RU2438742C1 - Device for training muscles and for determining and development of personal condition and coordination abilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sport and game-like simulators and is designed to identify and develop personal condition and coordination abilities. The device for muscle training and to identify and develop condition and coordination abilities of a person contains a power unit, a control unit and a unit of programs. The first one is composed of "game core", made with the expectation of changing the length of the lever - the working part of the game core", a handle equipped with two buttons and connected to one end of the "game core" and the other end of which is made in the form of a ball and placed in a glass, making a medium of adjustable friction for the ball. It is provided with a tightening unit and two elements rubbing the ball located in the upper and lower parts of the ball. Based on the fixed plate and the ball, the rubbed elements are pressed to the latter with the tightening unit formed by two movable and one stationary plates, four traction bars, a conical spring, a rod, a lever, a connecting strip, a traction pin with a groove along the length of the front part and a guiding traction device having a guiding element and a traction screw-nut. Circular holes are made in the rubbing elements, summarising, movable and fixed plates. The control unit is contains video and audio channels and a node for definition the heart rate, which is connected to the LPT-port of the system unit. ^ EFFECT: creation of a uniform dose resistance to "game core" within the entire given sector of its displacement. ^ 4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sports and gaming simulators, and is also intended for determining and developing conditional (speed, speed-power qualities, endurance, etc.) and coordination (accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of spatial, temporal and power parameters of movements, balance, speed and accuracy of response to a changing situation, coordination of movements, orientation in space) of a person’s abilities. It combines the advantages of a game and training on simulators.

A device is known [1], intended to strengthen the muscles of the abdomen at the waist, muscles located in the back and buttocks, as well as all other muscles of the body, including the base, the rod, which can move in any direction, one of the ends of which has a handle, and its other end is connected to the base through a communication mechanism. The communication mechanism includes a ball at the end of the rod, the ball is placed in the pipe, the upper end of which is made to correspond to the upper end of the ball, the lower end of the pipe is attached to the base. The ball may move in all directions in response to the movement imparted to the ball, within a place bounded by the upper end of the pipe and the part forming a place for the ball mounted on the base, by means of an adjusting mechanism to control the friction of the ball.

The advantage of this device is that it is able to affect the muscles of almost the entire human body, in particular, to strengthen the abdominal muscles at the level of the waist and buttocks. The device takes up little space, compact and not very expensive, offers continuous resistance to the movements of the rod in all directions and allows you to adapt, carrying out friction depending on the position of the person performing the exercise.

The disadvantages of this device are the following:

- the use of metal friction on metal;

- relatively complex construction of the used ball;

- there is no way to obtain biomechanical characteristics of the movement;

- there is no feedback - the response of the human body to the performed motor action or to the received load.

A technical solution is known - a “power joystick” [2], which has almost all the elements of the electrical circuit of a conventional “joystick”, but the design itself is designed to exert considerable effort on a durable “game rod”, made with the expectation of changing the resistance values. To do this, spiral spring springs are used, fixed on a massive base. Changing the resistance values by the effort of the practitioner is ensured both by changing the length of the lever (the working part of the "game rod"), and by controlling the stiffness of the spiral spring.

The advantage of this technical solution is that it controls the movements of the figures on the screen of the monitor (display) of the personal computer by means of this power device, fully fulfilling the functions of the “Joystick”, by applying a dosed force to it in magnitudes and directions.

The disadvantage of this device is that it is not possible to smoothly adjust the dosed load resistance depending on the functional state of the student, therefore, removable handles are used that provide different conditions for gripping and applying force, and, in addition, the greatest force is manifested with the maximum withdrawal of the "game rod" from equilibrium positions.

Known technical solution "Device for training muscles" [3], containing a "game rod" made with the possibility of changing the magnitude of the resistance provided by changing the length of the lever - the working part of the "game rod", several modifications of the removable handles for attachment to one end " game rod ”, each of which is equipped with buttons, an electric cable for connecting to the system unit of a personal computer and a base for attaching the device to it using fastening ele ntents, an optical “mouse” that controls the cursor position on the monitor screen depending on the movement of the “game rod”, the keys of which are connected electrically with the buttons of the connected handle, while the other end of the “game rod” is made in the form of a ball placed in a glass forming a controlled friction medium for the ball, and a controlled friction medium is provided with a tightening unit and elements rubbing against the ball located in the upper and lower parts of the glass, the tightening unit includes an upper circular movable plate, lower fixed plate and rubber damper plate, in the upper moving element, in the upper moving plate and rubber damper plate, as well as in the lower rubbing element and fixed plate, circular through holes are made, the first to move the “game rod”, and the second to scan the surface of the ball with an optical mouse.

The advantage of this device is the creation of uniform resistance to the "game rod" within a given sector of its movement and smooth adjustment of this resistance.

The disadvantage of this device is the narrow adjustment range provided by the tightening mechanical unit, and the associated difficulty in setting the required value of the resistance.

The closest technical solution, taken as a prototype, is “A device for training muscles and for determining and developing human conditioning and coordination abilities” [4], which contains a power unit, a control unit and a program unit, the first of which includes a “gaming "rod", made with the expectation of changing the length of the lever - the working part of the "game rod", a handle equipped with two buttons, connected to one end of the "game rod", the other end of the "game rod" is made in in the form of a ball placed in a glass, forming a controlled friction medium for the ball, provided by means of a tightening unit and friction elements acting on the ball located in the upper and lower parts of the glass, the lower of them is placed on a fixed plate and the ball is supported on it, and the upper using the first movable plate, the rubbing element is pressed against the ball by means of traction rods connecting the first movable plate to the second movable plate, moreover, in the upper rubbing element and the first movable plate through the hole, and also in the lower friction element and the lower fixed plate, through circular holes are made, the first for moving the “game rod”, and the second for scanning the surface of the ball with an optical “mouse” attached to the bottom of the fixed plate and included in the control unit and controlling the cursor position on the display screen of a personal computer, depending on the movement of the “game rod”, the keys of which are connected by electrical taps to the mentioned buttons of the connected handle, and by cable, it is connected to the system unit of a personal computer operating under control of programs included in the program block; in addition, the tightening unit of the power unit along with known elements also includes additional n pull rods and n cone-shaped springs worn on the rods and located between the first movable plate and the upper rubbing element on the summing plate, the rod fixed in the second movable plate is equidistant from the attachment of the pull rods in it and the lower mouse, the lever mounted on the corners mounted on the inner side wall of the glass and connected at one end to the rod, and the other end through a slot in the wall of the glass and the connecting bar - with a traction pin having a flat along its entire length and passing through the guide - a traction device, incorporating a guiding element and a traction "wing nut", and which is installed on the outer side surface of the glass in its upper part, in addition, a circular hole is also made in the summing plate and In the upper half of the said ball, the friction between the ball and the rubbing element is increased, while the power unit is attached to the platform on which the practitioner is standing, and the mentioned optical “mouse” is connected to the system unit of the personal computer via the USB - Universal Serial Bus interface, and in the control unit video and sound channels and a heart rate determination unit connected to the LPT port of the system unit, and for displaying the game scene in the program block, a three-dimensional graphics program is used, where as A butterfly with a variable color is selected for the control object, and its movements towards the ring are accompanied by selected musical melodies, while the program block also includes service, information, registration and mathematical programs that are installed before the device operates on the hard disk of the personal computer system unit.

The advantage of this technical solution is:

- compactness and simplicity of design;

- application of video and sound channels;

- application of the principle of the lever and its modification of the mini-gate to increase pressure on the ball;

- the use of three-dimensional graphics program for high-quality images on the display screen of a personal computer;

- monitoring the well-being of the student.

However, it is not without flaws, namely:

- used a large number of conical springs and, as a result, there is a deflection of the summing plate;

- a relatively small load on the muscles of the legs of the student;

- inconvenience with the optical mouse: to remove it, you need to disassemble almost the entire device;

- not every optical mouse is suitable for this device, but only in a miniature design.

The objective of the invention is to develop a device in which the advantages of the prototype are preserved and its disadvantages are eliminated.

The indicated task in the “Device for muscle training and for determining and developing human conditioning and coordination abilities”, containing a power unit, a control unit and a program unit, includes an optical mouse connected to the system unit of a personal computer via a USB port, and video and audio channels and a node for determining the heart rate of the student connected to the LTP port or USB port of the system unit, and for the display of the game script in the program block, the program MA of three-dimensional graphics and, in addition, the program block includes utility, information, registration and mathematical programs installed on the hard drive of a personal computer before working on the device, and the power block located on the base includes a game rod designed for the ability to change the length of the lever - the working part of the game rod, a handle equipped with buttons and connected to one end of the game rod, the other end of the game rod is made in the form of a ball placed in akane, which forms a controlled friction medium for the ball, which is provided with the help of a tightening unit and the friction elements located on the upper and lower parts of the ball acting on the ball, while the lower friction element is placed on the fixed plate and the ball is supported on it, and the upper friction element using the first movable plate is pressed against the ball by means of traction rods connecting the first movable plate to the second movable plate, and in the upper friction element, in the summing plate and the first Through the sliding plate, as well as in the lower rubbing element and the lower fixed plate, through circular holes are made, the first for moving the game rod, and the second for scanning the surface of the ball with an optical mouse attached to the bottom of the fixed plate and controlling the cursor position on the personal computer display screen depending on moving the game rod, the keys of which are connected by electrical taps to the mentioned buttons of the connected handle, and by means of an electric cable, it is connected on to the system unit of a personal computer operating under control of the programs included in the program block, wherein the tightening unit comprises a spring and traction rods covering the first movable plate and passing through the summing plate, the upper and lower friction elements, the lower fixed plate and fixed in the second the movable plate on which the rod is located is equidistant from the attachment of the pull rods in it, and the second movable plate itself is placed below the optical mouse, a lever fixed inside the glass and connected at one end with the rod and its other end through a slot in the side wall of the glass and the first connecting bar - with a traction pin passing through the guide and traction device, which includes guide means and a traction nut and mounted on the outer side surface of the glass, it is solved by the fact that four pull rods and one common cone-shaped spring of sufficient stiffness located in the center between the first movable plate and the summing plate, narrow with the end directed towards the last and covering the game rod, a miniature optical mouse is used, mounted in a glass so that, if necessary, it can be removed through a window in the side wall of the glass, and the gap between the surface of the ball and the optical mouse does not exceed the manufacturer’s optical mouse for its normal operation, while the first end of the lever fixed to the corner inside the glass is connected to the rod through the second connecting strip, and the specified pin has a groove along its entire length a threaded part into which a part of the first screw is prevented from being screwed through the guide means of the screw, a cylindrical groove is made in the traction nut, into which a part of the second screw, which limits its longitudinal movement, is screwed, while the diameter of the traction nut is many times larger the diameter of the specified hairpin, as a result of which a minivore is formed, in addition, an additional eight nodes of exposure to the muscles of the legs of the practitioner are introduced into the power block, times even in the cassette along the edges of the base and connected via USB ports to the system unit of the personal computer, the game rod being locked upright when these nodes are working, and a snake of varying color is selected as the control object in the program block when working with the game rod whose movements toward food moving randomly, according to the law of random numbers, are accompanied by selected melodies, and when working with the indicated eight nodes, the control object itself is , Color highlighting of each node can be carried out and also vary according to the law of random numbers, dealing must step on each node lights up either the left or right foot, "quenching" him, and all this is taken into account in the software.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution is the following.

In the power block:

firstly, the tightening unit includes four (4) traction rods and one common cone-shaped spring of sufficient rigidity, located in the center between the first movable plate and the summing plate, with a narrow end directed to the last and covering the game rod;

secondly, a miniature optical mouse is used, mounted in a glass in such a way that, if necessary, it can be removed through a window in the side wall of the glass, and the gap between the surface of the ball and the optical mouse does not exceed the optical mouse guaranteed by the manufacturer for its normal operation;

thirdly, the first end of the lever fixed at one corner inside the glass is connected to the rod through a second connecting strip;

fourthly, the stud has a groove along the entire length of its threaded part, into which a part of the first screw is screwed out through the guide means to prevent rotation of the specified studs, and a cylindrical groove is made in the traction nut, into which a part of the second screw bounds through the guide means is screwed its longitudinal movement;

fifthly, eight (8) nodes of the impact on the muscles of the practitioner's legs were introduced, placed in the cassette uniformly along the edges of the base and connected via the USB port to the system unit of the personal computer, and when these nodes are in operation, the game rod is locked in a vertical position.

In the program block:

when working with the game rod, a snake of varying color was chosen as the control object, the movements of which toward food, moving randomly, according to the law of random numbers, are accompanied by selected tunes, and when working with the indicated eight nodes, the control object itself is engaged, since the color illumination of each node It is also carried out according to the law of random numbers, and the student must step on each “catching fire” node with his left or right foot.

In the inventive device, the distinctive features exhibit properties known in other fields of science and technology, and taken in accordance with the characteristics of the prototype exhibit properties that allow you to create uniform dosed resistance to the "game rod" within the entire specified sector of its movement, smoothly expand the value of this resistance, determine and promote the development of human conditioning abilities, adjust the load depending on the functional state of the person and increase be an impact on leg muscles are involved that indicates conformity of the claimed technical solution to the criterion "significant differences".

The proposed device is illustrated by schematic drawings.

Figure 1 and 2 shows a schematic diagram of a device with nodes and elements, their connection to computer technology, explaining the principle of operation.

Figures 3 and 4 show a part of a power unit with a game rod.

Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 show a schematic design and a possible diagram of a node for influencing the muscles of the legs of the practitioner, where in Fig. 5 is a top view of the cassette, in Fig. 6 is a front view of the unit, in Fig. 7 is a view of it above and in Fig.8 is a possible electrical diagram of the load node.

Figures 9, 10 and 11 show a heart rate determining unit (HR).

The inventive device contains three blocks: a power unit, a control unit and a program unit.

The power unit (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) consists of a base 1 on which a glass 2 is attached, into which a “game rod” 3 with a handle 4 with two buttons 5 and 6 mounted on it, and a cassette 7 are mounted with load nodes on which the student becomes.

The control unit contains a personal computer 8 (outlined by a dot-dash line) with a display 9, a keyboard 10, a system unit 11 with a drive 12 through which software is entered into the personal computer 8. The display 9, the system unit 11, the video card 13 and the corresponding piece of software form a video channel 14 of the device (outlined by a dashed line). The sound card 15, the speakers 16 and the corresponding piece of software form an audio channel 17 connected to the common bus of the system unit 11 (outlined by a dashed line) and accompanying the images of the video channel 14. The heart rate sensor 18 and the amplifier-driver 19 form a heart rate determining unit 20 connected with a USB port 21 of the system unit 11. Information about the operation of the contents of the glass 2 is connected to the system unit 11, for example, using an optical mouse 24 is entered via the Uniwersal Serial Bus (USB) 22 interface.

The amplifier-driver 19, the pulse sensor 18 and eight load nodes 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 through the cable 33 and the switch 34 are powered from the power source 23.

Management of load nodes is carried out by a personal computer 8, i.e. its system unit 11, through multicore cables 35 and 36 connecting these nodes through USB ports 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44, respectively, of cable 35 and USB ports 45, 46, 47, 48 , 49, 50, 51, and 52 of cable 36.

In the program block, when working with the game rod, a snake of varying color is selected as the control object, the movements of which toward food, moving randomly, according to the law of random numbers, are accompanied by selected melodies, and when working with the indicated eight nodes, the control object itself is engaged, since the color the illumination of each node is also carried out according to the law of random numbers, and the student must step on each “catching fire” node with his left or right foot.

Consider the power unit in more detail (Fig.3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). It is made in two parts. The first part of the power block is made in the form of load resistance mainly for the upper limbs and the shoulder girdle involved (Figs. 3 and 4), and the second part is an additional load for its lower limbs and for the development of conditioning and coordination abilities (Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8).

In the first part (Figs. 3, 4), the other end of the “game rod” 3 is made in the form of a ball 53 placed in a glass 2, forming a controlled friction medium for the ball 53. This medium is provided using a tightening unit and two elements rubbing against the ball 53 54 and 55, located respectively in the upper and lower parts of the ball 53. Based on the fixed plate 56 and the ball 53, the rubbing elements 54 and 55 are pressed against the ball 53 of the "game rod" 3 by a tightening unit formed by the upper first movable plate 57, the lower 56 stationary plate and second movable layer another 58, pulled together by four pull rods 59, 60, 61, 62 with fixing nuts 63, for example, a conical spring 64, placed between the first movable plate 57 and the summing plate 65, covering the game rod, rod 66 with a fixing nut, lever 67, fixed at an angle 68 mounted on the inner side wall of the cup 2, made in the form of a prism with a square cross section and connected at one end to the stem 66 through the first connecting bar 69, and the other end through a slot in the side wall of the cup 2 and the second soy an intermediate bar 70 — with a pull pin 71 passing through the guide and pull device 72, which includes a guide consisting of a screw 73 and a groove 74 on the pin 71, and a pull nut 75 with auxiliary elements: screw 76 and cylindrical groove 77. K an optical mouse 24 is attached to the bottom 56 of the fixed plate, the scanning surface of the ball 53. From the left button of the optical mouse 24, electric taps are made, ending in buttons 5 and 6 (Figs. 1 and 2). Using the connector 79, the handle 4 is changed. The optical mouse 24 is connected via an electric cable 78 also to the system unit 11 of the personal computer 8. In the upper 54 rubbing element, the first movable plate 57 and the summing plate 65, through circular holes are made to move the game rod 3. In the lower 55 rubbing element and the lower 56 fixed plate, through circular holes are also made, but for scanning with the optical mouse 24 the surface of the ball 53. The glass 2 is attached to the base 1 using, for example, screws or a screw at 80, 81, 82, and 83.

This part of the power block works as follows.

 Using screws or screws 80, 81, 82, 83, fix the glass 2 on the base 1.

Using an electric cable 78, an optical mouse 24 is connected to the system unit 11 of the personal computer 8. Using the pulling nut 75 of the guide-traction device 72, the required resistance of the game rod 3 is set. After that, the game rod 3 is started to move, controlling the position of the cursor on the display screen 9 of the personal computer 8.

Moving the game rod 3 away from you, move the cursor to the top of the screen of the display 9 vertically, moving the game rod 3 to yourself, move the cursor to the bottom of the screen vertically. Moving the game rod by the handle 4 to the left (Fig. 1), move the cursor horizontally to the left of the display screen 9, moving the game rod 3 to the right, move the cursor horizontally to the right of the display screen 9. Thus, moving the game rod 3 in space , move the cursor around the entire screen of the display 9 and at the same time set the physical loads on various muscles and muscle groups of the shoulder girdle and partly the muscles of the back of the practitioner, and with appropriate software set the intellectual loads.

Before describing how this part of the device works, we briefly describe the applied control method.

The virtual control object is a snake, its movements on the display screen. The direction of its movement is changed by moving the power manipulator (game rod). The speed of her movement is set by the student or teacher and depends on the level of difficulty of the task. Depending on the level of difficulty, the snake changes its appearance, supporting the interest of the student in the game.

The player who is engaged in the task is to conduct a snake for a given period of time to the largest possible number of food sources that occur in random places on the display. The number of food sources through which the player passes the snake per unit time will be called the speed of passage of food sources. This speed is the criterion by which to assess the psychophysical state of the player.

In a random place in the playing space, a food source arises. When a snake approaches it, it disappears and a new one appears in another place. The following are also displayed on the screen: 1) the number of the difficulty level; 2) the number of food sources covered in recent times; 3) game time - training in minutes and seconds.

The difficulty level is directly related to physical activity and varies according to the results of the game (depends on the speed of the snake's food sources), taking into account the physical fitness and reaction of the student and his motor experience. The practitioner experiences a load controlling the game through this part of the power block.

The goal of load management in this part of the lesson is to maintain a constant speed, as far as possible, set by the teacher or research engineer. As a criterion for optimality of control, the difference between the actual speed and the set speed is selected (the smaller the difference, the better). The difference in speed is determined by the numerical integration of the module of the difference in speed in time after training (game).

Psychologists have proved that the cerebral cortex is tired first in a person. For each person, this happens individually. Therefore, the speed of passage of food sources is individual for each person and it will be incorrect to set a common characteristic for all of this. It is necessary to determine the magnitude of the speed individually for each person, best in the conditions of the game or during training.

The teacher or research engineer can set the required value of the speed of food sources, individually for each student, based on their experience and the recommendations of the control system of the device. The main measured result of the training used to decide on the required individual magnitude of the speed of passage of the food sources by the snake is the maximum speed of their passage. This speed is determined after each lesson by dividing the number of food sources consumed by the duration of the workout. The maximum result is saved. Thus, in the database block for each student, the maximum and required value of the speed of passage of food sources is stored. If the required speed is greater than the maximum for this student, then he will not be able to rise above the zero level. Therefore, it is necessary that the required value of the speed of passage of food sources is less than the maximum speed for this student.

Video channel 14 (see figure 1) is involved in the game or in the implementation of the training task directly, and audio channel 17 is involved mainly in the accompaniment of the game or training, but it is necessary to stimulate the interest of students.

To output the game scene to the display 9 (see Fig. 1), high-quality three-dimensional graphics are used, where a snake is selected as the control object. Above a square area covered with grass texture and swaying daisies, in a limited space inside an invisible cube, a control object (snake) moves. Around the cube are clouds and a large rainbow nearby. Ladybugs crawl on the grass. Butterflies fly over daisies and sometimes sit on them.

Detailing. The number of game or training space details (chamomiles, ladybugs, butterflies) does not affect the game or training situation, but increases the visual quality of the game and system requirements: if 0, then the minimum detail, minimum system requirements, if 100, then the maximum detail and large system requirements, but higher quality.

Change the appearance of the snake. In a game or training, snake numbers and their corresponding levels are set, starting from which the snake takes on a new look.

Camera setup. In the camera settings, set the speed of the camera. The camera is not rigidly attached to the control object (snake); when the object moves, the camera lags behind. It looks more natural. The larger the number, the stiffer the camera is attached to the control object (snake). The set tilt angle is the angle at which the camera rises above the snake. The camera can adjust its speed automatically to the speed of the snake. This can be useful for game or workout speed, depending on the level.

They work with the device in this part as follows.

At the beginning of the lesson, from the program block of his database for the student who will play or train, all the necessary data is selected and the corresponding load level is loaded. The teacher or research engineer makes all the settings before starting the motor actions in the training (graphics can be set up, if necessary, at any time). Setting up the game and training is done according to the capabilities of the computer (processor speed, sound card or card, video cards or video cards in the graphics and sound block settings) and under the existing power manipulator (game rod) (control sensitivity, delay time when changing levels, etc.), and also taking into account the optimal conditions for a game or training (the speed of the passage of time, the size of the snake, etc.). Set the following settings: the duration of the game or training, the time interval for counting food sources, the required number of food sources, speed (constant or variable).

After all the necessary settings and settings, this part of the device is ready for operation. The student becomes on the cassette 7 (see figure 1), grabs the handrails of the handle 4 with both hands, looks at the display 9, on the screen of which there are pictures of the playing space, a snake, the position of which is determined by the “game rod” 3, and a food source, the location of which holds the set time. The task of the student is to lead the snake through this food source in a given time, since after it another one appears in a new, previously unknown place in the playing space. If the student fits in the allotted time, the load does not change. If the student is ahead - the load increases after some time. If it lags behind - the load decreases after a while. A research engineer or educator changes the load.

Despite the apparent simplicity, this is a rather complex motor action, since different muscle groups and human intellectual abilities are involved here: reaction to the image on the display screen, speed and accuracy of response to changing situations by moving the “game rod”.

In the case of a game, one who wins, who, at a higher level of load, leads the snake through more food sources, wins. In the case of training, the most intensively engaged is the one who led the snake through a given number of food sources at a high level of activity.

In the second part of the power block (FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8), all load nodes 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 are placed in the cassette 7 installed on the base 1. The cassette 7 is connected via information multicore electric cables 35, 36 and connectors 86, 87, respectively, with the system unit 11 of the personal computer 8. The cassette 7 is electrically powered from the power source 23 through a three-wire electric cable 33 and a switch 34. Inside the cassette there is an electric power wiring (see Fig. 5) is carried out from the switch 34 on yre switchable current-carrying wires 88, 89, 90, 91 to each load site, e.g., in a plait 93 or 94.

Consider a load node, for example, 31 in more detail. One of its possible designs is presented in Fig.6, 7 (outlined by a dashed line in Fig.7), and its electrical circuit diagram in Fig.8. The support of the load node 31 is the L-shaped bar 95, on which all the power and heavy elements are placed. The basis of this assembly is a microswitch 96 with a flat spring 97 mounted on a flange 98, which is placed on the L-shaped bar 95 through an auxiliary base 99. The floating rocker 100 pivots by means of a hinge 101 a microswitch 96 with an actuator consisting of a transparent signal element 102, inserted into the hollow cylinder 103, on the surface of which a hinge 101 is fixed and inside which four light-emitting elements are placed: red 104, yellow 105, green 106, light guides of bright illumination and miniature light a bright glow amp on an installed stand 108, mounted on a hollow cylinder with screws 109 and 110, a coil spring 111 and a thrust bearing 112 for installing the spring 111 exactly along the axis of symmetry, mounted on the L-shaped bar 95. The green LED 106 is not shown. The freedom of movement of the transparent signal element 102 upward is limited by the top plate 113 of the cassette 7. The transistor-resistive conductive and information parts of the load node 31 are mainly concentrated on the board 114, to which the power supply wires 88, 89, 90, 91 and 92 are suitable (FIG. 5) and two twisted pairs of information connection 115 and 116 (Fig.7).

Consider now the electrical and electronic parts of the cassette 7. One of the many possible electrical circuits shown in Fig. Wires 88, 89, 90, 91 connect, respectively, red 104, yellow 105, green 106 brightly lit LEDs and a tiny bright-light bulb 107. Moreover, the switch 34 connects one wire from the above. The twisted pairs 115 and 116 through the connector 87 and the cable 36 connect the load node 31 with the system unit 11 of the personal computer 8. As soon as the signal is sent to the transistor 117 through the twisted pair 115, the transistor 118 is turned on and a current limited through the connected LED or miniature lamp resistor 119, the light element lights up. Forcibly, in the microswitch 96, after a while, the normally closed (NC) state is switched to open, and the normally open (HP) state is closed, and this information is transmitted to the system unit 11 of the personal computer 8. After some time, everything returns to its original state.

Before describing how this part and the device as a whole work, we briefly describe the selected control method.

The control object is the student himself and his movements, which depend on the random illumination on the cassette 7, which he needs to turn off with his left or right foot. The speed of movement of the backlight is set by the student or teacher. In this case, the color of the backlight can be red, yellow, green or white. This, on the one hand, is of interest to the student, and on the other hand, the influence of the color conditions of the backlight on him is checked (check of color blindness).

The task is set for the student: to “put out” as many foci of illumination as possible in random places on the cassette at a given time interval. The number of foci extinguished per unit time will be called the rate of “quenching” of foci. This speed is the criterion by which this psychophysical state of the student is evaluated.

The indicated speed is directly related to the load on the lower limbs and back muscles, which varies according to the results of the game (depends on the rate of “extinction”) taking into account physical fitness, the student’s reaction and his motor experience.

The goal of load management in this part of the lesson is to maintain a constant speed, as far as possible, set by the teacher or the student himself. As a criterion for optimality of control, the difference between the actual speed and the set speed is selected (the smaller the difference, the better, as in the previous case). The difference in speed is determined by the numerical integration of the module of the difference in speed in time after training (game).

Psychologists proved, as noted above, that the cerebral cortex is tired in a person, and this happens individually for each person. Therefore, the speed of "blanking" the backlight for each student is individual. And it will be wrong to set its common value for all. It is necessary to determine the magnitude of the speed for each student individually, and it is best to do this in training or playing.

Despite the apparent simplicity, this is a rather complex motor action, since different muscle groups and parts of the brain are involved here, and speed and accuracy of response to changing situations are required.

Work with the device in this part as follows. At the end of work with the lever 3 and the snake, the student or teacher stops the lever 3, for which the spring 85 is pressed and the locking element 84 is lowered into the glass 2 (see Fig. 1). The student takes on the handles 4 and looks at his feet on the cassette 7 in anticipation of the tanning of the backlight. When sunbathing, the student steps on a “lit up” fragment and holds his leg on it for a predetermined time, while another illumination lights up in another random place on cassette 7, and so on ... At the same time, a melody sounds depending on the frequency of its heart contractions (heart rate). It is especially necessary to carefully monitor the melody accompanying the transition of the heart rate involved in the danger zone of the "health corridor". If necessary, the teacher switches the color of the backlight. The lesson lasts a set time. After the class time, the student or teacher himself removes the locking element 84, lifting it and fixing it with a spring 85.

Working on this device, the student gradually develops physically, acting on various muscle groups and parts of the brain, and intellectually, developing a reaction and strengthening the nervous system, together with the visual and musical centers.

An important characteristic is the heart rate, which directly depends on the physical and intellectual load of the student.

There are several ways to determine a person’s pulse, namely by palpating the hand near the hand or in the region of the carotid artery, using a phonendoscope and briefly squeezing the blood flow on the hand, optical instrumentation method on the forehead, finger and earlobe, acoustic method, etc. Most simple, in our opinion, is the optical instrument method on the earlobe, which does not create difficulties and inconvenience to the student. We will use it. The heart rate unit includes an amplifier-driver 19 and a pulse sensor 18.

The amplifier-driver 19 contains (Fig. 9) directly a signal amplifier 120, a filtering unit 121, and a logical unit 122.

The pulse sensor 18 consists (figure 10) of the LED 123 and the photodiode 124, forming a pair of "LED-photodiode". The current flowing through the LED 123 is set by the resistor 125, and the dark current through the photodiode 124 is set by the resistor 126.

The amplifier 120 itself is constructed according to the common-mode interference suppression scheme at three operational amplifiers 127, 128 and 129. The voltage divider at the resistors 130 and 131 sets the potential at the input of the operational amplifier 128. The filtering unit 121 is constructed according to the well-known principle. Logic block 122 solves the problem, firstly, of determining the number of beats per minute and, secondly, to reduce random interference, fills in random gaps between heartbeats.

The heart rate sensor 18, for example, of the ear or finger type (Fig. 11) consists of two elements 132 and 133, fastened by the axis 134, and is fixed on the earlobe of the student or on his finger using a spring 135. A radiator 123 is installed in the element 132, and in element 133, a photodetector 124. The pulse sensor 18 is connected to the amplifier-former 19 using cable 136 with plug 137.

The amplifier-driver 19 is powered from a power source 23 (Fig. 1).

Work with this node as follows.

Put the pulse sensor 18 on the earlobe of the student and monitor the display 9 for the pulse rate. Depending on its size, the load is increased or decreased.

In the program block, in addition to the previously considered part of the programs for creating physical activity, the software can be conditionally divided into three groups: 1) utility and test programs; 2) information and registration; 3) mathematical for in-depth processing of the characteristics of a sports exercise.

Utility and test programs ensure the operation of the system unit 11 of the personal computer 8 and verify its proper operation.

Registration and information programs provide information processing, its automatic input and registration of data, preliminary signal processing, calibration of input signals, storing and displaying graphic images of input signals, primary mathematical processing of the characteristics of sports and motor actions performed.

In-depth mathematical processing of exercise characteristics is provided by programs that allow you to calculate the following biomechanical parameters: the duration of the entire movement and its individual phases and periods, the amount of movement, speed and acceleration, the movement of the shoulder girdle and lower limbs of the student, the mechanical work done by the student during training or games.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed device allows, while maintaining the created uniform dosed resistance to the "game rod" within the entire specified sector of its movement, to provide smooth adjustment of this resistance for the muscles of the shoulder girdle and lower extremities, the ability to determine and promote the development of conditioning and coordination abilities of a person and adjusting the load depending on the functional state of the person.

The ability to register, memorize and issue, upon request, a registered motor action or any part of it in real time, to monitor and issue the necessary recommendations for eliminating errors, to track and control the training or game process in statics and dynamics, improves the efficiency of training and the development of conditioning and human coordination abilities.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 4248727, IPC A63B 21/22.

2. Prospects for controlling the process of power interactions between a person and environmental objects in computer game modes / Yu.T. Cherkesov, I.P. Ratov and others // Science - Adygea: Materials scientific. - prakt. conf. scientists of Adygea. - Maykop, 1994 .-- P.170-174.

3. RF patent No. 2266768 C2, AV 21/22, 24/00: Device for training muscles.

4. RF patent No. 2349359 C2, IPC A63B 21/22, A63B 24/00: Device for muscle training and for the determination and development of human conditioning and coordination abilities.

Claims (4)

1. A device for training muscles and for determining and developing human conditioning and coordination abilities, comprising a power unit, a control unit and a program unit, the control unit includes an optical mouse connected to the system unit of a personal computer via a USB port, as well as video and audio channels and a node for determining the heart rate of the student, connected to the LTP port or USB port of the system unit, and a three-dimensional graph program was used to display the game script in the program block Ki and, in addition, the program block includes utility, information, registration and mathematical programs installed on the hard drive of a personal computer before working on the device, and the power block located on the base includes a game rod designed for the possibility of changes in the length of the lever - the working part of the game rod, a handle equipped with buttons and connected to one end of the game rod, the other end of the game rod is made in the form of a ball placed in a glass forming with controlled friction food for the ball provided by a tightening unit and the friction elements acting on the ball located in the upper and lower parts of the ball, the lower rubbing element being placed on the fixed plate and the said ball resting on it, and the upper rubbing element using the first movable the plate is pressed against the ball by means of traction rods connecting the first movable plate to the second movable plate, moreover, in the upper friction element, in the summing plate and the first movable plate, as well as in the lower rubbing element and the lower fixed plate, through circular holes are made, the first for moving the game rod, and the second for scanning the surface of the ball with an optical mouse attached to the bottom of the fixed plate and controlling the cursor position on the display screen of a personal computer depending on the movement of the game rod, the keys of which are connected by electrical taps to the mentioned buttons of the connected handle, and by means of an electric cable it is connected to the system unit A personal computer operating under the control of programs included in the program block, wherein the tightening unit comprises: a spring and traction rods covering the first movable plate and passing through the summing plate, upper and lower friction elements, lower fixed plate, and fixed in the second mobile the plate on which the rod is located is equidistant from the attachment of the pull rods in it, and the second movable plate itself is located below the optical mouse, a lever fixed inside the glass and connected alone the end with the rod, and its other end through a slot in the side wall of the glass and the first connecting bar - with a traction pin passing through the guide and traction device, which includes guide means and a traction nut and mounted on the outer side surface of the glass, characterized in that there are four traction rods and one common conical spring of sufficient stiffness located in the center and between the first movable plate and the summing plate, with a narrow end Directed to the latter and covering the game rod, a miniature optical mouse is used, mounted in a glass so that, if necessary, it can be removed through a window in the side wall of the glass, and the gap between the surface of the ball and the optical mouse does not exceed the optical mouse guaranteed by the manufacturer for it normal operation, while the first end of the lever fixed to the corner inside the glass is connected to the rod through a second connecting bar, and the specified pin has a groove along the entire length of its threaded h a part into which a part of the first screw, preventing the rotation of the pin, is screwed through the guide means, a cylindrical groove is made in the traction nut, into which a part of the second screw, restricting its longitudinal movement, is screwed, while the diameter of the traction nut is many times larger than the diameter of the specified hairpin, as a result of which a minivore is formed, in addition, an additional eight nodes of influence on the muscles of the legs of the student are placed in the power block, placed in Asset evenly along the edges of the base and connected via USB-ports to the system unit of a personal computer, moreover, when working with these nodes, the game rod is locked in a vertical position, and in the program block when working with the game rod, a snake of varying color is selected, the movement of which food moving randomly, according to the law of random numbers, is accompanied by selected tunes, and when working with the indicated eight nodes, the control object is the one who is engaged, color odsvetka each node may vary and is also carried out according to the law of random numbers should be engaged to tread on each "lighting up" assembly left or right foot, "quenching" him, and all this is taken into account in the software. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support of the load node is made in the form of a L-shaped bar on which all the power and heavy elements are placed, and the microswitch with a flat spring mounted on the flange, which is placed on the base, is taken on the said bar through an auxiliary base, while the floating beam connects by means of a hinge a microswitch with an actuator consisting of: a transparent signal element inserted into a hollow cylinder, on the surface of which a decree is fixed the hinge and inside which four light-emitting elements are placed - red, yellow, green bright-emitting diodes and a miniature bright-light bulb mounted on a stand fixed to the hollow cylinder with two screws, a helical spring and a thrust bearing to establish this spring exactly along the axis of symmetry, and freedom upward movement of the transparent signal element is limited by the common upper plate of the cartridge, and the transistor-resistor conductive and information parts of the load node are concentrated on scarf attached to said bracket, to which the wires are suitable for powering said hub and two twisted pairs of connection information. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a node for determining the heart rate of the student is introduced into it, which includes an amplifier-driver and a pulse sensor, and the amplifier-driver contains directly a signal amplifier, a filtering unit and a logic unit, and a sensor pulse consists of an LED and a photodiode, forming a pair of "LED-photodiode". 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplifier itself is built according to the common-mode interference suppression scheme on three operational amplifiers, the filtering unit - according to the well-known principle of suppressing low-frequency and high-frequency interference, and the logic unit solves the problem, firstly, of determining beats per minute and, secondly, to reduce random interference, fills in random gaps between heartbeats.

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