unit includes a master oscillator, a power amplifier, a circulator, a horn transmitting-receiving antenna, two high-frequency amplifiers, a phase detector, a computer, a generator of pseudorandom sequence (PRS), a phase manipulator, two correlators, two adjustable delay units, four multipliers, two low-pass filters, two extremal controls, a range indicator, two-phase dividers by two, two narrow-band filters, a phase meter, a receiving antenna and an angle indicator interconnected in some way. The transmit-receive unit contains a piezo-crystal, a microstrip antenna, two comb electrode systems, tires and a set of reflectors.

EFFECT: enhanced functionality of the method and the device for its implementation by accurately determining the direction to the detected object and the distance to its location.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposed method and device relates to the field of search and rescue systems and can be used for remote search and detection of stray and lost in the forest, distressed in marine conditions fishermen and specialists serving marine terminals for hydrocarbon production, especially in conditions of poor visibility, to search climbers, tourists, mushroom pickers, children, dogs, etc., belonging to the risk group and equipped with a miniature transceiver made in the form of a medallion, keychain, ring, squat, etc.

Known methods and devices for detecting the location of bombarded biological objects or their remains [patents RU No. 2085997, 2105432, 2116099, 2206902, 2248235, 2288486, 2306159; US patent No. 4129868, 4673936; Vinokurov V.K. and others. Safety in mountaineering. - M., 1983, p.136-137; Dikarev V.I. Safety, protection and rescue. - SPb., 2007, p. 61-73 and others].

Of the known methods and devices closest to the proposed are "A method for detecting the location of buried biological objects or their remains and a device for its implementation" [patent RU No. 2248235], which are selected as prototypes.

A device that implements the known method comprises a sanitizing unit and a transceiver unit located at objects belonging to a risk group.

However, the known method and device have low functionality due to the fact that they do not accurately determine the direction of the detected object and the distance to it, i.e. do not provide an accurate location of the detected object.

An object of the invention is to expand the functionality of the method and device for its implementation by accurately determining the direction of the detected object and the distance to its location.

The problem is solved in that a method for detecting a person in distress, consisting, in accordance with the closest analogue, of pre-placing at a facility belonging to a risk group a low-power transceiver, while a piezocrystal with an aluminum interdigital transducer deposited on its surface is used connected with a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, they irradiate with a scanning unit a plot of terrain where an object may be located, directed by an electric an electromagnetic signal, it is received at the object, converted into an acoustic wave, provided for its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, converted the reflected acoustic wave again into an electromagnetic signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emitted it into the ether, receive by the scanning unit, amplify in amplitude, perform synchronous detection, register the selected analog of the modulating code, corresponding which is analyzed according to the structure of the interdigital transducer, analyze it and determine the ownership of the detected object, differs from the closest analogue in that the directional electromagnetic signal is phase-manipulated by a pseudo-random sequence before irradiation, the generated phase-shifted signal, whose internal structure corresponds to the structure of the pseudo-random sequence, is passed through adjustable delay unit, multiply it with a signal with complex phase shift keying, internal the structure of which corresponds to the structure of the pseudorandom sequence and the structure of the interdigital transducer received by the horn transceiver antenna, a low-frequency voltage proportional to the first correlation function R ₁ (τ) is isolated, maintain it at the maximum level by changing the time delay of the first adjustable delay unit and determine the range to detected object, at the same time catch the re-emitted signal with complex phase manipulation of the receiving antenna, horizontal distance from the horn transceiver antenna to a distance d, where d is the measuring base, signals with complex phase-shift keying received by two antennas are sequentially multiplied and phase-divided by two, harmonic oscillations are measured and the phase difference between them is measured, forming the exact but the ambiguous azimuth reference scale for the detected object, a signal with complex phase shift keying, received by the horn transceiver antenna, is passed through the second adjustable delay unit, multiplied by ignalom with a complicated phase-shift keying, received by the receiving antenna, emit a low-frequency voltage proportional to the second correlation function R ₂ (τ), maintain it at a maximum level by changing the time delay of the second variable delay unit and the measured relative time delay between the signals received by two antennas, forming a rough, but unambiguous scale of reference azimuth on the detected object.

The problem is solved in that a device for detecting distressed persons, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, a transceiver associated with the antenna and located on an object belonging to a risk group, and a scanning unit consisting of a master oscillator and a power amplifier, a circulator connected in series the input-output of which is connected to a horn transceiver antenna, a first high-frequency amplifier, a phase detector and a computer, while the transceiver unit is made in the form of a piezoelectric crystal with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer mounted on its surface connected to a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, an interdigital transducer containing two comb systems of electrodes, the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses connected to the microstrip antenna, differs from the closest analogue the fact that it is equipped with a pseudo-random sequence generator, a phase manipulator, two adjustable delay units, four multipliers, two filters low frequency trams, two extreme regulators, a range indicator, a receiving antenna, a second high-frequency amplifier, two narrow-band filters, a phase meter and an angle indicator, and a phase manipulator is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, and the output is connected to the input of the power amplifier and to the second input of the phase detector, to the output of the phase manipulator, the first block of adjustable delay, the first a cutter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier, the first low-pass filter and the first extreme controller, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first adjustable delay unit, the range indicator is connected to the second output of the second high-frequency amplifier, and the second a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier, the first phase divider into two, the first narrow-band filter and phase meter, to the output of the receiving ant the second high-frequency amplifier, the third multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second high-frequency amplifier, the second phase divider into two and the second narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase meter, are connected in series to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier, the second block is connected in series adjustable delay, a fourth multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second high-frequency amplifier, a second low-pass filter and a second extreme regulator, Exit of which is connected to a second input of the second adjustable delay unit, to the second output of which is connected angle indicator, the receiving antenna is spaced horizontally from the transceiver horn antenna at a distance d, where d - measuring base.

The structural diagram of a device that implements the proposed method is presented in figures 1 and 2. Timing diagrams explaining the principle of operation of the device are shown in figure 3.

The device comprises a scanning unit (Fig. 1) and a transceiver unit (Fig. 2) located on an object belonging to a risk group.

The scanning unit (figure 1) contains serially connected master oscillator 1, a phase manipulator 15, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 14, a power amplifier 2, a circulator 3, the input-output of which is connected to a horn transceiver antenna 4, the first high-frequency amplifier 5, a phase detector 6, the second input of which is connected to the output of the phase manipulator 15, and a computer 7. The first adjustable delay unit 17 is connected in series to the output of the phase manipulator 15, the first a multiplier 18, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 5, the first low-pass filter 19 and the first extreme regulator 20, the output of which is connected to the second input of the adjustable delay unit 17, to the second output of which a range indicator 21 is connected. To the output of the first high-frequency amplifier 5, a second multiplier 22 is connected in series, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 5, the first phase divider 23 into two, the first narrow-band filter 24 and the phase meter 25. A second high-power amplifier 27 is connected in series to the output of the receiving antenna 26 frequency, the third multiplier 28, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 27, the second phase divider 29 into two and the second narrow-band filter 30, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase meter 25. K output the first high-frequency amplifier 5 is connected in series to a second adjustable delay unit 32, a fourth multiplier 33, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 27, a second low-pass filter 34 and a second extreme regulator 35, the output of which is connected to the second input of the adjustable delay unit 32, the second output of which is connected to the angle indicator 36.

The first adjustable delay unit 17, the first multiplier 18, the first low-pass filter 19 and the first extreme controller 20 form the first correlator 16.

The second adjustable delay unit 32, the fourth multiplier 33, the second low-pass filter 34 and the second extremal regulator 35 form a second correlator 31.

Antennas 4 and 26 are spaced horizontally at a distance d, where d is the measuring base. The transceiver unit (figure 2) is made in the form of a piezocrystal 8 with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer deposited on its surface, connected to a microstrip antenna 9 and a set of reflectors 13. The interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves (SAW) contains two comb systems of electrodes 10 , tires 11 and 12, which connect the electrodes of each of the combs with each other. The tires, in turn, are connected to the microstrip antenna 9.

The device operates as follows.

The master oscillator 1 is formed of high-frequency oscillations (figure 3, a)

u _c (t) = U _c cos (ω _c t + φ _c ), 0≤t≤T _c ,

where U _c , ω _c , φ _c , T _c is the amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase, and duration of the high-frequency oscillation, which arrives at the first input of the phase manipulator 15, the second input of which is supplied with a modulating pseudorandom sequence (PSP) from the output of the generator 14 of the PSP . The latter is a shift register encompassed by logical feedbacks. Feedback is carried out by modulo adding two output voltages of two or more stages and supplying the resulting voltage to the input of the first stage. The repetition period (duration) of such a code sequence is m = 2 ⁿ -1, where n is the number of stages of the shift register.

At the output of the phase manipulator 15, a phase-manipulated signal (PSK) is generated

,

,

- манипулируемая составляющая фазы, отображающая закон фазовой манипуляции в соответствии с модулирующей ПСП, причем

при кτ_э<t<(к+1)τ_э и может изменяться скачком при t=кτ_э, т.е. на границах между элементарными посылками (к=1, 2, …, N-1);Where

- the manipulated component of the phase, displaying the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating SRP, and

at kτ _e <t <(k + 1) τ _e and can change abruptly at t = kτ _e , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (k = 1, 2, ..., N-1);

τ _e , N ₁ - the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T ₁ (T ₁ = N ₁ τ _e ), which through the power amplifier 2 and circulator 3 enters the horn transceiver antenna 4, is emitted by it in the direction of the terrain , where the mobile object is supposedly located, is captured by the microstrip antenna 9 of the transceiver located on the mobile object. The latter is a piezocrystal 8 with an aluminum thin-film interdigital SAW transducer deposited on its surface, which consists of two comb systems of electrodes 10 deposited on the surface of the piezocrystal 8. The electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses 11 and 12. The tires, in turn, connected to the microstrip antenna 9.

The principle of operation of the interdigital transducer of a surfactant is based on the fact that the electric fields in space and time created in a piezoelectric crystal by a system of electrodes cause elastic strains due to the piezoelectric effect, which propagate in the crystal as a surfactant.

Surface acoustic waves are waves propagating along the surface of solids in a relatively thin surface layer. The propagation velocity of surfactants in crystals is approximately five orders of magnitude lower than the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves. This means that on the centimeter of the crystal, you can place information that will fill a kilometer-long cable.

The high information capacity of instruments based on surface acoustic waves was first used in delay lines, which make it possible to store, transform, channel, divert and reflect the signals propagating in them.

The basis of the operation of devices on surfactants are three physical processes:

- conversion of the input electrical signal into an acoustic wave;

- propagation of an acoustic wave along the surface of the sound duct;

- the inverse transformation of the surfactant into an electrical signal.

For direct and reverse surfactant conversion, surface acoustic wave transducers are used, the most common of which are interdigital transducers.

The received PSK signal u ₁ (t) is converted by an interdigital transducer into an acoustic wave, which propagates along the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 8, is reflected from the reflectors 13, and again converted into an electromagnetic signal with complex phase shift keying (PSK)

,Where

,

- манипулируемая составляющая фазы, отображающая закон фазовой манипуляции в соответствии с моделирующим кодом M(t) (фиг.3, б), причем

при кτ_э<t<(к+1)τ_э и может изменяться скачком при t=кτ_э, т.е. на границах между элементарными посылками (к=1, 2, …, N₂-1, N=N₁+N₂);

- the manipulated component of the phase, displaying the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modeling code M (t) (Fig.3, b), and

at kτ _e <t <(k + 1) τ _e and can change abruptly at t = kτ _e , i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (k = 1, 2, ..., N ₂ -1, N = N ₁ + N ₂ );

τ _e , N is the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T _c (T _c = Nτ _e ).

и структурой встречно-штыревого преобразователя

имеет индивидуальный характер и содержит всю необходимую уникальную информацию об обнаруженном объекте (например, если это альпинист или турист, то фамилия, имя, отчество, год рождения и т.п.).Moreover, the internal structure of the formed QPSK signal with complex phase manipulation is determined by the structure of the SRP

and interdigital transducer structure

has an individual character and contains all the necessary unique information about the discovered object (for example, if it is a climber or a tourist, then last name, first name, middle name, year of birth, etc.).

The generated PSK signal 112 (1) is radiated by the microstrip antenna 9 and captured by antennas 4 and 26:

- время запаздывания переизлученного сигнала относительно зондирующего;Where

- the delay time of the re-emitted signal relative to the probing;

R is the distance from the scanning unit to the transceiver unit located on the mobile object;

C is the wave propagation velocity.

The QPSK signal u ₃ (t) from the output of the horn transceiver antenna 4 through the circulator 3 and the high-frequency amplifier 5 is fed to the first input of the phase detector 6, the second input of which is supplied with the QPSK signal u ₁ (t) from the output of the phase manipulator 15 as reference voltage. As a result of synchronous detection at the output of the phase detector 6, a low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig.3, g)

,

,

Where

proportional to the modulating code M (t) (Fig.3, b). This voltage is recorded and analyzed in computer 7.

The PSK signal u ₃ (t) and u ₄ (t) from the outputs of high-frequency amplifiers 5, 27 are simultaneously received at the inputs of phase doublers 22 and 28, which are used as multipliers, the two signals of which supply the same signal. The outputs of the multipliers 22 and 28 form the following harmonic voltages:

Where

Since 2φ _k (t-τ _s ) = {0; 2π}, then in the indicated voltages phase manipulation is already absent.

The width of the spectrum Δf _c FMN signal is determined by the duration τ _{e of} its elementary premises Δf _c = 1 / τ _e . Whereas the width of the spectrum Δf _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is determined by the duration T _{s of the} signal Δf ₂ = 1 / T _c .

Therefore, when doubling the phase of the broadband QPSK signal, its spectrum collapses N times Δf _c / Δf ₂ = N.

Voltages u ₅ (t) and u ₆ (t) are supplied to the inputs of the phase dividers 23 and 29 into two, respectively, at the output of which the following harmonic voltages are generated:

which are allocated by narrow-band filters 24, 30 and fed to the two inputs of the phase meter 25. Phase 25 measures the phase difference

where d is the distance between antennas 4 and 26 (measuring base);

λ is the wavelength;

α is the angular coordinate (azimuth) to the detected mobile object.

This forms the phase scale for reading the angular coordinate α: accurate, but ambiguous.

The QPSK signal u ₁ (t) from the output of the phase manipulator 15 simultaneously enters the first input of the multiplier 18 through the first block 17 adjustable delay

where τ is the variable delay introduced by the adjustable delay unit 17.

To the second input of the multiplier 18 is fed the PSK signal from u ₃ (t) from the output of the high-frequency amplifier 5. The voltage obtained at the output of the multiplier 18 is passed through a low-pass filter 19, the output of which forms a low-frequency voltage proportional to the correlation function R ₁ (τ). The extreme controller 20, designed to maintain the maximum value of the correlation function R ₁ (τ) and connected to the output of the low-pass filter 19, acts on the control input of the adjustable delay unit 17 and maintains the delay τ introduced by it equal to τ _s (τ = τ _s ), which corresponds to the maximum value of the correlation function R ₁ (τ). The range indicator 21 associated with the scale of the adjustable delay unit 17 allows you to directly read the measured value of the distance R from the scanning unit to the transceiver unit located on the mobile object

At the same time, the PSK signals u ₃ (1) and u ₄ (t) from the outputs of the high-frequency amplifiers 5 and 27 are fed to the two inputs of the second correlator 31, consisting of the second adjustable delay unit 32, the second multiplier 33, the second low-pass filter 34 and the second extreme controller 35. In this case, the scale of the second block 32 adjustable delay (angle indicator 36) is graduated directly in the values of the angular coordinate of the detected mobile object

where τ _s1 = t ₁ -t ₂ ,

t ₁ t ₂ - travel time of the re-emitted PSK signal u ₂ (t) of the distance from the mobile object to the antennas 4 and 26, respectively.

This forms the time scale for reading the angular coordinate (azimuth): rough, but unequivocal.

The main characteristics of the device for detecting the location of mobile objects include the following:

- transmitter power of the scanning unit is average - not more than 100 MW;

- frequency range - 400-420 MHz (900-920 MHz);

- detection range - not less than 2000 m;

- the number of code combinations - 2 ³² -2 ¹²⁸ ;

- type of emitted signal - a signal with phase shift keying;

- type of reflected (re-emitted) signal — broadband signal with phase shift keying (signal base B = Δf _c , T _c = 200-1000, Δf _c - spectrum width);

- dimensions of the transceiver located on the mobile object - 8 × 15 × 5 mm;

- the service life of the transceiver is not less than 20 years;

- power consumed by the transceiver - 0 W.

Each prospective participant in activities that may make this participant potentially affected is a risk group and should be equipped with a fairly simple, reliable and miniature device (such as a keychain, ring or small medallion) that should not impede the owner’s normal activities, but should bear You need unique information about this owner.

The second important requirement for this device is the ability to remotely read the information that it carries, an unlimited number of times, without any involvement of the owner, and after a long time, for example, after falling asleep.

The main advantage of using a transceiver for surfactants is the ability to produce a passive, i.e. not requiring power sources, small-sized transceiver. Another advantage is the possibility of combining the functions of energy reemission, coding of constant information about a mobile object and the functions of a sensor of any physical quantity in one device with a simple design.

A positive property of a surfactant transceiver is also the low cost of long-term operation (lack of batteries and long MTBF).

A great advantage of the proposed method and device is also the use of biologically safe, specially synthesized signals with phase manipulation.

From the point of view of detection, these signals have energetic and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of broadband QPSK signals is due to their high compressibility in time or spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, the broadband QPSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a broadband signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point in this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of broadband QPSK signals is caused by a wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter values, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of broadband signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiving device.

Broadband FMN signals allow the use of a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to distinguish these signals from other signals and interference operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

Thus, the proposed method and device in comparison with the prototypes not only provide search, detection of an object and determine its affiliation, but also allow you to accurately and unambiguously determine the direction of the detected object and the distance to its location. In this case, an increase in the accuracy of direction finding of the detected object is achieved by increasing the measuring base d, and the resulting ambiguity is eliminated by the correlation processing of the received signals with phase shift keying. Thus, the functionality of the method and device is expanded.

Claims (2)

1. A method for detecting distressed persons, which consists in preliminarily placing at a facility belonging to a risk group a low-power transceiver, using a piezocrystal with an aluminum interdigital transducer applied to its surface connected to a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors as a transceiver, using a scanning unit, the area where the object can be located, directed by an electromagnetic signal, take it on the object, convert it into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, convert the reflected acoustic wave again into an electromagnetic signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it into the ether, receive with a scanning unit, amplify in amplitude, perform synchronous detection register the selected analogue of the modulating code corresponding to the structure of the interdigital converter, analyze it and op the accessory of the detected object is distinguished, characterized in that the directed electromagnetic signal is phase-manipulated by a pseudo-random sequence before irradiation, the generated phase-shift signal, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the pseudo-random sequence, is passed through the first adjustable delay unit, multiplied by a signal with complex phase-shift keying, whose internal structure corresponds to the structure of the pseudo-random sequence and the structure of the interdigital transducer received by the horn transceiver antenna, a low-frequency voltage proportional to the first correlation function R ₁ (τ) is isolated, it is maintained at the maximum level by changing the time delay of the first adjustable delay unit and the range to the detected object is determined, while the re-emitted signal from complex phase manipulation of the receiving antenna, spaced horizontally from the horn transceiver antenna at a distance d, where d - and measuring base, signals with complex phase-shift keying received by two antennas are sequentially multiplied and phase-divided by two, harmonic oscillations are extracted and the phase difference between them is measured, forming an accurate but ambiguous azimuth reference scale for the detected object, a signal with complex phase-shift keying, received by the horn transceiver antenna, passed through the second block of adjustable delay, multiply it with a signal with complex phase shift keying received by the receiving antenna, emit low frequencies th voltage proportional to the second correlation function R ₂ (τ), maintain it at a maximum level by changing the time delay of the second variable delay unit and the measured relative time delay between the signals received by two antennas forming a rough but unambiguous scale reference azimuth on the detected object . 2. A device for detecting distressed persons, comprising a transceiver associated with an antenna and located on an object belonging to a risk group, and a scanning unit consisting of a master oscillator and serially connected power amplifier, a circulator, the input-output of which is connected to a horn transceiver antenna, the first high-frequency amplifier, phase detector and computer, while the transceiver unit is made in the form of a piezocrystal with an aluminum thin-film interdigital applied to its surface the second transducer associated with the microstrip antenna and the set of reflectors, the interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes, the electrodes of each of their combs are connected to each other by buses connected to the microstrip antenna, characterized in that it is equipped with a pseudo-random sequence generator, a phase manipulator, two adjustable delay units, four multipliers, two low-pass filters, two extreme controllers, range indicator, receiving antenna th, a second high-frequency amplifier, two narrow-band filters, a phase meter and an angle indicator, and a phase manipulator is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, and the output is connected to the input of the power amplifier and to the second input of the phase detector, to the output of the phase manipulator is connected in series with the first block of adjustable delay, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier, the first fil three low frequencies and the first extreme controller, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first adjustable delay unit, the range indicator is connected to the second output of the second multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier, is connected to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier, the first a phase divider into two, the first narrow-band filter and a phase meter, a second high-frequency amplifier, a third multiplier, and a second One of which is connected to the output of the second high-frequency amplifier, a second phase divider into two and a second narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase meter, the second variable delay unit, the fourth multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output, are connected in series to the output of the first high-frequency amplifier a second high-frequency amplifier, a second low-pass filter and a second extremal regulator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second adjustable delay unit, to the second output of orogo angle indicator is connected, a receiving antenna is spaced horizontally from the transceiver horn antenna at a distance d, where d - measuring base.

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