RU2436042C1 - Method for mobile navigation and topographic survey facility functioning under combat application conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: method for a mobile navigation and topographic survey facility (topographic surveyor) functioning under combat application conditions includes performance of the operation of preparation for performance of a combat (training) mission, initial point orientation (determination of the directional angle and the initial point coordinates), archiving of topographic data obtained at the points being surveyed, relocation to the final point (being surveyed), plotting the movement route and additional landmarks on a topographical map, determination of the accuracy and coordinates of the final point (being surveyed), topogeodesic survey of locality landmarks and fighting positions of guns and missile launchers, reporting to the command and delivery of survey results to the units serviced. ^ EFFECT: broader functionalities. ^ 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, and in particular to methods of functioning of mobile navigation and topographic location systems in combat use, and can be used to solve problems of topographic and geodetic training of combat operations of missile forces and artillery of the Ground Forces.

The well-known "Textbook of the Sergeant of the Missile Forces and Artillery of the Ground Forces" for commanders of geodetic divisions and topographic detachments, book 4, approved by the commander of the missile forces and artillery of the Ground Forces. / Edited by V.V. Burov. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1975, pp. 3-24, pp. 56-84).

The textbook sets out the basics (method) of the combat use of topographic and geodetic units and topographic location machines, adopted as a prototype. Topo-binders are designed to perform topographic and geodetic reference of starting and firing positions, points, posts and positions of artillery reconnaissance equipment, to drive convoys of troops at night and in other conditions that are difficult to navigate, to map roads not indicated on the map, and to transmit directional angles of orientation directions.

The topographic device automatically determines the coordinates of terrain points using navigation equipment, the principle of which is to continuously generate coordinate increments and sum them with the coordinates of the previous point. This problem is solved with the help of a special calculating device (course-laying device). To obtain the current coordinates of the route points from the path feeding system (track sensor), data on the path segments ΔS traveled by the machine are received in the calculating device, and the directional angle α of the longitudinal axis of the machine at each point of the route is generated by a direction indicator. In addition, the top loader includes an orientation sight, power sources, electrical equipment, gyrocompass, remote surveying instruments and a radio station.

The operation of the toppler can be carried out in advance of the preparation of artillery deployment areas or when deploying units from a march in an unprepared area. One of the basic principles of topographic and geodetic reference is to carry out the binding in the order of successive increase in its accuracy. This means that in any situation the firing and reconnaissance units make topographic and geodetic attachment on their own and by means immediately with their deployment. They use the results of this binding to obtain more accurate data from topographic and geodetic divisions (topographic binders). The data obtained by the top loader is used by the units of fire weapons, sound reconnaissance, electronic intelligence, mobile radar units.

When performing tasks, the calculation of the topo-loader in the offensive conditions is carried out binding, and control of the binding of the serviced units, and the determination of changes in the correction of the compass. In addition, the task can be set for organizing an astronomical post and transmitting orientation, for supplying starting points to areas of deployment of positions, as well as for driving convoys of troops along a given route. The results of topographic and geodetic reference are made out in the form of a list of coordinates and reference directions or in the form of a card of reference directions and are transmitted directly or using a radio station to units.

In defense, the calculation of the topographic unit performs the same work as during the offensive, and in addition, ensures the creation of a special topographic and geodetic network in the area of deployment of missile forces and artillery. In defense, the scope of work is increasing due to the fact that the binding is carried out both at the main and at the reserve lines (areas) of deployment.

In order to orient a toggler having a certain set of hardware, in accordance with the prototype, it is necessary:

- set the topplier to the starting point so that the vertical axis of the sighting device is above it;

- point the sight on the landmark and take the reference β _VIZ ;

- calculate the azimuth angle α to the longitudinal axis _AXIS topoprivyazchika (according to Figure 1):

α _OSI = α _OP -β _VIZ ;

- _OR if α <β _VIZ, the directional angle α to the longitudinal axis topoprivyazchika _BID is (in accordance with Figure 2):

α _OSI = (α _OP + 60-00) -β _VIZ .

The coordinates of the starting point are removed from the map or selected from the catalogs (lists) of coordinates, if the starting point is the point of the reference geodetic network.

If it is impossible to install a top loader at the starting point, then it is necessary to use a compass to determine the directional angle of the axis.

This method of orienting the top loader at the starting point has a number of significant drawbacks, the main of which is the high error in determining the topographic and geodetic parameters. In addition, to determine the parameters of the starting point, in most cases there is a need to use external devices.

Thus, the method of functioning of the calculation of the topplier in combat conditions at a given level of technical means includes the following steps:

- preparation of the top loader for the combat (training) mission;

- conducting orientation of the top loader at the starting point - determining the directional angle of the machine and the coordinates of the starting point;

a) the coordinates of the starting point are determined by the map or by catalogs (lists) of coordinates, if the starting point is the point of the reference geodetic network;

b) to determine the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the machine in the initial position, use the reference direction, the directional angle of which is known (selected from a catalog or a list of coordinates), or the direction whose directional angle is determined simultaneously with the orientation of the topographic unit using the magnetic compass arrow;

- moving the top loader to the end (anchored) point, drawing the route of movement and additional landmarks on the topographic map;

- recording (archiving) of topographic and geodetic data obtained at tie points in a field log;

- determination of the error of the coordinates of the topographic location, calculated as the difference between the coordinates of the end (snapped) point, determined by the topographic location and taken from the topographic map;

- if the coordinates in the end point differ above acceptable standards, the repetition of the binding using this or another point as the initial one;

- after completion of the topographic and geodetic reference points, conducting a topographic and geodetic reference points on the terrain and firing positions of guns or rocket launchers;

- report to the command and transfer of the results of the binding serviced units.

The disadvantages of the method of functioning of the calculation of the topographic device in combat conditions, taken as a prototype, are:

- the need for a branched topographic and geodetic network for high-quality topographic and geodetic reference;

- high error in determining the navigation parameters, which directly depends on the path traveled by the top loader and the error of the initial orientation, which also takes a lot of time;

- the need to use a large number of topographic and geodetic calculations for combat support of large units of troops;

- the need for a large number of control measurements to ensure the required accuracy;

- low level of technical equipment used in the topozapryazchik;

- a high level of influence of various factors on the accuracy of the determined parameters (human factor, geometric accuracy of the map, weather conditions, type of terrain, etc.);

- sophisticated technology and a low degree of automation of topographic and geodetic measurements, leading to a high level of errors and time costs;

- insufficient area of information support (coverage) of the information received;

- a large number of manual calculations in solving standard topographic and geodetic problems;

- low degree of readiness of the topographic device;

- low level of capabilities for transmitting received data over the air to service units;

- low degree of controllability and coherence when interacting with consumers of topographic and geodetic information;

- based on the foregoing, an insufficient level of topographic and geodetic support, as one of the types of support for troops that does not meet modern requirements.

The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of topographic and geodetic support of the Ground Forces.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention consists in the formation of a method for the operation of a mobile navigation and topographic complex equipped with modern hardware in combat use, which determines the optimal algorithm for its functioning and provides with a high degree of automation a set of measures for topographic and geodetic preparation of elements of military units , transfer and distribution of information received as intended.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for the operation of the mobile navigation and topographic reference complex (MCST) in combat use, which includes the preparation for the combat (training) task, orientation at the starting point - determining the directional angle and coordinates of the initial points, archiving the topographic and geodetic data obtained at the tie points, moving to the end (tie) point, plotting the route of movement and additional landmarks on a topographic map, determining the coordinate error of the end (anchored) point, conducting topographic and geodetic referencing of landmarks on the terrain and firing positions of guns or rocket launchers, reporting to the command and transmitting the results of the referencing to the serviced units, the new thing is that the preparation of the MNT for combat (training) tasks after performing standard operations to turn on the equipment is to bring the navigation equipment MKNT, fixedly installed at the starting point, into the automated mode “Navigation”, MSCT orientation at the starting point consists in selecting the first task of the navigation mode - the “Initial setting” task, during which the used sources of navigation information about the azimuth α and the initial values of the coordinates X, Y, H: inertial navigation system (ANN) or satellite navigation equipment (ASN), or generalized data from the joint use of ANN and ASN, or data determined using stand-alone devices, archiving of topographic and geodetic data data during the work of the MSCNT is performed automatically in the form of electronic catalogs (lists), the MSCNT is moved to the end (anchored) point after completing the previous task and prompt message appears about the readiness to complete the second task of the navigation mode-task "Work" on the route, when the second navigation task in real time on a digital map of the area (MSC) automatically displays the values of the current navigation parameters and the location data of the MCST, after the transition In order to carry out the second navigation task, the next automated mode of the complex operation is carried out - the “Work with the MSC” mode, whose main task is the “Routing” task, which is performed by activating one of the three subtasks: “Selecting the route by current coordinates”, “Selecting a route by entered coordinates”, “Selecting a route from a list” of a pre-prepared electronic catalog (list) of navigation data, determining the error of azimuth and location coordinates CST is carried out automatically due to the integrated processing of navigation information received from the ANN and ASN, the binding results are transmitted via an automated channel for information exchange of a communication and data transmission system (DSPD) with control points of higher and interacting formations taking into account the priorities of subscribers as they travel along the route , and at a stop at the tie points, upon completion of the topographic and geodetic link directly to the MNT the required number of topographic maps with topographic and geodetic information printed on them.

Bringing navigation equipment MKNT, motionlessly installed at the starting point, in the automated mode "Navigation" allows you to:

- initialize the entire complex of automated navigation and data processing tools;

- carry out a self-test of the components of the complex.

The algorithm for orienting the top loader at the starting point, carried out when choosing the first task of the navigation mode - the task "Initial installation", allows you to:

- select the used azimuth sources α of the longitudinal axis of the MSCT and enter the initial values of the coordinates X, Y, H;

- without leaving the internal space of the mobile complex, quickly carry out its high-quality initial orientation;

- with known coordinates of the starting point, automatically solve the inverse topographic and geodetic problem.

Automatic archiving of topographic and geodetic data during the work of MKNT in the form of electronic catalogs (lists) allows you to:

- exclude time for manual compilation and archiving of received topographic and geodetic data;

- provide automatic compilation of detailed electronic catalogs of a large volume of coordinates of geodetic points (special geodetic networks).

The transition, after the appearance of an operational message about the readiness to perform the second task of the navigation mode - the task "Work" on the route, allows you to:

- in real time, automatically display the values of the current navigation parameters and location data of the mobile complex on a digital map of the area;

- automatically solve direct and inverse geodetic problems;

- if necessary, apply additional landmarks and special conditions for the condition of the route.

Implementation of the automated mode of operation of the complex - the mode of "Work with CCM" allows you to:

- view the catalog of digital terrain maps installed in the navigation system;

- to carry out automatic zooming of the CCM;

- implement the automated process of laying the route in various ways;

- view, delete or edit the route laid on the MSC.

The automatic determination of the azimuth error and the coordinates of the MSCT location due to the integrated processing of navigation information from the ANN and ASN allows you to:

- reduce the time it takes to carry out control operations to determine the quality of topographic and geodetic information;

- reduce the influence of subjective reasons on the quality of information received;

- increase the accuracy of the determined topographic and geodetic parameters.

The transmission of the binding results via an automated channel of information exchange of a communication and data transmission system (SSPD) with control points of higher and interacting formations, taking into account the priorities of subscribers both during movement along the route and at a stop at the tie points, allows you to:

- carry out automated conduct of adaptive address communication and communication at fixed frequencies in the short-wave frequency range;

- carry out automatic control of all types and modes of data transmission;

- increase the efficiency of bringing topographic and geodetic data to troops;

- provide the necessary communication ranges in the movement of the mobile complex and in the parking lot.

Taking into account the priorities of subscribers working in the network of an automated channel for information exchange of the data storage system allows you to:

- provide an orderly exchange of information flows;

- ensure timely submission to subordinate teams, signals, messages of established categories of urgency, receive reports, reports on the implementation of tasks, exchange of navigation data and the provision of communication channels for telephone calls.

Performing upon completion of topographic and geodetic binding directly to the MCNT of printing production of the required number of topographic maps with topographic and geodetic information applied to them allows:

- promptly ensure that reliable topographic maps, city plans with marked control points and angles of reference directions are communicated to troops;

- ensure timely updating of topographic maps;

- create their necessary supply and its timely replenishment;

- eliminate the need to organize a specialized point for copying topographic maps;

- carry out maps on a scale that ensures the military units accomplish combat missions assigned to them.

Technical solutions with features distinguishing the claimed solution from the prototype are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art. This suggests that the claimed solution is new and has an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a diagram for determining the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the topographic device; figure 2 is a diagram of the initial orientation of the mobile complex navigation and topographic location; figure 3 is the working window of the operator when solving the subtask SELECTION BY CURRENT COORDINATES; figure 4 - the algorithm of the mobile complex navigation and topographic location.

Topogeodesic shooting training is a set of activities carried out in order to obtain topographic and geodetic data (coordinates and altitudes of positions, goals, points and posts of reconnaissance, as well as directional angles of orientational directions) necessary to ensure missile launches, artillery firing, as well as the operation of artillery reconnaissance.

The operational algorithm for using the mobile navigation and topographic location complex (MKNT) is determined by the governing documents on the organization and operation of the topographic and geodetic divisions of the Ground Forces. Based on this, the MKNT is entrusted with the solution of the following tasks related to topogeodesic training of troops:

- reconnaissance of the route and drawing roads on the map;

- driving columns on a given route;

- providing units and subunits of missile troops and artillery with traveling topographic and geodetic data, directional angles of reference and reference directions;

- topographic and geodetic reference of firing and starting positions, posts and observation points;

- creation of artillery topographic and geodetic networks;

- control of the topographic and geodetic reference performed by the calculations of artillery units.

In accordance with the tasks set, the technology of MKNT in combat use is carried out in accordance with the following algorithm.

1. Obtaining and clarification of the task by the commander of the ICST, setting the task to the crew.

2. The extension of the MSCT to the starting point, the inclusion of equipment and the orientation of the MSCNT at the starting point.

The method of orienting MKNT at the starting point provides the initial orientation without the crew leaving the MKNT. The order of implementation of the method is to perform the following operations:

- at the beginning, it is necessary to turn on the MSCT equipment;

- on the monitor of the on-board computer complex a working window with possible operating modes should appear;

- then the operator selects the desired operating mode, in this case, the NAVIGATION mode;

- after the NAVIGATION mode is activated, one of two tasks is selected: INITIAL SETTINGS or WORK, in this case, the INITIAL SETTINGS task is selected, which is performed only on a fixed object;

- after activating the INITIAL SETTINGS task, the used azimuth source α is selected and initial coordinates X, Y, N are entered;

- when choosing "Used ANS azimuth" for solving navigation problems, the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the MSCT α _ANN , determined using the ANN, is used;

- when choosing "Used ASN azimuth" for solving navigation problems, the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the MCST α _ASN determined using the ASN is used;

- when choosing "Used azimuth of ANN + NAP" for solving navigation problems, the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of MKNT α _{ANN + ASN is used} , which is determined by combining data with ANN and ASN;

- when choosing "Used azimuth Outer angle" for solving navigation problems, the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of MKNT α _{WU is used} , determined using stand-alone devices;

- when choosing "ASN Initial Coordinates", the coordinates (X, Y, Н) of the _ASN obtained from the ASN are used as the coordinates of the starting point;

- when selecting "Initial coordinates MANUAL INPUT", the input of the values of the known coordinates (X, Y, Н) of the _{РВ is} entered by the operator.

3. The functioning of MKNT on the route.

After completing the previous task INITIAL SETTINGS, the next task of the NAVIGATION mode is carried out - the WORK task, performed when the MSCT moves along the route. When performing the WORK task in real time, the values of the current navigation parameters and data on the location of the mobile complex are automatically displayed on a digital map of the area. If necessary, the operator can apply additional landmarks and special conditions for the condition of the route, using short-term stops of the MCNT for topographic reference of landmarks and marked sections of the route. If necessary, the ANN is corrected for the coordinates of the place and speed. For correction, ASN data or landmarks with known coordinates are used.

4. After the MSCT transitions to the WORK task, the next automated operation mode — the WORK WITH CCM mode — is executed in parallel.

The WORK WITH MSC mode is designed to work with digital maps of the area and consists of three tasks:

- VIEW CCM;

- DOWNLOAD CCM;

- LAYING THE ROUTE.

At the initial stage, when the task DISCUSSION of the CCM is activated, the CCM menu with the numbers of the installed CCM sheets is scanned and then the desired sheet is selected. If necessary, the map scale changes.

If necessary, when activating the DOWNLOAD MCH task, an additional MSC archive is downloaded from peripheral boot devices.

The main task implemented in the WORK WITH MCC mode is the ROUTE LAYING task, designed to determine the location (coordinates and height) of the MSCN using the MSC and select the route of movement.

When you select the sub-task SELECTION BY CURRENT COORDINATES, a map sheet is displayed that corresponds to the current coordinates, where the starting point of the route is marked. When you bring the pointer in the form of a crosshair to any place on the MSC displays the coordinates of this place.

Routing is carried out by fixing the current points of the traveled route on the MSC, while the neighboring points will be interconnected by a straight line.

When you select the subtask SELECT BY INPUT COORDINATES, the coordinates are entered by the operator, and the map sheet corresponding to the entered coordinates is output. Graphic routing on the MSC will be performed according to the entered coordinates.

When the subtask is activated, SELECT FROM THE LIST, the route is laid out using electronic catalogs (lists) of known coordinates. After selecting the required number of list points, the selected route is viewed, which is edited if necessary.

5. The results of the topographic location are transmitted through the automated data exchange channel of the data storage system with control points of higher and interacting formations, taking into account the priorities of subscribers both during movement along the route, and at a stop at the end or anchor point.

To do this, go to the TRANSMISSION BY DSSP mode and confirm the need for data transfer.

6. At the end point, after a complete stop of the MCNT, depending on the task, the following operations are performed:

- the coordinates of the place of MNCT are being specified;

refinement is carried out using the ASN or in the presence of local landmarks with known coordinates using stand-alone devices;

- topographic and geodetic reference is made of landmarks on the terrain and firing positions of guns or rocket launchers;

- in the MKNT calculator, the problem is solved by determining the directional angles of directions between the firing positions and the attached landmarks on the ground. The obtained values of the angles and coordinates of the firing positions by radio are transmitted to consumers.

When MNTT is working at the final point, it is allowed to move it between sessions of topographic location, if necessary, changing the terrain.

7. Upon completion of the binding, the printing of the required number of maps with navigation information is carried out.

For this, it is necessary to activate the DOCUMENTATION mode, in which documentation is possible: writing data to a data recording and transmission device (USPI) and printing data on a documenting device (UD).

The following is the distribution of topographic material between the interacting units.

Thus, in the present invention, the problem is solved to achieve a technical result, which consists in the formation of a method of functioning of a mobile navigation and topographic location complex, equipped with modern hardware, in combat use, which determines the optimal algorithm for its functioning and provides with a high degree of automation the implementation of a set of measures for topographic and geodetic the preparation of elements of the battle formations of troops, the transmission and distribution of information received appointment.

Claims (1)

The method of functioning of the mobile navigation and topographic reference complex (topographic reference) in combat use, including the preparation for the combat (training) mission, orientation at the starting point — determining the directional angle and coordinates of the starting point, archiving the topographic and geodetic data obtained at the attached points , moving to the end (anchored) point, drawing a route of movement and additional landmarks on a topographic map, the definition is erroneous the coordinates of the end (anchored) point, conducting topographic and geodetic reference of landmarks on the terrain and firing positions of guns or rocket launchers, reporting to the command and transmitting the results of binding to serviced units, characterized in that the preparation of a mobile navigation and topographic reference complex (MCST) for military (training) tasks after performing standard operations to turn on the equipment is to bring the navigation equipment MKNT, fixedly installed at the starting point, in the machine the selected “Navigation” mode, MSCT orientation at the starting point consists in selecting the first navigation mode task - the “Initial setting” task, during which the used sources of navigation information about the azimuth α and the initial coordinates X, Y, H are determined: inertial navigation system (ANN) or satellite navigation equipment (ASN), or generalized data from the joint use of ANN and ASN, or data determined using stand-alone devices, archiving of topographic and geodetic data in percent The MCNT operation process is performed automatically in the form of electronic catalogs (lists), the MCNT is moved to the final (attached) point after completing the previous task and prompt message appears about the readiness to complete the second task of the navigation mode - the “Work” task on the route, when performing the second task navigation in real time on a digital map of the area (MSC) automatically displays the values of the current navigation parameters and location data MSCT, after the complex goes to To the second navigation task, the following automated complex operation mode is performed — the “Work with the MSC” mode, the main task of which is the “Route Routing” task, which is performed by activating one of three sub-tasks: “Selecting a route by current coordinates”, “Selecting of the route according to the entered coordinates ”,“ Selecting a route from the list ”- of a pre-prepared electronic catalog (list) of navigation data, the determination of the error in azimuth and location coordinates of the MSCT is carried out It is created automatically due to the integrated processing of navigation information received from the ANN and ASN, the binding results are transmitted via an automated channel for information exchange of a communication and data transmission system (DSPD) with control points of higher and interacting formations, taking into account the priorities of subscribers as they travel along a route, and at a stop at the tie points, upon completion of the topographic and geodetic link directly to the MNT, the printing of the necessary lichestva topographic maps printed on them topogeodesic information.

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