RU2581109C9 - Method of creating topographic and geodetic networks for training of combat missile troops, artillery and air defence army - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: surveying.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to geodesy and can be used for creation of topographic and geodetic networks for training of combat missile troops, artillery and army air defence. Strategic directions weakly provided in survey and geodesic are determined, special geodetic networks and artillery surveying networks are generated, geodesic survey subdivisions with surveying system with properties of high-precision geodetic complex are formed on strategic directions, surveying data determined using surveying system, implemented mode of basic control-correction station and transfer of formed differential corrections obtained from analysis of quality of navigation information fields of space navigation systems to facilities of automated troop control system.

EFFECT: invention permits to increase efficiency of geodesic survey provision of ground forces.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to geodesy, in particular to methods for geodesic training of combat missile forces, artillery and air defense of the Ground Forces.

There is a known method of functioning of a topographic unit as part of an automated command and control system (patent RU No. 2511207 C1, IPC G01C 21/00, publ. 04/10/14), adopted as a prototype.

The invention relates to military equipment, and in particular to methods of functioning of mobile navigation and topographic location systems in the conditions of interaction in an automated command and control system (ASUV), and can be used to solve tasks of topographic and geodetic training of combat operations of the Ground Forces. The topper loader is included in the automatic control system of the automatic control system and connected to the automated workstations (AWS) of the automatic control system, the information exchange is carried out according to the unified protocol for the exchange of automatic control system information with high-precision navigational and temporal information, and in the control and correction station mode, by the generated differential corrections obtained as a result of the analysis the quality of the navigation fields of space navigation systems (SPS) GLONASS and GPS, in this regard, the interaction of the top-of-line data carrier with the means The communication of ACSM facilities is carried out through the use of the same technical means, ensuring their technical and information compatibility through automated interchange of messages built on a single structure using common formalization rules and common operational and tactical concepts, in accordance with the information distribution plan, on the basis of which information is transferred information on the network from the subscriber-source to the subscriber-recipient, digital topographic and geodetic information is presented in de digital cartographic database containing information about the terrain, coordinates of points of the local geodetic network created by the topographic surveyor, data on the operational situation, put down by officials of the control systems of the automatic control system, an operational database on the real route of movement and the relative position of elements of the battle formation, the operation of the topographic surveyor in the mode the control and correction station is carried out in two main modes: in the mode of operational information transfer and in the post-processing mode of accumulated data from spacecraft (SC) KNS GLONASS and GPS for subsequent differential correction.

The disadvantages of the method taken as a prototype are:

- high error in determining the parameters of geodetic networks;

- insufficient accuracy of the functioning of high-precision weapons systems;

- the complexity of the implementation of topographic and geodetic support units responsible for the development of special geodetic networks (GHS) and the binding of reference geodetic points (creation of artillery topographic and geodetic networks (ATGS));

- the absence for the implementation of the method of high-precision topographic and geodetic complexes (topographic binders).

The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of topographic and geodetic support of the Ground Forces.

The technical result obtained by carrying out the invention is to create a method for creating topographic and geodetic networks for preparing combat operations of missile forces, artillery and air defense of the Ground Forces, in which it is carried out in strategic directions, poorly provided with topographic and geodetic relations, the formation of special geodetic networks (GHS) and binding of geodetic reference points - creation of artillery topographic and geodetic networks (ATGS) through the use of high-precision topographic and geodetic x complexes.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for creating topographic and geodetic networks for preparing combat operations of missile forces, artillery and air defense of the Ground Forces, which includes determining topographic data of topographic and geodetic data in the conditions of interaction using a unified protocol for exchanging objects in an automated command and control system, implementing the regime base control and correction station and the transfer of objects to the automated command and control system and the generated differential corrections obtained as a result of the analysis of the quality of the information of the navigation fields of the GLONASS and GPS space navigation systems, the new thing is that with the topographic and geodetic support of the combat missile forces, artillery and air defense of the Ground Forces (RV and A and SV air defense), the formation of special geodetic networks (GHS) and artillery topographic and geodetic networks (ATGS) is made after determining strategic directions, poorly provided in topographic and geodetic terms, somewhere The ability to determine the coordinates of firing positions (OP), observation positions (NP) and artillery reconnaissance points (PA) does not meet the requirements of full training, to carry out work on topographic and geodetic support (TGO) in strategic directions, structural units of TGO equipped with topographic binders (TP) are created, possessing the properties of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex, made with the possibility of autonomous functioning with simultaneous close integration into the automatic control system, with the possibility of manual and automatic determination and input of the initial coordinates in the onboard computer, to perform the work without departing from the calculation of TA in the start or bindable points to provide a mean square error (UPC) (σ _x, σ _Y, σ _h) determining the increments of the coordinates and the height - not more than 3 m in coordinates and 5 m in height, with the possibility of providing UPC for determining the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP - not more than 2 ang.min, with the ability to provide UPC for determining the roll and pitch angles in motion - not more than 4 angles. min, in the parking lot 1 min after the cessation of movement - not more than 0.5 ang. min, with the ability to save information about its location (coordinates, altitude, directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP) when turning off the power to the TP, with the ability to provide continuous operation for up to 24 hours without changing all accuracy characteristics, with the ability to bind (13-14) control points for 1 hour for each firing position of the battery, both primary and secondary, 1 point each, with the ability to perform topographic and geodetic reference in places inaccessible to movement on the topographic unit, when operating in basic control mode flax-correcting station - with the possibility, after transmitting differential corrections, to ASUV facilities equipped with navigation equipment of consumers of space navigation systems (NAP KNS), to determine these objects their coordinates and altitude from the UPC of less than 1 meter in real time.

The formation of the GHS and ATGS with the topographic and geodetic support of the combat operations of the air and missile defense and air defense after determining strategic directions allows you to:

- determine the coordinates of the OP, NP and PAR in the directions poorly provided in the topographic and geodetic relation, with accuracy that meets the requirements of full training;

- fully provide cartographic material with geodetic data;

- reduce the time spent on linking the battle formations of the troops during deployment due to advance topographic and geodetic training.

The creation of structural subdivisions of TGO equipped with TP, possessing the properties of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex, allows:

- raise to a higher level of TGO NE as a whole;

- increase the number of anchor points per unit time when creating the GHS and ATGS;

- increase the effectiveness of the combat functioning of the mass elements of the battle formations of weapons systems, which often do not have navigation tools at all or have low-precision navigation equipment;

- carry out driving convoys of troops at night and in terrain where there are few contour points, as well as along a predetermined route using electronic topographic maps of the area;

- carry out reconnaissance of driving routes and linking inaccessible points;

- put on a map of roads and conventional signs;

control and refinement of topographic and geodetic reference performed by other means;

- ultimately to increase the accuracy of fire destruction of targets by means of PB and A and air defense.

The implementation of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex with the possibility of autonomous functioning with simultaneous close integration into the automatic control system allows:

- take advantage of the high mobility of the top loader when working with automated control systems;

- to increase the survivability of the top loader with a partial or complete loss of information exchange with ASUV objects.

The implementation of high-precision surveying complex with the ability to manually and automatically determine and enter the initial coordinates in the onboard computer allows you to:

- to carry out in automatic mode the input to the on-board computer of the initial coordinates obtained from the NPS SPS;

- TP operator to use the keyboard to enter either the known coordinates of the starting point on which the TP is located, or the initial coordinates determined using remote binding tools.

The implementation of a high-precision surveying complex with the ability to perform work without leaving the calculation from the TP at the initial or anchor points allows you to:

- Speed up the process of anchoring reference points;

- protect the crew from the effects of toxic substances, bacterial agents and radioactive substances.

The implementation of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex with the ability to provide an SEC (σ _X , σ _Y , σ _H ) for determining coordinate increments and heights — not more than 3 m in coordinates and 5 m in height allows you to use all the advantages of an integrated method for determining coordinates using data obtained for this with inertial navigation system, NAP SPS, mechanical and Doppler speed sensors and altitude detection system.

Implementation of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex with the possibility of providing the UPC for determining the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP - not more than 2 angles. min, with the possibility of providing UPC determination of roll angles and pitch in motion - not more than 4 angles. min, in the parking lot 1 min after the cessation of movement - not more than 0.5 ang. min allows you to determine with high accuracy the angular parameters of TP and control them.

The implementation of a high-precision surveying complex with the ability to save information about its location (data on the coordinates, height, directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP) when turning off the power of the TP allows:

- save the received topographic and geodetic data during technical failures of the power supply equipment TP and complete the task in full;

- maintain performance in combat conditions and emergency situations.

The implementation of a high-precision surveying complex with the ability to provide continuous operation up to 24 hours without changing all accuracy characteristics allows you to:

- to form the GHS and ATGS in a short time;

- use TP at any time of the day, which makes it possible to covertly escort military convoys when relocating military units.

The implementation of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex with the possibility of linking 13-14 control points in 1 hour for each firing position of the battery, both primary and secondary - 1 point each, allows for the use of a maneuverable-fire use scheme for artillery and air defense, which includes: deployment into battle formation and transition to a waiting mode; with the appearance (detection) of a target - immediate execution of a fire mission; after the execution of the fire mission - the urgent abandonment of the OP and the implementation of the anti-fire maneuver; then - occupation of a new (reserve) OP and preparation for the next fire mission.

The implementation of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex with the ability to perform topographic and geodetic bindings in places inaccessible to traffic on the TP allows you to:

- to provide the most complete topographic and geodetic information;

- to provide topographic and geodetic reference in hard-to-reach places in several ways: using distance measuring and goniometric determinations made by remote TP equipment, using remote NAP SPS or automatically when a marker is placed on the on-board computer monitor to any place on a digital map of the area, to an object or sign of operational situation .

Implementation of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex when operating in the base control and correction station mode — with the possibility, after transmitting differential corrections, to ASUV facilities equipped with NPS SPS, to determine for these objects their coordinates and height from the UPC of less than 1 meter in real time allows:

- increase the effectiveness of fire weapons having their own navigation equipment, the accuracy of which is insufficient;

- to improve the accuracy of topographic and geodetic reference in the area of responsibility of the combined arms connection of all ASUV facilities equipped with NAP SPS.

Technical solutions with features distinguishing the claimed solution from the prototype are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art. This suggests that the claimed solution is new and has an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows an algorithm for implementing the method of creating topographic and geodetic networks.

The method of creating topographic and geodetic networks for the preparation of combat missile forces, artillery and air defense of the Ground Forces is implemented as follows.

An analysis of the content of the TGO tasks and the state of work to solve them shows that the most critical situation at present has developed in the links of the TGO responsible for the development of the GHS and the binding of reference geodetic points to create the ATGS.

Given the existing topographic and geodetic security of global strategic directions, the use of currently used MSW tools allows you to determine the coordinates of the OP with accuracy that meets the requirements of complete training only in the Western and North-Western strategic directions and in some areas of neighboring countries, provided with geodetic data maps. On strategic directions, poorly provided for topogeodesic (Far East, Siberian, Central Asian), the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the OP, NP and PAR does not meet the requirements of full training. At the same time, considerable time is spent on their binding.

To overcome this situation, it is necessary to re-equip the main structural subdivision of the subsystems of the TGO RV and A and the air defense of the SV — the topographic and geodetic department with high-precision topographic and geodetic complexes (top-binders).

Such a complex is the 1T146 top loader, which has the following characteristics:

- base chassis - URAL-43206-1730 car;

- body - K43501.1-001 van;

- overall dimensions (length × width × height), mm - 8265 × 2580 × 3535;

- TP mass with crew, kg - 11000;

- crew - 3;

- time of continuous operation, h - 24;

- the duration of the break, h - 1;

- power of the electric power plant, kW - 4.2;

- power consumption, kW - 3.5;

- UPC determining coordinates using ground-based equipment from the distance traveled,% - 0.1;

- UPC determining the increment of coordinates and determining the height with continuous correction in motion according to the signals of the NAP SPS and the height determination system:

- by coordinates, m - 3;

- in height, m - 5;

- UPC determination of the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP, ang. min (d.u.) - 2, (00-00.6);

- UPC determination of pitch and roll angles:

- in motion, arcmin - 4;

- in the parking lot, corner min - 0.5;

- gyrocompassing time, no more, min - 6.

A comparison of the main characteristics of this complex and the 1T134M topozopryazchik standing on the equipment of the RF Armed Forces with various types of topographic and navigation equipment is presented in the table.

The analysis of this table shows that the 1T146 top loader is superior to the 1T134M top loader in basic characteristics. The greatest significance for topo-traders in modern conditions is this characteristic when creating ATGS - the number of points to be attached per unit time.

In modern warfare, for the effective solution of the tasks of covering troops from fire defeat of a potential enemy and survival, the main requirement is to hit the target with a short fire salvo. At the same time, the combat weapons of the battery (division) in the area of the firing positions should be dispersed (at a distance of 300 ... 500 m from each other), and units, especially air defense systems, must operate according to a maneuver-fire scheme, which includes: deployment into battle formation and transition to a waiting mode; with the appearance (detection) of the target - the immediate completion of the fire mission, after the completion of the fire mission - the urgent abandonment of the OP and the completion of the anti-fire maneuver; then occupation of a new (reserve) OP and preparation for the next fire mission. The main way to increase their survivability in this case is to use a dispersed battle order. Obviously, the actions of the units according to the maneuverable-fire scheme in a dispersed battle order will require the attachment of a larger number of starting points in a shorter period of time. Thus, for defense operations, it is necessary to tie the order (13-14) of the control points in 1 hour (for each firing position of the battery, both the main and the reserve - 1 point each). So, in the mid-crossed passable area occupied by the positional area, the binding of the specified number of starting points for the allotted time at this time is possible only by means of the 1T146 topographic loader.

The main trend in the development of systems of means of topographic and geodetic support for the NE is an increase in the number and nomenclature of elements of battle formations equipped with individual autonomous navigation and topographic referencing tools. Autonomous means of navigating combat units, depending on the tasks at hand, have both a simplified version - the availability of only satellite navigation means, and complete systems containing satellite navigation equipment and gyroscopic orientation tools. In this regard, the role, place and main performance characteristics of modern topo-traders have undergone changes.

Topopryazchik 1T146 is a fully autonomous high-precision navigation and orientation system, closely integrated in the automatic control system. The main objective of the topographic unit is the topographic and geodetic training of the tactical combat zone. Given the modern tactics of warfare using multiple changes of firing positions (anti-fire maneuvers) over large areas with a density of special geodetic networks much lower than the normative, the only means of bringing MSW is a topographic trailer. In addition, mass elements of battle formations often do not have navigation means or have low precision equipment, so the task of linking, orienting elements of battle formations and driving columns along given routes remains relevant.

In addition, in the 1T146 top loader, the basic mode of the control and correction station (BKS) is implemented for transmitting differential corrections to the signals of the GLONASS and GPS SPS satellites. This will allow SV consumers in the area of responsibility of the combined arms of all ASUV facilities equipped with NPS SPS to determine the coordinates and height from the UPC of less than 1 meter in real time. Topopryazchik 1T146 is fully integrated into the ASUV structure.

Additionally, the top loader is equipped with a remote set of geodetic NAP SPS to perform topographic and geodetic work in places inaccessible to movement on the top loader.

Topopryazchik 1T146 is capable of fulfilling the entire list of tasks related to topographic and geodetic and navigational-temporal support of navigational forces in conditions not only of regional conflicts, but also of conducting global military operations, when the GLONASS station can be suppressed (disabled), and also taking into account the possibility of completing tasks on an infected terrain.

This is due to the fact that to determine the increment of coordinates and the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the top loader in the product 1T146, a high-precision strapdown inertial navigation system BINS-TP, combined with the goniometric NAP KNS, is used. This composition of navigation aids makes it possible to solve most of the problems of determining the angular orientation without using a gyrocompass.

BINS-TP monoblock design combines the positive qualities of three separate devices of on-board equipment of top-loading units of the old generation:

- gyrocompass - means of initial orientation;

- gyro-pointer - means of determining the angle of movement relative to the North;

- calculator - means for determining the location of an object in a given coordinate system.

By re-equipping topogeodetic units with modern topographic sensors, the possibility of creating ATGSs increases, as well as the reliability, efficiency and accuracy of the necessary topographic and geodetic information will increase, as a result of which the effectiveness of hitting typical enemy objects with artillery and anti-aircraft units can be increased by reducing the error of topographic and geodetic preparations, and also reduce time spent by artillery and missile formations at the OP, which will lead to a reduction in losses of formations rovov RV and A due to opposition of the enemy.

The top loader 1T134M with STO TRONA-1 equipment with the technical characteristics indicated in the table is not practical for equipping topogeodesic units in view of the low accuracy and speed of determining topogeodesic information. The basis of the construction of the SRT “TRONA-1” is the odometric principle of operation - this is the collection of information about the distance traveled from the movers of the object (wheels or tracks) and the decomposition of the distance traveled into the component coordinates X and Y according to information from the gyroscopic sensor of the direction of movement of the object. HUNDRED "TRONA-1" is a low-current system for use as a means of autonomous navigation of the top-loader. The use of SRT “TRONA-1” is justified in objects of armored vehicles that do not require high-precision determination of coordinates and use the artillery topographic and geodetic network created with the help of a topographic detachment as a reference network.

Thus, the proposed invention solved the problem of achieving a technical result, which consists in creating a method for creating topographic and geodetic networks for preparing combat operations of missile forces, artillery and air defense of the ground forces, which is carried out in strategic directions, poorly provided with a topographic and geodetic relation, the formation of special geodetic networks (GHS) and the reference of geodetic points - the creation of artillery topographic and geodetic networks (ATGS) due to the applied Oia of high-precision topographic and geodetic complexes.

Claims (1)

A method for creating topographic and geodetic networks for preparing combat operations of missile forces, artillery and air defense of the ground forces, which includes determining topographic and geodetic data by a top loader in terms of interaction using a unified protocol for exchanging objects in an automated command and control system (ASUV), implementing the basic control and correction station mode and transmission to the ASUV objects of the generated differential corrections obtained as a result of the analysis of the quality of navigation information These fields of GLONASS and GPS space navigation systems, characterized by the fact that with the topographic and geodetic support of combat missile forces, artillery and air defense of the ground forces (RV and A and SV air defense), the formation of special geodetic networks (GHS) and artillery topographic and geodetic networks (ATGS) is performed after determining strategic directions, poorly provided in a topographic and geodetic relation, where the accuracy of determining the coordinates of firing positions (OP), observation positions (NP) and artillery points is DKI (PAR) does not meet the requirements of full training, to carry out work on topographic and geodetic support (TGO) in strategic areas, structural units of TGO are equipped with topographic sensors (TP), which have the properties of a high-precision topographic and geodetic complex, made with the possibility of autonomous functioning while simultaneous close integration into the automatic control system , with the ability to manually and automatically determine and enter the initial coordinates in the on-board computer, with the ability to perform work without calculating from TP at the initial or anchor points, with the possibility of ensuring the mean square error (UPC) (σ _X, σ _Y , σ _H ) of determining increments of coordinates and height - not more than 3 m in coordinates and 5 m in height, with the possibility of providing UPC determination directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP - not more than 2 angles. min, with the possibility of providing UPC determination of roll angles and pitch in motion - not more than 4 angles. min, in the parking lot 1 min after the cessation of movement - not more than 0.5 ang. min, with the ability to save information about its location (coordinates, altitude, directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the TP) when turning off the power to the TP, with the ability to provide continuous operation for up to 24 hours without changing all accuracy characteristics, with the ability to bind (13-14) control points for 1 hour for each firing position of the battery, both primary and secondary - 1 point each, with the ability to perform topographic and geodetic reference in places inaccessible to movement on the top loader, when operating in basic control mode no-correcting station - with the possibility of transmission of differential corrections after objects ASUV equipped with navigation equipment consumers of space navigation systems (NAP CND), define data objects of their position and height of the UPC at least 1 meter in real time.

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