RU2426610C1 - Pipeline inner space cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for cleaning hollow items such as pipelines with help of moving appliances and removing deposits from pipeline inner space. The device provides widening of technological possibilities due to decreasing of external diameter up to 45 mm and to increasing power and working capacity of the device due to efficient usage of it in pipelines of small diameter from 70 to 100 mm. Proposed device comprises turbine with vanes, head with shaft coupled with said turbine, shaft front section supporting tip with cutting edges, and casing with jet nozzles. Casing inner space is filled with working reagent. Casing comprises shaft with turbine fitted thereon. Turbine vanes are arranged between casing and perforated shaft to force working reagent out onto turbine vanes.

EFFECT: expanded performances, higher efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for cleaning hollow products, such as pipelines, from the inside using moving devices and removing deposits from the cavity of the pipelines. It is known "Device for removing deposits from the cavity of the pipeline", see the description of the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1484392, Cl. B08B 9/04, 1987, containing a hollow body with a nozzle for the working agent and an annular cavity with an elastic outer wall mounted in the housing along its axis with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the spool.

This “Device” does not provide for the removal of solid deposits, requiring significant mechanical forces. Spool operation is not reliable enough, the adjustment is complicated.

It is known "Device for cleaning the inner surface of the pipeline" described in the description of the author's certificate of the USSR No. 578128, Cl. BVB 9/04, 1977, made in the form of nozzles with jet nozzles, having a smaller diameter tip with side and central nozzles. To increase the cleaning efficiency, the “device” is equipped with a spool made in the form of a perforated sleeve and located inside the nozzle. The applied axial impacts by the tip do not have sufficient force to destroy deposits in the pipe due to the need to reverse the spool by transferring the working fluid to its opposite cavities.

With a small length of movement of the spool, the tip does not have time to acquire sufficient energy. Spool adjustment is difficult and its operation is not reliable enough.

The known device for cleaning the inner surface of the pipeline contains a tip with cutting edges mounted on a hollow shaft, on which a jet and a turbine chamber are located behind the tip, the latter of which has end walls with an axial hole for passage of the shaft and means for supplying a working medium connected to the turbine chamber . The device includes a housing 1 with rear jet nozzles 2. A sleeve 3 is connected to the housing 1 on the thread, into which the washers 4 and 5 are screwed to form a turbine chamber 6. A fitting 7 is screwed onto the sleeve 3 for connection with the working agent supply hose. Inside the device there is a hollow shaft 8, on which the blades of the turbine 9 and the support ring 10 are rigidly fixed. On the front of the hollow shaft 8, a tip 11 with cutting edges is mounted on the thread.

The device is equipped with an ejector nozzle 12 installed by its output nozzle in the axial hole of the washer 5 of the end wall from the supply side of the working agent. The ejector nozzle 12 is located coaxially with the hollow shaft 8 and is in communication with its internal cavity (channel) 13. In the washers 4 and 5, which are the end walls of the turbine chamber 6, holes 14 are made for the directed supply of the working agent, respectively, to the blades of the turbine 9 and to the reactive the chamber 15 formed by the cavity of the housing 1. The washer 4 is simultaneously the end wall of the turbine 6 and the reactive 15 chambers.

The tip 11 is made in the form of a replaceable head. Depending on the nature of the state and content of deposits in the cavity and on the inner surface of the pipeline, corresponding cutting elements are installed on the tip 11. The front part of the interchangeable head has an end mill 16 for destroying solid deposits in the pipe cavity; cone-shaped spiral knives 18 with a lateral cutting edge are fixed on the beam brackets 17 of the head for additional destruction of deposits and their transportation to the jet stream.

The tip 11 is made in the form of a figured knife, the blades 19 of which are S-shaped with a bend in the middle part to obtain a longer cut line. Such a replaceable head is most effective for destroying loose and porous deposits, it has end and side cutting edges. But each interchangeable head of the tip 11 is certainly equipped with an eccentric vibrator 20 to give the device during its operation movement along a conical and cylindrical spiral when cleaning pipelines of different diameters.

The eccentric vibrator 20 is rigidly connected to the body of the tip 11. The hollow shaft 8 is made with an axial channel 13 for supplying a working agent to the zone of action of the cutting elements of the tip 1 for erosion of destructible deposits. On the back of the hollow shaft 8, a turbine 9 is rigidly mounted, the curly blades of which are in the form of a screw spiral. The hollow shaft 8 is mounted to rotate around its axis, its longitudinal movement is limited by the support ring 10 and the support socket of the washer 5.

The device is equipped with an ejector nozzle 12 installed by its output nozzle in the axial hole of the end wall (washer) 5 from the supply side of the working agent.

To perform work on cleaning the inner surface of the pipeline, the device (see invention of the USSR as.with. No. 1768336, B08B 9/14) is connected to the working agent supply hose using a nozzle 7.

The main disadvantage of the device is the presence on the shaft in the turbine chamber of the screw. The screw cannot develop a large number of revolutions. The shaft has a longitudinal channel for supplying a working agent. During operation, the shaft constantly bends and fails.

A working agent, such as water, is supplied to the rear of the turbine chamber.

The turbine blades are screw-shaped. Water passing through the turbine chamber, rotating the turbine, pushes it forward. The turbine shaft rotates on radial bearings or bushings. With an increase in the supply of water to the turbine, the longitudinal force on the shaft increases, which leads to rapid wear of the support sleeves and radial bearings. For these reasons, the device is difficult constructively, inefficient and unreliable in operation.

The known device (see RF patent for utility model No. 43201) consists of the following main components and parts: housing 1 with a jet chamber 2 and jet rear nozzles 3, a turbine chamber 4, with end walls 5 and 6, in which there are openings 7 for directed supply of the working agent to the blades 11, 12 and into the reaction chamber 2 of the housing 1.

The device comprises a shaft 8, on the front of which a tip 9 with cutting edges 10 is installed. Two blades 11, 12 are rigidly fixed to the shaft 8 in the turbine chamber 4, the blades are welded to the shaft and deployed crosswise to each other, at an angle of 90 °.

The turbine chamber 4 has a fitting 13 for connection with a supply hose of the working agent.

The tip 9 is made in the form of a replaceable screw head.

The device has the following disadvantages:

- unreliable in work, because jet nozzles are located in front of the jet chamber, so the device is diverted into a fracture of the pipe being cleaned;

- difficult structurally, because has a jet, turbine and pressure chamber;

- when working at high pressures of the working agent over 25 atm, the water stream feeds forward and seizes the shaft in the sleeve of the turbine chamber.

A device for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline, see patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 46667, 7 MKI V08V 9/04.

The device consists of the following main components and parts: housing 1 with a jet chamber 2 and jet nozzles 3, a turbine chamber 4, with a side wall 5 and a flange 6, in the wall 5 there are openings 7 for the directed supply of the working agent to the blades 11 and to the reactive chamber 2 cases 1. The turbine chamber is made in the form of a hollow cylinder and is installed inside the pressure chamber. The pressure chamber 12 is screwed onto the flange of the turbine chamber to form a cavity 17 for the working agent.

The device comprises a shaft 8, on the front of which a tip 9 with cutting edges 10 is mounted, on the shaft 8 in the turbine chamber 4 there are blades 11 made on the shaft along its axis of rotation.

The blades 11 can be made in relation to an imaginary plane 18, in which lies the axis of rotation of the shaft 8, the floor angle α in the range from 0 ° to 90 °.

At the end of the pressure chamber 12 there is a nozzle 13 for connection with the supply hose of the working agent.

The tip 9 is made in the form of a replaceable screw head. Depending on the nature, condition and content of deposits in the cavity, an appropriate tip can be installed on the inner surface of the pipeline. The shaft 8 is installed in the bearing 15 and the sleeve 16.

To perform work on cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline, the device is connected with a fitting 13 to the supply hose of a working agent, for example, water.

The device has the following disadvantages:

- jet nozzles are located in front of the device in the housing. Therefore, when a device passes a fault in the wall of a cleaned pipeline under the influence of reactive traction created by an agent escaping from the nozzles of the body, the device leaves the fault through the fault;

- the tip, which destroys deposits in the pipeline, rotates in front of the reaction chamber, which causes rapid abrasive wear of the reaction chamber;

- when operating at high pressures above 25 atm, the water stream feeds forward and wedges the shaft;

- the device is complicated by the presence of reactive and pressure turbine chambers.

These shortcomings do not allow to achieve a technical result created by the proposed utility model.

A device is known, see RF patent for utility model "Device for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline" No. 53943, published June 10, 2006, bull. No. 16.

The device consists of the following components and parts: housing 1, jet nozzles 2, holes 3 in housing 1, turbine 4, connecting bolt 5, sleeve 6, shaft 7, blades 9, protective casing 10, holes 11 in the casing, pipe 12 on the turbine , fitting 14, cutting unit.

The housing 1 contains a cavity 15 for the working agent and a sleeve 6 on which a turbine 4 is mounted.

The device lacks a jet turbine and a pressure chamber, existing in the analogues of the patents on the PM of the Russian Federation No. 43201, pos. 2, 4, 12; No. 46687, items 2, 4, 12.

The holes 3 are inclined at an angle α to an imaginary plane passing through a horizontal center line, see AA.

The blades 9 are conventionally not shown.

The turbine 4 is fixed on the end of the housing 1 with a bolt 5.

The bolt 5 and the sleeve 12 have a left-hand thread, therefore, during operation, the bolt 5 and the shaft 7 screwed onto the sleeve 12 are not unscrewed.

It is known "Device for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline", see RF patent No. 2365436, priority November 27, 2007, bull. No.24 of 08/27/2009

The device consists of the following components and parts.

In the housing 1 is fixed, for example screwed in, a pipe 19 having an internal cavity 15 into which the working agent water flows under pressure from the fitting 14. A turbine 4 with blades 9 is installed on the nozzle 19. A head 16 is screwed on the turbine 4. The blades 9 are located inside the head 16. The head 16 contains a shaft 7 with a tip 8. Carbide inserts are mounted on the head 16. On the nozzle 19, for example, a pressure head is screwed nozzle 5 with holes 3 through which the working agent, for example water, enters the blades 9.

The bearing 6 is protected by an oil seal 12 and a washer 22, fixing the bearing 6 in the turbine 4.

This device is taken as the closest analogue prototype.

The prototype technical solution and design do not allow to make a device with a smaller external diameter, to use it in pipes of a smaller diameter.

The nozzle 19 cannot be made thinner than the permissible size, since the turbine 4 rotates on it and it has a cavity 15, which must have a diameter that ensures the supply of the working agent in sufficient quantity to the pressure nozzle 5 for holes 3. Pressure nozzle 5 also cannot be made with a diameter smaller allowable size, since it creates high pressure, while the holes 3 in the pressure nozzle 5 should not be closer to the axial line of the pressure nozzle 5, since this reduces the distance of the supply of the working agent to the blades 9, which sharply decreases It has a turbine rotation force and makes the device ineffective.

The prototype has an external diameter of 65 mm, which does not allow its effective use in pipes of small diameter, for example 70-100 mm, clogged with large fractions.

The prototype affects the increase in its external diameter also the fact that the blades 9 are located above the pressure nozzle 5 inside the head 16.

In the present invention, the blades 9 are located above the surface of the shaft 19 and protrude above the surface of the turbine 4 and when the turbine 4 rotates, they help to discard deposits back, which improves the movement of the projectile.

The prototype, operating at the same pressure of the working agent, as the claimed invention, has a lower rotation force of the turbine 4, since the blades 9 of the turbine 4 have a narrow surface. If you increase the width of the blade 9, this increases the diameter of the turbine 4 and the entire prototype.

These disadvantages do not allow to achieve a technical result created by the invention.

The objective and technical result of the present invention are to create a device for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline, allowing:

- expand technological capabilities by reducing the external diameter of the device;

- get the rotation of the turbine with greater power without increasing the cost of the working agent:

- to simplify the manufacture and technological maintenance of the device due to the location of the blades and bearings;

- increase the efficiency of the device due to the operation of the device at a lower pressure of 30-120 atm, as well as due to the movement of the device with the help of screw protrusions and part of the blades protruding above the surface of the turbine.

This is achieved through new technical solutions that are in a causal relationship with the technical result.

The essence of the claimed invention is expressed in the aggregate of the following essential features.

In the already known device containing a turbine with blades, a head connected to it with a shaft, on the front of which a tip is installed, and also containing a housing with jet nozzles, made in the form of a bowl with an internal cavity that is filled with a working agent that is distinctive from the prototype, new The essential features are as follows:

- a shaft is mounted in the housing on which the turbine is mounted;

- the turbine blades are placed between the casing and the shaft;

- the turbine is made in the form of a sleeve with holes in which the blades are fixed with an exit to the outside;

- the shaft may be made with an axial hole, and the head may contain holes for the output of the working agent.

The definition of the prototype as the closest analogue made it possible to identify a set of features essential in relation to the technical result in the claimed device, which are set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under applicable law.

The search results show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since the transformations prescribed by this invention, characterized by significant features distinctive from the prototype, aimed at achieving a technical result, have not been identified.

Therefore, the claimed solution meets the requirement of "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a device for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline in a section schematically, with tears.

The present invention comprises a housing 1, jet nozzles 2 in the housing, holes 3 on the shaft, turbine 4, nut 5, bearing 6, shaft 7, tip 8, turbine blades 9, carbide inserts 10, cutting edges 13, stuffing box 12, fitting 14, the head 16, the nut 18, the shaft 19, the screw protrusions 21, the cavity 23 for the exit of the agent, the internal cavity 24 in the housing 1.

The housing 1 comprises a shaft 19, which may optionally have a through axial bore (not shown) or may be all-metal. The housing 1 and the shaft 19 can be made as a single integral housing part or can be connected, for example, by thread. Holes 3 are made on the shaft 19 for supplying the working agent to the blades 9 of the turbine 4. A through axial hole in the shaft 19 serves to supply the working agent to the head 16 with its subsequent exit through the holes (not shown) in the head 16 for erosion of deposits. In the absence of a through axial hole in the shaft 19, the head 16 is made without holes. Such a head 16 is used, for example, in pipes heavily overgrown with roots or clogged with large gravel, where the front erosion is ineffective.

A turbine with 4 with blades 9 is installed on the shaft 19. An oil seal 12 is installed inside the turbine 4. The turbine 4 rotates on bearings 6, which are held by nut 5 and head 16.

The head 16 has carbide strips 10 and a shaft 7 with a tip 8, which may have a different design, for example, cutting edges 13.

The working agent enters through the fitting 14 into the cavity 24, from which through the holes 3 in the shaft 19 it enters the blades 9 of the turbine 4 and exits through the cavity 23.

The surface of the turbine 4 is made with screw projections 21, and can also be smooth and have screw replaceable sleeves with projections for cleaning directly the walls of the pipeline.

Nozzles 2 are made in the housing, which serve to create jet thrust.

The device operates as follows. The working agent, entering through the fitting 14, fills the cavity 24 and, going out through the nozzles 2, pushes away from the walls of the pipeline with jet jets and, eroding deposits, moves the device through the pipeline.

At the same time, the working agent from the cavity 24 through the hole 3 presses on the blades 9 of the turbine 4, rotating the turbine and head 16. Rotating, the head 16 with carbide plates 10 and tip 8 loosens the deposits. The turbine 4 has screw projections 21, which, when the turbine 4 rotates, promotes the advancement of the device, like a screw propulsion device, and together with the protrusions of the blades 9 throw deposits back. Screw projections 21 improve the promotion of the device in pipelines, overgrown with roots, clogged with large deposits and fats, which is the technical result of the invention.

If necessary, the shaft 19 may have a through axial hole through which the working agent water enters the head 16. The head 16 may have openings for the working agent out and erosion of deposits, as is done in the prototype, see item 11.

The turbine 4 instead of the screw protrusions 21 may have other carbide protrusions for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline from solid deposits. This increases the efficiency of the device as a technical result of the invention.

In the prototype, the pipe 19 must have a cavity 15 for supplying the working agent to the pressure nozzle 5 and have holes in the head 16 for the output of the working agent of water and erosion of deposits.

For the proposed device, the shaft 19 may be all-metal or may be made with a through axial hole. The shaft can be made together with the housing 1 as a single integral housing part, or the shaft 19 and the housing 1 can be connected, for example, by thread. In both cases, the working agent enters from the cavity 24 through the openings 3 on the blades 9 and exits through the cavity 23.

If necessary, erosion of deposits, the shaft 19 has a through axial hole, as see Fig. 1 in the prototype pos. 15, for supplying a working agent to the head 16 and exits through the holes made in the head 16. as in the prototype, see pos. 11.

The prototype has a pressure nozzle 5 with holes 3.

The proposed device has no pressure nozzle 5, and a nut 5 is screwed onto the shaft 19.

The prototype blades 9 of the turbine 4 are located in the head 16.

The proposed device has a nut 5 in the head 16, and the blades 9 are located between the housing 1 and the shaft 19. The blades 9 are fixed in the holes of the turbine 4 with an exit to the outside, which expands technological capabilities as a technical result.

The prototype of the turbine 4 is difficult, for example, to mill the blades 9, which complicates the manufacture of the turbine 4.

In the proposed device, the turbine 4 is made in the form of a sleeve with holes in which the blades 9 are inserted and welded at an angle with the exit to the outside, which simplifies the manufacture and maintenance as a technical result.

The prototype has a washer 22, in which there is an oil seal 12.

The proposed device does not have a washer 22, the seal 12 is located in the cavity of the turbine 4.

The prototype technical solution and design do not allow to make a device with a smaller external diameter, to use it in pipes of a smaller diameter.

The pipe 19 cannot be made thinner than the permissible size, since the turbine 4 rotates on it and it has a cavity 15, which must have a diameter that ensures the supply of a working agent, for example, water, in a sufficient amount to the pressure nozzle 5 for holes 3. Pressure nozzle 5 in the prototype it is also impossible to make the diameter smaller than the allowable size, since high pressure is created in it, while the holes 3 in the pressure nozzle 5 should not be closer to the axial line of the pressure nozzle 5, since this reduces the feed distance of the working agent, For example the water, the blades 9, which drastically reduces the rotation of the turbine power and making the device ineffective.

The prototype has an external diameter of 65 mm, which does not allow efficient use in pipes of small diameter 70-100 mm, clogged with large fractions.

The proposed device has an external diameter of 45 mm, which greatly expands technological capabilities as a technical result and its use in small diameter pipelines.

The prototype also affects the increase in the outer diameter of the fact that the blades 9 are located above the pressure nozzle 5 inside the head 16.

At the proposed device, the blades 9 are located above the surface of the shaft 19 and protrude above the surface of the turbine 4, while rotating the turbine 4 they help to discard deposits back, which improves the movement of the device as a technical result.

The prototype, working at the same pressure of the working agent, as the claimed invention, has a lower rotation force 4, since the turbine blades 9 have a narrow surface. If you increase the width of the blades 9, this increases the outer diameter of the turbine 4 and the entire prototype.

The proposed device, having a smaller external diameter than the prototype, has a large area of the blades 9 of the turbine 4 and rotates the turbine 4 with a lower pressure and consumption of the working agent with greater power, which is a technical result and an increase in the efficiency of the device.

The prototype is heavier than the proposed device.

The proposed device is lighter than the prototype, which allows it to overcome the ledges and move with less pressure and consumption of the working agent.

In the prototype, in order to service the bearing 6, it is necessary to unscrew the head 16 from the turbine 4, unscrew the pressure nozzle 5 from the pipe 19, remove the turbine 4 from the pipe 19, unscrew the washer 22 from the turbine 4.

In the proposed device, in order to service the bearing 6, it is necessary to unscrew the head 16 from the turbine 4, unscrew the nut 5 from the shaft 19, which simplifies maintenance as a technical result.

The present invention achieves such a technical result as the expansion of technological capabilities for cleaning the internal cavities of pipelines with a smaller diameter. It is impossible to perform such work with the prototype, since it has blades 9 of the turbine 4 located inside the head 16.

Compared with similar devices for cleaning pipelines, the claimed device does not have "capricious" spools with their reversibility for the movement of the working tip, with the need to remove it from the "dead" position and the associated loss of power.

The claimed device can be used for cleaning underground and surface sewers and other piping systems for cleaning pipes from soot, scale and other deposits. The device is especially effective for cleaning heavily clogged, unused and overgrown sewers for a long time.

The proposed device has an external diameter of 45 mm, which allows its efficient use in pipelines of small diameter, for example 70-100 mm, clogged with large fractions.

Thus, the above information indicates the possibility of using the invention in the form as described in the claims using the above described in the application and the proposed means. Therefore, the claimed device meets the requirement of "industrially applicable under applicable law."

On the claimed device made working drawings, made and tested a prototype. Tests have shown high efficiency in cleaning long-inactive sewer pipelines. Productivity increased by 5%. Reliability increased, friction coefficient decreased, efficiency increased.

The device operates in a wide pressure range from 30 to 200 atm.

Claims (1)

A device for cleaning the internal cavity of the pipeline, comprising a turbine mounted on an all-metal shaft, made in the form of a sleeve with holes in which blades are fixed with an outlet to the outside between the housing and the specified shaft, and a head connected to the turbine carrying a tip with cutting edges, as well as a housing with jet nozzles, made with an internal cavity filled with a working agent, characterized in that the all-metal shaft is connected to the housing and made with holes for supplying the working agent to the blade turbine parts that are located above the surface of the all-metal shaft and protrude above the surface of the turbine.

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