RU2424655C2 - Device for internal soil irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a tight tank, a supply pipe with a valve, a pipe with a valve to drain sludge and water remainder from the tank, a water-supply pipe. The water-drain pipe is connected to watering tubes. Watering tubes have water-outlet holes to supply water internally into soil. The tight tank comprises a vacuum and a bleed valves in the upper part and a level indicator on the side wall. Each watering tube is connected by means of a dosing element with an air and water impermeable rod. The lower end of the rod is sharpened. The cylindrical part of the rod is installed in a screen. The dosing element is arranged in the form of a ball with material density of not more than 0.12 t/m³. The ball is installed with the possibility of free displacement in the cylindrical cavity. The cylindrical cavity is pneumatically connected to a source of compressed gas. The source of compressed gas has a check valve, a valve and a pressure gauge.

EFFECT: structure will make it possible to increase crop capacity.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular for subsoil irrigation and aeration of the root horizon, and can be used for irrigation of crops, orchards, vineyards, berries and vegetable gardens with small irrigation standards.

Known dropper, including a cover with an inlet fitting, a membrane placed in the housing, the base of which is made with a domed protrusion in the middle, in which the base of the housing is equipped with an annular protrusion with shoulders on which a membrane is fixed, fixed by a cap, while radial holes are made in the annular protrusion for supplying water to the submembrane cavity, and in the domed protrusion, a central hole connected to a series of inclined holes having an outlet in the lower part of the base, which is provided with a tail ICOM for burial in the soil (patent RU №2181539 C2, IPC ⁷ A01G 25/02. dripper. / V.G.Abezin, A.G.Alimov, V.V.Karpunin, V.V.Karpunin, VI Batishchev, T.I. Potapova (RU) .- Application No.2000112458 / 13; Stated 05/17/2000; Publish. 04/27/2002).

The disadvantages of the described dropper, despite the possibility of issuing small irrigation norms, are that irrigation water is distributed superficially and is used inefficiently. A shank (14) made under the housing (4) is provided only for fixing the dropper on the surface of the irrigated array.

A dropper is also known, which includes a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles and a float with shutter elements installed in it and provided with a subsoiler connected to the housing, the housing and the float are spherical, and the locking elements are in the form of conical needles, the inlet and outlet nozzles having conical locking nests, while the locking socket of the inlet pipe is connected by a main pipeline, and the locking socket of the output pipe is connected to a recess made in the subsoiler and having outlet openings; the locking socket of the inlet pipe is connected to the main pipeline through a hose; the housing is detachable; the subsoiler is connected to the casing by means of a thread (patent RU No. 2181540 C1, IPC ⁷ A01G 25/02. Dropper. / V.G. Abezin, V.V. Karpunin, V.V. Karpunin, T.I. Potapova, V.D. . Not peaceful. - Application No.2002222990 / 13; Announced on 09/04/2000; Published on 04/27/2002).

The disadvantages of the described dropper include the surface distribution of irrigation water and the inability to aerate the upper layer and saturate it with both atmospheric air and carbon dioxide.

In addition to those described, a dropper is known, which includes a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles and a float with locking elements installed in it and equipped with a pointed tubular humidifier with stiffeners and conical holes between the ribs on its side surface, the housing and the float are cylindrical, and the float has guides placed in a case with a gap of 0.5 mm, and locking conical elements with a taper angle greater than 90 °; the hole of the inlet pipe is made conical with the expansion towards the float chamber; the conical locking element of the outlet pipe has a cylindrical support pad; the conical holes of the humidifier have a smaller diameter on the inner surface of the humidifier and a larger diameter on the outer with a taper angle of 60 ° (patent RU No. 222921 C1, IPC ⁷ A01G 25/02. Dropper. / V.G. Abezin, V.V. Karpunin, V. V. Karpunin, A.P. Serdyukov, D.A. Serdyukov, A.N. Lagutin, N.V. Kornaukhov (RU) - Application No. 2003108553/12; Stated March 27, 2003; Publish. May 27, 2004).

The disadvantages of the described dropper, despite the possibility of subsoil moistening, are the low operational reliability of the humidifier (10) and clogging of both its openings and the cavity with mineral litter from the wetted layer.

Known dropper dispenser, including a water outlet and a detachable body, in which the water outlet is equipped with a valve made in the form of an elastic-elastic valve, and is located in the lower part of the irrigation pipeline, and the detachable injector body is mounted on the irrigation pipeline by means of a clamp and a clamp; in the detachable part of the injector body, a storage chamber is made, connected to a channel made in the form of a helical groove, hydraulically connected to conical holes on its surface, and a helical groove with the outer surface of the body (patent RU No. 2250601 C1, IPC ⁷ A01G 25/02. -dropper. / V.V. Karpunin, V.G. Abezin, M.S. Grigorov, V.V. Karpunin, D.A. Serdyukov, A.N. Chushkin (RU) - Application No. 2004107750/12; Stated March 15, 2004; Published April 27, 2005).

The disadvantages of the described dispenser, despite the possibility of subsoil irrigation, include limited functionality, low operational reliability of the injector (3), low manufacturing quality, lack of dosing media for irrigation rates.

A device for irrigation is known, including a sealed tank with a vacuum valve in the upper part and with a drain pipe connected to its lower part, in which it is equipped with irrigation pipes connected to a drain pipe and having water outlets for supplying water underground (patent RU No. 2071246 C1 , IPC ⁶ A01G 25/06, 27/00. Device for irrigation. / R.A. Balbekov, A.T. Perelman (RU) - Application No.93007510 / 15; Declared 05.02.1993; Publish. 01.10.1997) .

The disadvantages of the described device for irrigation with small irrigation standards, adopted by us as the closest analogue, are limited functionality.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to expand the functionality of low-volume irrigation.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of agricultural cultures.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for subsoil irrigation, including a sealed tank with vacuum and bleed valves in the upper part, a level gauge on the side wall, a supply pipe with a tap, a pipe with a tap for draining sludge and remaining water from the tank, a drain a pipe connected to irrigation pipes having water outlets for supplying subsoil water, according to the invention, each irrigation pipe is connected via a metering element to air and water permeable rod, the lower end of which is pointed, while the cylindrical part of the rod is placed in the screen, and the dosing element is made in the form of a ball with a material density of not more than 0.12 t / m ³ and installed with the possibility of free movement in a cylindrical cavity pneumatically connected to the source compressed gas having a check valve, valve and pressure gauge.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for subsoil irrigation when performing the technological process of irrigation and aeration of the root horizon.

Figure 2 presents an air- and water-permeable rod with a pointed end, a screen on its cylindrical part, a metering element connected pneumatically to a source of compressed gas and hydraulically with a tank for irrigation water.

Figure 3 shows the positions of air- and water-permeable rods in the root-inhabited layer along a number of plantings of grapes, tree crops, and other agricultural crops. cultures.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The device for subsurface irrigation includes a sealed tank 1 with a vacuum valve 2 and a bleed valve 3 in the upper part of the tank 1, an indicator 4 of the level of irrigation water on the side wall, a supply pipe 5 with a valve 6, a pipe 7 with a valve 8 for draining the sludge and the remaining water from a tank 1, a drain pipe 9, connected by means of a distribution pipe 10 with irrigation pipes 11 having water outlets for supplying subsoil water. The drain pipe 9 with the tank 1 is connected by means of a crane 12 (see figure 1).

Each irrigation tube 11 is connected via a metering element 13 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) to an air- and water-permeable rod 14. The rod 14 is made of ceramic or cermet material with micropore and hole sizes in the range 0.1 ... 0.3 mm. The lower end 15 of the rod 14 is made pointed. On the cylindrical part of the rod 14 there is a screen 16 made of material that excludes siltation of the rod 14 with soil aggregates, silt, sand of the working surface of the rod 14.

The metering element 13 is made in the form of a ball 17 with a material density of not more than 0.12 t / m ³ . Ball 17 in the metering element is installed with the possibility of free movement in a cylindrical cavity. The lower part 18 of the metering element 13 has a tide 19 for mounting the rod 14. The tide 19 is connected to the shield 16 by a sleeve 20. The upper part 21 of the metering element 13 is provided with a teat 22 for interfacing with the end of the irrigation tube 11.

Each metering element 13 is pneumatically connected to a source of compressed gas 23. The source 23 has a non-return valve 24, a valve 25 and a pressure gauge 26. The non-return valve 24 is connected to the flexible hoses 29 by pneumatic hoses 27 and 28. Each sleeve 29 has taps 30 for connecting to the fitting 31 in the upper part 21 of the metering element 13 (Fig. 2 and 3).

A device for subsoil irrigation works as follows.

We consider the operation of the device in three modes: a) subsurface irrigation; b) aeration of the root horizon with gases: atmospheric, carbon dioxide and chlorine; c) irrigation with saturation of irrigation water with gases.

With subsoil irrigation, the tap 6 is opened, and water under pressure passes through the supply pipe 5 into the cavity of the sealed tank 1. The incoming water displaces air from the tank 1 through the bleed valve 3. When filling the tank 1, the taps 8 and 12 on the pipe 7 and the drain pipe 9 must be closed. The valve 25 at the source of compressed gas 23 is also locked.

When filling the cavity of the sealed tank 1, the water level rises, which is monitored by the meniscus in the pointer 4. When water flows from the bleed valve 3, the valve 6 is closed.

When the tap 12 is opened, water fills the cavities of the pipe 9 of the distribution pipe 10 and irrigation pipes 11 located along rows of tree plantations, vineyards, berry plants and other agricultural crops. cultures.

Irrigation water from a sealed tank 1 enters through the irrigation tube 11 into the cavity of the metering element 13. When filling the cavity of the metering element 13, the ball 17 pops up and eventually closes the hole in the nipple 22. Under the influence of gravitational forces, water from the metering element fills the pores of the rod 14 and the screen 16 displaces air into the soil layer. The rods 14 in each row of plants can be placed both vertically (figure 2), and with an inclination to the horizon at an angle (figure 3). Through the micropores of the rod 14 and the screen 16, the root layer is saturated with moisture. When lowering the water level in the metering element 13, the ball 17 opens a hole in the nipple 22 and re-filling the cavity of the metering element 13. This eliminates the excessive and unacceptable flow of water by the rod 14 into the soil horizon.

To activate plant growth, atmospheric air between two or three irrigations is supplied to the root habitat of the irrigated area.

To do this, the valve 12 is closed. When the valve 25 is opened, the compressed gas from the source 23 under pressure through the pneumatic hoses 27 and 28 and flexible hoses 29 through the taps 30 enters the cavity of the metering element 13. Due to the gap between the inner wall of the metering element 13 and the ball 17, gas under pressure enters the micropores of the rod 14 and screen 16. By the pressure of compressed gas from micropores, the remaining water is squeezed out into the soil horizon. Due to the inclination of the rods 14 to the horizon, the soil horizon is aerated both along a number of plants and along its width.

S.-h. plants during vegetation are very responsive to the presence of carbon dioxide in the soil, which affects the processes of photosynthesis, root formation and the accumulation of vegetative mass, flowering and fruit formation. To do this, when watering in the cavity of the metering elements 13 periodically from the source 23 serves under pressure carbon dioxide. Water is saturated with it and with it gas is delivered to the roots of plants.

When pathogenic microflora are suppressed in the soil horizon and on plants, source 23 is supplied with chlorine in a gaseous form, which, together with water, enters the root habitat.

The above information indicates the achievement of the above technical result.

Claims (1)

A device for subsurface irrigation, including a sealed tank with vacuum and bleed valves in the upper part, a level gauge on the side wall, a supply pipe with a tap, a pipe with a tap for draining sludge and residual water from the tank, a drain pipe connected to irrigation pipes having water outlets openings for water supply subsoil, characterized in that each irrigation tube is connected by means of a metering element to an air- and water-permeable rod, the lower end of which is pointed, while indricheskaya web part placed in the screen, and the metering member is in the form of a ball with a density of the material is not more than 0.12 t / m ^3, mounted to be freely movable in the cylindrical cavity is pneumatically connected to a source of compressed gas having a check valve, valve and pressure gauge .

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