RU2435654C1 - Washing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices intended for jet cleaning and may be used for washing intricate shape articles, particularly, assembly units and parts of diesel locomotives. Proposed unit comprises washing chamber, washing fluid bath, pump, truck with rotary platform, car drive with geared motor, and switch. Additionally, proposed unit incorporates lower ramp. Upper ramp may be driven to swing. Both ramps are furnished with pneumatic jets. Truck displacement and platform turn are performed by signal drive and chain transmission. Aforesaid switch is mounted inside washing chamber is incorporates drive with actuator cylinder.

EFFECT: higher quality of cleaning, simplified design and higher reliability.

12 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for jet cleaning of mechanical components and parts and can be used, in particular, at repair enterprises of railway transport, for example, for cleaning parts and components of diesel locomotives.

A known bath for cleaning parts of a locomotive, the frame of which is divided into an upper washing chamber equipped with air barbators, and a lower tank equipped with removable steam barbators and coils (RF patent for utility model No. 80361, IPC B08B 3/02, publ. 02.10.2009) .

However, this machine is designed to wash units with minor coarse contamination, such as fuel tanks, and is not effective enough for high-quality cleaning of parts and components of a complex profile. Its other disadvantages include large overall dimensions and metal consumption, as well as a significantly increased consumption of washing liquid and rinsing water compared to jet washes.

A known installation for washing products (certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 14861, IPC V08B 3/02, publ. 09/10/2000), comprising a washing chamber, a trolley for moving products into the washing chamber, a reciprocating movement of the trolley in the washing chamber, system control of the drive of the reciprocating movement of the trolley, rail track for moving the trolley. The unit is equipped with bathtubs and collectors for washing liquid, means for rinsing and supplying warm air to the dryer, as well as a liquid draining system. The drive of the reciprocating movement of the trolley is made in the form of a power cylinder installed between the guides of the rail track in the zone of loading and unloading products.

The disadvantages of the described installation include limited stroke of the reciprocating movement of the trolley from the drive, made in the form of a power cylinder. The trolley is rolled into the washing chamber and rolled out of it manually, which, when cleaning large items, significantly increases the complexity. In addition, when processing products in the washing chamber, the reciprocating movements of the trolley in the absence of a displacement of the direction of the jets of washing liquid and / or rotation of the table with the products to be cleaned cannot provide high-quality cleaning of parts and assemblies of complex shapes.

Closest to the proposed washer in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is the installation for washing products (USSR author's certificate No. 498043, IPC VV 3/02, publ. 05.01.1976), containing a washing chamber, a bath for washing liquid, a choking manifold, a pump , a trolley with a table mounted on it with the possibility of rotation, and a drive for moving the trolley. The installation is equipped with a switching mechanism, made in the form of a pulley mounted on the table with radial slots evenly spaced around the circumference, and mounted on a trolley with the possibility of interaction with the pulley by a spring-loaded lever and deflecting rollers.

The known installation is equipped with a choking manifold rigidly fixed in the upper part of the washing chamber, the energy of the jets of which is insufficient for high-quality cleaning of contaminated products with a complex profile, in addition, this design of the collector does not provide the necessary cleaning of the product from the bottom and side. The switching mechanism is mounted in the center of the rotary table, has a complex multi-element design and is exposed to aggressive environments and pollution, which significantly reduces the reliability of this unit and the installation as a whole. Use as a flexible connection for the reciprocating movement of the cable carriage does not provide accurate positioning of the carriage in the washing chamber. In addition, the impact of aggressive environments contributes to a fairly rapid destruction of the cable, and therefore there is a need to replace it.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of improving the operational characteristics of the washing machine.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning products, simplifying the design and improving the reliability of operation of the installation.

To obtain the specified result, the installation for washing products containing a washing chamber, a bath for washing liquid, an upper ramp for supplying a washing solution, a pump, a trolley with a rotary platform, a drive for moving a trolley with a gear motor and a switching mechanism is additionally equipped with a lower ramp for supplying a washing solution, and the upper ramp is installed with the possibility of swinging from the drive.

The implementation of the lower L-shaped ramp allows you to cover the lower and side surfaces of the products being cleaned with jets of washing solution, inaccessible to the nozzles of the upper ramp.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the upper ramp contains a pipeline to which nozzles are connected via flexible pipelines, interconnected by a thrust. The latter is pivotally attached to the long shoulder of the two shoulders arm, the short arm of which is connected to the swing drive. This drive includes a worm gear motor, on the output shaft of which a disk is mounted, to which the end of the rod is attached with an eccentricity, the other end is connected to the short shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever. Thanks to the implementation of the upper swinging ramp, the washing quality of hard-to-reach places of parts and assemblies is improved by changing the angle of inclination of the jets of the washing solution.

Performing pneumatic nozzles and supplying the installation with an air supply system with an air preparation unit, under pressure supplied to the upper and lower ramps to create a high-pressure gas-liquid jet at the outlet of the pneumatic nozzles, allows you to create a jet of washing solution, which destroys pollution on cleaned products with increased energy.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the switching mechanism is installed outside the washing chamber and contains a shaft located in the bearings, mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the gear motor. A drive sprocket and a cam disk are mounted on this shaft, mounted on it with the possibility of longitudinal movement from the drive and engagement with the coupling half. The latter is mounted on the output shaft of the gear motor and is equipped with a drive sprocket. The drive of the switching mechanism comprises a power cylinder, to the rod of which a two-arm lever is attached at one end. The other end of this lever is connected to a cam disk mounted to interact with the coupling half.

The platform turning mechanism comprises a gearbox mounted on the frame of the carriage, on the input shaft of which an asterisk is mounted, connected by a chain to the asterisk of the said coupling half. An asterisk is mounted on the output shaft of this gearbox, connected by a chain to an asterisk mounted on the lower end of a vertical shaft mounted in the central part of the truck, on the upper end of which a rotary platform is fixed.

By simplifying the design of the switching mechanism and its drive, as well as the platform turning mechanism, an increase in the reliability of the transport system of the washing machine is achieved.

In addition, increasing the reliability of the transport system is ensured by placing a switching mechanism outside the washing chamber and using the chain as a flexible connection of drive elements instead of a metal cable in the closest analogue.

The presence in the installation of two tanks equipped with heat exchangers for the washing solution and equipping the tank for preparing the solution with a barbator helps to increase the uniformity and quality of the washing solution, as well as accelerate its preparation.

Equipping the tanks with level and temperature sensors, as well as equipping the bathtub with a float mechanism, can increase the level of plant automation and control the parameters of the washing solution.

Due to the presence of a grill in the upper part of the bath and a filter on the exhaust pipe, the ingress of large mud fragments into the pipe connecting the bath to the pump unit is limited.

The use of a hydrocyclone in the installation, one of the outlet pipelines of which is connected to the tank of the finished solution, and the other to the collector connected to the treatment facilities, allows reusing part of the washing solution, reducing the cost of preparing the solution and reducing environmental pollution.

Figure 1 shows the proposed installation for washing products, General view; figure 2 is the same, plan view; figure 3 - swinging ramp; figure 4 - transport system installation; figure 5 is a view a in figure 3.

Installation for washing products includes a washing chamber 1 (Fig. 1) with roller shutter gates 2 lifting from the drive, equipped with a washing solution supply system, including a ramp 3 rigidly fixed in the lower part of the chamber and installed in the upper part of the chamber with the possibility of swinging from the drive 4 ramp 5 , pneumatic nozzles 6 of which are turned towards the product being cleaned.

In the lower part of the washing chamber mounted bath 7 for collecting spent cleaning solution (figure 2). The bath is equipped with a float mechanism 8, as well as a grate in the upper part and a strainer on the exhaust pipe (not shown).

The installation has two tanks 9 and 10 equipped with heat exchangers (not shown) (FIGS. 1, 2), to which steam and water are supplied. Both tanks are equipped with filters, level and temperature sensors (not shown).

The tank 9 for the preparation of the washing solution is installed above the washing chamber and has a loading hatch for the detergent. This tank is equipped with a bubbler (not shown) and is connected by a pipeline to the ready-made solution tank 10 below, which, through a pumping unit 11, is connected by a pipeline to ramps 3 and 5.

The washing chamber is equipped with an air supply system connected to the shop line with the air preparation unit 12 (FIG. 2) for additional purification. Using this system, air is supplied to the pneumatic nozzles 6 ramps 3 and 4 and nozzles 13 for air blowing.

The upper ramp 5 (Fig. 3) contains a conduit 14 connected to the tank 10, to which pneumatic nozzles 6 are connected via flexible conduits 15, connected by a link 16. At the same time, one end of the link 16 is attached to the link 17 by an axis, which is rotatably fixed on the pipeline 14. The other end of the link 16 is pivotally connected to the long shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever 18, the short arm of which is pivotally connected to the link 19. This link connects the ramp 5 to the drive 4, made in the form of a worm gear motor 20 mounted on the frame 21, p mounted to the wall of the washing chamber 1. On the output shaft of the gearmotor 20, a disk 22 is mounted, to which the end of the rod 19 is attached with an eccentricity.

The bath 7 through pipelines through the pumping unit 23 is connected to a hydrocyclone 24 (figure 2), which in turn is connected to the tank 10 of the finished solution and the collector 25, in communication with the treatment facilities of the repair enterprise.

A transport system is built into the installation for washing products (Fig. 4), including a trolley 27 mounted on a rail 26 with the possibility of reciprocating movement. In the central part of the trolley, on its frame, a vertical shaft 28 is installed, at the upper end of which a lattice rotary is fixed a platform 29 for cleanable products provided with support rollers 30 for interacting with said frame.

The drive for moving the trolley and turning the platform is made uniform and contains a gear motor 31, on the output shaft of which a half-coupling 33 made with an asterisk 32 is mounted, interacting with a switching mechanism (Fig. 5), which can be installed in positions corresponding to the movement of the trolley or the rotation of the platform.

The switching mechanism is mounted on one base with the gear motor 31 and comprises a shaft 35 located in the bearings 34, mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the gear motor. An asterisk 36 is set on the inter-bearing section of the shaft 35, and a cam disk 37 is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement from the drive on its free splined end. Elements for engaging with a support 34 for locking the drive sprocket 36 are made on one end of the disk 37, and elements for coupling with the coupling half 33.

The actuator of the switching mechanism comprises a two-arm lever 39 attached at one end to the rod of the actuator 38, the other end of which is connected to the cam disk 37. The displacement drive chain 40 spanning the sprocket 36 is attached with its ends to the opposite ends of the trolley 27. To guide and tension the chain 40 in the transport system provides bypass sprockets 41 and 42.

A platform 29 turning mechanism is mounted on a trolley, comprising a gearbox 43 mounted on the frame, an asterisk 44 is mounted on its input shaft, a chain 45 is connected to an asterisk 32 of the coupling half 33, mounted on the gearmotor shaft 31. An asterisk 46 is mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox 43, with a chain 47 connected to an asterisk 48, mounted on the lower end of the vertical shaft 28. For the direction and tension of the chain 45 in the transport system there are two bypass sprockets 49, as well as sprockets 50 and 51.

The installation is equipped with stops 52 (Fig. 3) to limit the movement of the trolley 27 along the rail track, a sensor to locate the trolley in the chamber (not shown), and a remote control 53 (Fig. 2) to control the operation of the installation in manual and automatic modes.

The installation for washing products as follows.

When working in manual mode, each operation is carried out by pressing the corresponding button on the remote control 53 of the control (figure 2).

To prepare for the operation of the installation, water is supplied to the tank 9 (Fig. 1) for the preparation of the washing solution, and detergent is filled in through the loading hatch, in this example, RIC powder. After that, steam is supplied to the heat exchanger and, using a sensor, the temperature of the washing solution is monitored during heating.

Upon reaching the upper level of the solution in the tank 9, fixed by the sensor, the water supply to it is stopped and the bubbler is turned on to improve mixing of the solution. The approximate time of complete mixing of the washing solution is determined empirically. Then the valves are opened, and the finished solution is poured into the tank 10. The operation is repeated until the upper level of the solution detected by the sensor is reached.

In the initial position, the level of the washing solution in the tank 10 is the top. The solution is heated in the tank 10 by means of a heat exchanger and monitored by a sensor (not shown). Maintaining the desired temperature of the solution in the tanks is carried out using automation and temperature sensors, the readings of which are displayed on the digital indicators of the control panel 53 (figure 2).

After that, on the trolley 27 (Fig. 1), placed at the loading position on the rail 26 in front of the washing chamber 1, the gate 2 of which is raised, the items to be cleaned, for example, parts or assemblies of the locomotive, are to be cleaned using the lifting and transport mechanism.

To feed the trolley 27 into the washing chamber, the switching mechanism is set to a position corresponding to the movement of the trolley. In this case, the rod of the power cylinder 38 (Fig. 5) is retracted, the two-arm lever 39 is rotated relative to the fixing axis, moving its cam end 37 along the splined end of the shaft 35 until it engages with the coupling half 33 mounted on the output shaft of the gear motor 31. Then, the motor is turned on gear 31, while the sprockets 33 and 36 begin to rotate.

The chain 40 (FIG. 4), spanning the sprocket 36, moves, driving the trolley 27, while the trolley moves into the washing chamber.

At the same time, the chain 45 begins to move, covering the sprockets 32 and 44. Given that the drive sprockets 32 and 36 have the same parameters and rotate at the same frequency, and the chains 40 and 45 have the same pitch, the speeds of movement of these chains are equal. Therefore, the angular velocity of rotation of the driven sprocket 44 is zero and the platform 29 does not rotate.

The movement of the truck along the rail continues until the stops 52 are reached at the end of the washing chamber, after which sensors (not shown) are triggered, the gear motor 31 is turned off and the truck stops.

Then set the switching mechanism in the position corresponding to the rotation of the platform. In this case, the rod of the power cylinder 38 (Fig. 5) extends, moving the end of the two shoulders of the lever 39, the other end of which moves the cam disk 37 along the shaft 35, disengaging it from the coupling half 33. At the same time, the disk 37 engages with the support 34 and fixes the shaft 35 from rotation and with it an asterisk 36.

After that, the gear motor 31 is turned on and the sprocket 32 starts to rotate. Through the chain 45 (Fig. 4), rotation is transmitted to the sprocket 44 mounted on the input shaft of the gearbox 43. Then, through the sprocket 46 mounted on the output shaft of this gearbox, and the chain 47 is transmitted to the sprocket 48. A torque is generated on the vertical shaft 28, which provides turn of a platform 29 with products.

Next, include a gear motor 20 of the drive 4 of the swing ramp 5 (Fig.1, 3) and lower the roller shutter gate 2.

When the output shaft of the gearmotor 20 is rotated, the disk 22 rotates to which the end of the rod 19 is attached with eccentricity, which moves the end of the two shoulders of the lever 18. By turning this lever, the reciprocating movement of the rod 16, suspended from the pipeline 14 by means of the link 17. pneumatic nozzles 6 connected to the pipe 14 using the sleeves 15.

Then include a pump unit 11 for supplying detergent solution to the ramps and a pump unit 23 for removing solution from the bath 7, and also include an air supply system containing a unit 12. A mixture of the washing solution with air under a pressure of 5 atm is supplied to the pneumatic nozzles 6 of both ramps, and the products are washed with a high-pressure jet. If necessary, rinsing may be provided.

In the process of washing products, the contaminated solution from the bath 7 through the pump unit 23 is fed into the hydrocyclone 24 (figure 2) for cleaning and subsequent supply to the tank 10 of the finished solution. Periodically, contaminants from the hydrocyclone and tank 10 are removed through the collector 25 to the treatment plant of the repair plant, and excess solution is dumped there.

After washing, the pump unit 11 and the drive 4 of the swing ramp 5 are turned off. Include air blowing products through the nozzle 13 (figure 2).

Then turn off the pump unit 23, air blower, air supply system and raise the roller shutter gate 2.

Using the power cylinder 38 set the switching mechanism in a position corresponding to the movement of the trolley. Then include a gear motor 31 and the trolley rolls out to its original position, where peeled products are removed from it.

After monitoring the level of the washing solution in the tank 10 and replenishing it, if necessary, from the tank 9, the installation cycle is repeated.

Work in automatic mode is carried out by pressing the "Automatic washing" button on the control panel 53, while all operations provided for the manual mode of operation are performed.

Claims (12)

1. Installation for washing products containing a washing chamber, a bath for washing liquid, an upper ramp for supplying a washing solution, a pump, a trolley with a rotary platform, a trolley with a gear motor and a switching mechanism, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a lower ramp for supplying a washing solution, the upper ramp is installed with the possibility of swinging from the drive, the switching mechanism is installed outside the washing chamber and contains a shaft located in the bearings, mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the gear motor, p a drive sprocket and cam disk deposited on this shaft with elements for engagement at the ends, the cam disk mounted on the shaft with the possibility of longitudinal movement from the drive and engagement with an adjacent support or coupling half having a drive sprocket and mounted on the output shaft of said gear motor, and the platform rotation mechanism comprises a gearbox mounted on the frame of the trolley, on the input shaft of which there is an asterisk connected by a chain to the asterisk of the said coupling half, on the output shaft of this gearbox his wife is an asterisk, connected by a chain to an asterisk mounted on the lower end of a vertical shaft mounted in the central part of the trolley, on the upper end of which a rotary platform is fixed. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper ramp comprises a pipeline to which nozzles are connected via flexible pipelines, interconnected by a rod, which is pivotally attached to the long arm of the two-shouldered arm, the short arm of which is connected to the swing drive. 3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the swing drive of the upper ramp is made in the form of a worm gear motor, on the output shaft of which there is a disk, to which the end of the rod is attached with eccentricity, the other end is connected to the short shoulder of the two shoulders lever. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower ramp is L-shaped. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air supply system with an air preparation unit. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles of the upper and lower ramps are made pneumatic. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of the switching mechanism comprises a power cylinder, to the rod of which a two-arm lever is attached at one end, while the other end of this lever is connected to a cam disk mounted to interact with the coupling half. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a tank for the preparation of a washing solution and a tank of the finished solution. 9. Installation according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the washing solution preparation tank is equipped with a heat exchanger, a barbator, level and temperature sensors. 10. Installation according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the tank of the finished solution is equipped with a heat exchanger, as well as level and temperature sensors. 11. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the bath is equipped with a float mechanism, a grill in the upper part and a filter on the exhaust pipe. 12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a hydrocyclone, one of the outlet pipelines of which is connected to the tank of the finished solution, and the other to the collector in communication with the treatment facilities.

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